Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2017. Vol. 62. No. 3. P. 26-32

DOI: 10.12737/article_5927e7f0092c62.96839938

Cytogenetic Radiation Dose Indication in about 30 Years after the Accident at the Chernobyl NPP

V.Yu. Nugis, A.Yu. Bushmanov, M.G. Kozlova, O.A. Tikhonova

State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

V.Yu. Nugis - Head of Lab., Dr. Sc. Biol.; A.Yu. Bushmanov - First Deputy Director General, Dr. Sc. Med., Prof.; M.G. Kozlova - Research Worker; O.A. Tykhonova - Head of Lab., PhD Med.

Abstract

Purpose: Retrospective biological dose indication based on cytogenetic examination of essentially liquidators who worked in various years by 29.7-30.4 years after the Chernobyl accident.

Material and methods: The cytogenetic investigation of peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures using the classical method and single-color FISH-staining of chromosomes in parallel.

Results: In general the frequencies of FISH-detected translocations were above background levels in 17 from 56 people. Dose estimates ranged from 172 to 624 mSv. The single highly aberrant cells contained mostly unstable chromosome aberrations were detected by FISH-analysis in 4 examined individuals. The presence or absence of such cells was not associated with the availability of an estimated dose cytogenetically. Analysis of the data obtained by means of a classical method showed that only one liquidator had the general frequency of chromosome rearrangements and frequency of chromosome aberrations - indicators of radiation effects - exceeded background values.

Conclusion: 1. Using single-color FISH-painting of chromosomes in about 28-30 years after the accident at the Chernobyl NPP allows carrying out a retrospective dose assessment for persons involved in the situation.

2. In classical painting of chromosomes the individual levels of unstable type aberrations found at the same time did not differ from their baseline values. The amount of abnormal chromosomes in the studied group was also not significantly higher than the control level.
3. The detection of single highly aberrant metaphases in peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures of some persons is typical for people who stayed in areas contaminated by the Chernobyl nuclear disaster. It is obviously due to the presence of alpha-emitting radionuclides, although dosimetric interpretation these data remains unclear.
4. The correlation between the physical and biological dose estimates was very low although it was statistically significant. Therefore, in our opinion, the accuracy of the Chernobyl documented physical dose estimates is questionable.

Key words: chromosome aberrations, peripheral blood, lymphocytes culture, accidental irradiation, the accident at the Chernobyl NPP

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For citation: Nugis VYu, Bushmanov AYu, Kozlova MG, Tikhonova OA. Cytogenetic Radiation Dose Indication in about 30 Years after the Accident at the Chernobyl NPP. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2017;62(3):26-32. Russian. DOI: 10.12737/article_5927e7f0092c62.96839938

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