Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2020. Vol. 65. No. 3. P. 5–12

I.V. Ivanov^1,2, I.B. Ushakov³

Basic Approaches to the Extrapolation of Data of Animals to Human in Radiobiological Experiment

¹ I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia, Этот адрес электронной почты защищен от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.
² State Scientific Research Institute of the Military Medicine, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
³ A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Moscow, Russia

Abstract

Purpose: Substantiate the main directions of transferring experimental data from laboratory animals to humans.

Methods: The general patterns of the structure of the organism of animals and humans and the dynamics of the processes of their vital activity, including under the influence of various environmental factors, as well as the tendency of their approximation in the evolutionary series from lower mammals to humans are considered.

Results: The choice of criteria and methods for assessing the state of the human body and comparison with those in animals in simulated situations is systematized according to 3 main levels – physiological-biochemical, neuropsychological and social. Parameters of physiological reactions, clinical laboratory and biochemical parameters are assigned to level 1, parameters characterizing the functions of higher nervous activity, neurodynamic reactions, targeted actions and psychological manifestations to level 2, characteristics of interpersonal interactions to level 3. The types, tasks and methods of research that are carried out on small rodent animals (screening) and on larger animals from other mammalian orders that are closer in terms of evolutionary development and other parameters to humans (in-depth) are considered.

Conclusion: It is shown that when comparing the results of studies obtained in animal experiments and in human observations, it is important to use coefficients for the quantitative transfer of data from animals to humans, which require careful substantiation taking into account the interspecific characteristics of mammals and humans.

Key words: radiobiology, biomedical experiment, laboratory animals, extrapolation coefficients, parameters of physiological reactions, clinical and laboratory indicators, higher nervous activity, neurodynamic reactions, interpersonal interactions

For citation: Ivanov IV, Ushakov IB. Basic Approaches to the Extrapolation of Data of Animals to Human in Radiobiological Experiment. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2020;65(3):5-12. (In Russ.).

DOI: 10.12737/1024-6177-2020-65-3-5-12

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Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Financing. The study had no sponsorship.

Contribution. Article was prepared with equal participation of the authors.

Article received: 11.09.2019.

Accepted for publication: 24.06.2020.