JOURNAL DESCRIPTION
The Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety journal ISSN 1024-6177 was founded in January 1956 (before December 30, 1993 it was entitled Medical Radiology, ISSN 0025-8334). In 2018, the journal received Online ISSN: 2618-9615 and was registered as an electronic online publication in Roskomnadzor on March 29, 2018. It publishes original research articles which cover questions of radiobiology, radiation medicine, radiation safety, radiation therapy, nuclear medicine and scientific reviews. In general the journal has more than 30 headings and it is of interest for specialists working in thefields of medicine¸ radiation biology, epidemiology, medical physics and technology. Since July 01, 2008 the journal has been published by State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency. The founder from 1956 to the present time is the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, and from 2008 to the present time is the Federal Medical Biological Agency.
Members of the editorial board are scientists specializing in the field of radiation biology and medicine, radiation protection, radiation epidemiology, radiation oncology, radiation diagnostics and therapy, nuclear medicine and medical physics. The editorial board consists of academicians (members of the Russian Academy of Science (RAS)), the full member of Academy of Medical Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, corresponding members of the RAS, Doctors of Medicine, professor, candidates and doctors of biological, physical mathematics and engineering sciences. The editorial board is constantly replenished by experts who work in the CIS and foreign countries.
Six issues of the journal are published per year, the volume is 13.5 conventional printed sheets, 88 printer’s sheets, 1.000 copies. The journal has an identical full-text electronic version, which, simultaneously with the printed version and color drawings, is posted on the sites of the Scientific Electronic Library (SEL) and the journal's website. The journal is distributed through the Rospechat Agency under the contract № 7407 of June 16, 2006, through individual buyers and commercial structures. The publication of articles is free.
The journal is included in the List of Russian Reviewed Scientific Journals of the Higher Attestation Commission. Since 2008 the journal has been available on the Internet and indexed in the RISC database which is placed on Web of Science. Since February 2nd, 2018, the journal "Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety" has been indexed in the SCOPUS abstract and citation database.
Brief electronic versions of the Journal have been publicly available since 2005 on the website of the Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety Journal: http://www.medradiol.ru. Since 2011, all issues of the journal as a whole are publicly available, and since 2016 - full-text versions of scientific articles. Since 2005, subscribers can purchase full versions of other articles of any issue only through the National Electronic Library. The editor of the Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety Journal in accordance with the National Electronic Library agreement has been providing the Library with all its production since 2005 until now.
The main working language of the journal is Russian, an additional language is English, which is used to write titles of articles, information about authors, annotations, key words, a list of literature.
Since 2017 the journal Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety has switched to digital identification of publications, assigning to each article the identifier of the digital object (DOI), which greatly accelerated the search for the location of the article on the Internet. In future it is planned to publish the English-language version of the journal Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety for its development. In order to obtain information about the publication activity of the journal in March 2015, a counter of readers' references to the materials posted on the site from 2005 to the present which is placed on the journal's website. During 2015 - 2016 years on average there were no more than 100-170 handlings per day. Publication of a number of articles, as well as electronic versions of profile monographs and collections in the public domain, dramatically increased the number of handlings to the journal's website to 500 - 800 per day, and the total number of visits to the site at the end of 2017 was more than 230.000.
The two-year impact factor of RISC, according to data for 2017, was 0.439, taking into account citation from all sources - 0.570, and the five-year impact factor of RISC - 0.352.
Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2026. Vol. 71. № 4
DOI:10.33266/1024-6177-2026-71-4-139-144
L.A. Leonova1, P.V. Pinchuk2, 3, N.N. Blinov4, A.I. Sakharov1, 5
MICROFOCUS RADIOGRAPHY USING PORTABLE DEVICES IN SOLVING FORENSIC MEDICAL AND FORENSIC CRIMINALISTIC PROBLEMS
1 Bureau of the Chief Forensic Medical Examination of the A.I. Burnazyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Moscow, Russia
2 Bureau of Forensic Medical Examination of the Department of Healthcare of the City of Moscow, Moscow, Russia
3 N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
4 M.F. Vladimirsky Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute, Moscow, Russia
5 Biomedical University of Innovations and Continuing Education of the A.I. Burnazyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Moscow, Russia
Contact person: L.A. Leonova, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
ABSTRACT
Рurpose: To participate in the development and clinical‑experimental validation of a new class of portable wearable X‑ray devices with a microfocus tube for addressing a wide range of forensic medical tasks.
Material and methods: The study was conducted in two stages: Experimental stage – performed on biomannequins. In the medico‑forensic part of this stage, the “air cushion” method was applied for direct X‑ray magnification. Clinical stage – examination of deceased bodies at the 522nd Centre for Receiving, Processing and Dispatching the Deceased of the Southern Military District (Rostov‑on‑Don) in 2023–2024. The following equipment was used: portable monoblock X‑ray devices RAP‑120M‑1N III and RAP‑2; flat‑panel detectors ROESIS XDR MG1417 and RAYENCE 1417 WCC for image acquisition.
Results: The experimental part confirmed high‑quality visualisation of foreign bodies in biological tissues, including against the background of: plaster casts; haemostatic tourniquets. Detected foreign bodies included metal fragments, bullets, glass fragments, etc. In the clinical part, the following images were analysed: 68 skull radiographs; 69 chest X‑rays; 40 images of the abdominal cavity, pelvis and limbs. Capabilities of the portable X‑ray device: visualisation of both large projectiles and tiny metal fragments (smaller than 0.5 mm); detection of secondary impact elements; identification of the “metallisation track” along the wound channel. Effectiveness of the direct X‑ray magnification method (microfocus radiography) with 2–4× magnification: high performance in examining gunshot injuries; ability to differentiate the structure of: wood; textile fibres; metal deposits.
Conclusion: The developed portable X‑ray systems represent a highly effective solution for rapid diagnostics in forensic medical practice. They provide high‑quality radiographs in any setting ‒ from autopsy rooms and field hospitals to incident sites. Thanks to the microfocus mode and the “air cushion” technique, the diagnostic potential of the method is significantly expanded, and its resolution approaches that of microtomography.
Keywords: portable radiography, forensic medical examination, microfocus radiography, blast injury, forensic criminalistic investigation, rapid diagnostics
For citation: Leonova LA, Pinchuk PV, Blinov NN, Sakharov AI. Microfocus Radiography Using Portable Devices in Solving Forensic Medical and Forensic Criminalistic Problems. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2026;71(4):139–144. DOI:10.33266/1024-6177-2026-71-4-139-144
References
1. Potrakhov Yu.N., Potrakhov Ye.N., Vasil’yev A.Yu., Fedorov Ye.P., Blinov N.N., Leonov S.V., Potrakhov N.N. Sposob Rentgenovskogo Obnaruzheniya Ranyashchikh Predmetov = Method of X-Ray Detection of Wounding Objects. Patent for Invention. No.RU 2830812 C1, 26.11.2024. St. Petersburg, 2024
(In Russ.).
2. Potrakhov Ye.N., Potrakhov N.N., Vasil’yev A.Yu., Fodorov Ye.P., Blinov N.N., Leonov S.V. Rentgenovskaya Ustanovka dlya Raboty v Polevykh Usloviyakh = X-Ray System for Work in Field Conditions. Patent for invention. No.2832386 RF. St. Petersburg, 2024 (In Russ.).
3. Vasil’yev A.Yu., Leonov S.V., Blinov (Jr) N.N., Potrakhov N.N., Leonova L.A., Sakharov A.I. Chest X-Ray in the Diagnosis of Mine-Blast Injury during Mass Examination of the Victims. Meditsinskaya Radiologiya i Radiatsionnaya Bezopasnost’ = Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2025;70;5:82–86. Doi: 10.33266/1024-6177-2025-70-5-82-86 (In Russ.).
4. Vasil’yev A.Yu., Leonov S.V., Blinov N.N., Potrakhov N.N. Express X-ray Diagnostics of Mine-Blast Skull Injury. Radiologiya – Praktika = Radiology – Practice. 2025;4:10-23 (In Russ.). Doi: 10.52560/2713-0118-2025-4-10-23.
5. Vasil’yev A.Yu., Petrovskaya V.V., Alpatova V.G., Potrakhov N.N., Gryaznov A.Yu. Features of the Image Obtained from a Microfocus Source (Experimental Study). Sibirskiy Meditsinskiy Zhurnal = The Siberian Medical Journal. 2010;25;3-2:7-10 (In Russ.).
6. Staroverov N.Ye., Gryaznov A.YU., Potrakhov N.N., Kholopova Ye.D., Guk K.K. New Methods of Digital Processing of Microfocus X-Ray Images. Meditsinskaya Tekhnika = Biomedical Engineering. 2018;6;312:53-55 (In Russ.).
7. Alpatova V.G., Vasil’yev A.Yu., Kisel’nikova L.P., Potrakhov N.N., Gryaznov A.Yu., Selyagina A.S., Petrovskaya V.V. Comparative Assessment of the Information Content of Digital Microfocus Radiography with Multiple Image Magnification and Radiovisiography in an Experiment. Institut Stomatologii = The Dental Institute. 2010;1;46:80-81 (In Russ.).
8. Blinov N.N., Vasil’yev A.Yu., Leonov S.V., Potrakhov N.N., Fedorov Ye.P. Radiography for Forensic Medicine in Blast Trauma. Kongress Rossiyskogo Obshchestva Rentgenologov i Radiologov = Congress of the Russian Society of Roentgenologists and Radiologists. Rroceedings of Conference. St. Petersburg, November 8-10, 2023. St. Petersburg, Chelovek i yego Zdorov’ye Publ., 2023. P. 23 (In Russ.).
9. Kostina A.S., Leonov S.V., Troyan V.N., Leonova L.A. X-Ray Characteristics of Chest Organ Injuries in Combat Trauma. Radiologiya – Praktika = Radiology – Practice. 2025;3:54-63
(In Russ.). Doi: 10.52560/2713-0118-2025-3-54-63.
10. Dadabayev V.K., Uslontsev D.N., Glotov M.Ye. On the History of the Use of Additional Radiation Methods in Forensic and Forensic Medical Practice. Tverskoy Meditsinskiy Zhurnal = Tver Medical Journal. 2025;2:8-21 (In Russ.).
11. Farr T.Ye. Department of Photography and Radiography of the Institute of Forensic Medicine FU Berlin. Aktual’nyye Voprosy Sudebnoy Meditsiny i Ekspertnoy Praktiki = Current Issues in Forensic Medicine and Expert Practice. Barnaul, June 17-19, 1997. Barnaul – Berlin Publ., 1997. P. 134-140 (In Russ.).
PDF (RUS) Full-text article (in Russian)
Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Financing. The study had no sponsorship.
Contribution. Larisa Leonova: search for publications on the topic, literature analysis, writing the text of the article, correcting drawings and captions, checking terms on forensic medicine, scientific editing of the text; Pavel Pinchuk: formation of the purpose of work for forensic medicine, approval of the final version of the article – taking responsibility for all aspects of the work, the integrity of all parts of the article and its final version; Nikolay Nikolaevich Blinov (M.): collecting material, working with images and captions, writing text, searching for publications on the topic, analyzing literature, participating in the processing of material and calculating statistical indicators; Sakharov Alexander Igorevich: writing the text of the article, correcting drawings and captions, checking terms in forensic medicine.
Article received: 20.03.2026. Accepted for publication: 25.04.2026.