Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2023. Vol. 68. № 3
DOI: 10.33266/1024-6177-2023-68-3-80-84
A.N. Koterov1, L.N. Ushenkova1, A.A. Wainson2
Nuclear Workers – on the Question of Unification
of Russian-Language Terminology (Brief Report)
1 A.I. Burnazyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Moscow, Russia
2 N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia
Contact person: Aleksey N. Koterov, e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищен от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.
Abstract
The issue of terminology is considered when searching for sources for analytical and synthetic studies of effects among workers in the nuclear industry (nuclear fuel cycle for the production of nuclear weapons components and fuel for power or transport installations). It is noted that if there are relatively few English-language names of this professional group (only four were found) with the absolute prevalence of the term ‘nuclear workers’, then for Russian-language sources there is a wide variety of names (various combinations with ‘atomic’ and ‘nuclear’ ‘industry’ or ‘industry’ etc.) without a hint of specificity. It is concluded that in the Russian-language literature it is most appropriate to use the term ‘workers in the nuclear industry’ [=nuclear workers], given that the name ‘nuclear industry’ is official.
Keywords: nuclear workers, terminology
For citation: Koterov AN, Ushenkova LN. Wainson AA. Nuclear Workers – on the Question of Unification of Russian-Language Terminology (Brief Report). Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2023;68(3):80–84. (In Russian). DOI: 10.33266/1024-6177-2023-68-3-80-84
References
1. Koterov A.N., Ushenkova L.N., Kalinina M.V., Biryukov A.P. Brief Review of World Researches of Radiation and Non-Radiation Effects in Nuclear Industry Workers. Mediko-Biologicheskiye Problemy Zhiznedeyatelnosti = Medical and Biological Problems of Life Activity. 2020;1:17–31 (In Russ.).
2. Koterov A.N., Ushenkova L.N., Kalinina M.V., Biryukov A.P. Comparison of the Risk of Mortality from Solid Cancers after Radiation Incidents and Occupational Exposures. Meditsina Truda i Promyshlennaya Ekologiya = Russian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology. 2021;61;9:580–587. https://doi.org/10.31089/1026-9428-2021-61-9-580-587 (In Russ.).
3. Koterov A.N., Tukov A.R., Ushenkova L.N., Kalinina M.V., Biryukov A.P. Average Accumulated Radiation Doses for World Nuclear Workers: Low Doses, Low Effects. Comparison with Doses for Medical Radiologists. Radiatsionnaya Biologiya. Radioekologiya = Radiation Biology. Radioecology. 2022;62;3:227–239. https://doi.org/10.31857/S0869803122030043 (In Russ.).
4. Bekman I.N. Yadernaya Industriya = Nuclear Industry. Lecture Course. Moscow Publ., 2005. 867 p. (In Russ.).
5. Novikov G.A. Reflections on the Development of the Concept and Structure of the Draft Law Regulating Relations in the Field of Activities of the Nuclear Weapons Complex for the Use of Nuclear Energy for Defense Purposes. URL: http://www.proatom.ru/modules.php?name=News&file=article&sid=4683 (Date of Access: 30.12.2022) (In Russ.).
6. Wing S. Basics of Radiation Epidemiology // Radiation Health. Effects. Ed. Burdman G.M., Kaplan L. Seattle, Hanford Health Information Network, 1994. URL: http://www.geocities.ws/irradiated45rems/7page6.html (Date of Access: 30.12.2022).
7. Boice J.D.Jr. Ionizing Radiation // Schottenfeld and Fraumeni Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention. Ed. Schottenfeld D., Fraumeni J.F. New York, Oxford University Press, 2006.
P. 259–293.
8. Boice J.D.Jr. Lauriston S. Taylor Lecture: Radiation Epidemiology – the Golden Age and Future Challenges. Health Phys. 2011;100;1:59–76. doi: 10.1097/HP.0b013e3181f9797d.
9. Boice J.D., Held K.D., Shore R.E. Radiation Epidemiology and Health Effects Following Low-Level Radiation Exposure.
J. Radiol. Prot. 2019;39;4:S14–27. https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-
6498/ab2f3d.
10. Zeeb H., Merzenich H., Wicke H., Blettner M. Radiation Epidemiology // Schottenfeld and Fraumeni Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention. Ed. Thun M.J., et al. New York, Oxford University Press, 2018. P. 2003–2037.
11. Berrington de Gonzalez A., Bouville A., Rajaraman P., Schubauer-Berigan M. Ionizing Radiation Schottenfeld and Fraumeni Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention. Ed. Thun M.J., Linet M.S., Cerhan J.R., Haiman C., Schottenfeld D. New York, Oxford University Press, 2018. P. 227–248.
12. The Effects of Low and Very Low Doses of Ionizing Radiation on Human Health. Ed. WONUC. Elsevier Science B.V. 2000. 560 p.
13. URL: https://www.industriall-union.org/who-we-are (Date of Access: 30.12.2022).
14. ICRP Publication 118. ICRP Statement on Tissue Reactions and Early and Late Effects of Radiation in Normal Tissues and Organs – Threshold Doses for Tissue Reactions in a Radiation Protection Context // Annals of the ICRP. Ed. Clement C.H. Amsterdam – New York, Elsevier, 2012. 325 p.
15. National Research Council, Division on Earth and Life Studies, Board on Radiation Effects Research, Committee to Assess Health Risks from Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation. Health Risks from Exposure to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation: BEIR VII. Phase 2. National Academies Press, 2006. 422 p.
16. NCRP. Commentary No 27. Implications of Recent Epidemiologic Studies for the Linear-Nonthreshold Model and Radiation Protection. National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, Bethesda, MD, 2018. 2 p.
17. IAEA 2018. Industrial Safety Guidelines for Nuclear Facilities. Nuclear Energy Series. No. NP-T-3.3. Vienna, International Atomic Energy Agency, 2018. 261 p.
18. UNSCEAR 1962. Report to the General Assembly, with Scientific Annex. Annex G. Medical, Occupational and Other Exposures. United Nations. New York, 1962. P. 375–413.
19. UNSCEAR 1972. Report to the General Assembly, with Scientific Annex. V. I. Level. Annex C. Doses from Occupational Exposure. United Nations. New York. 1972. P. 173–186.
20. UNSCEAR 1977. Report to the General Assembly, with Scientific Annex. Annex E. Doses from Occupational Exposure. United Nations. New York, 1977. P. 223–300.
21. UNSCEAR 1982. Report to the General Assembly, with Scientific Annex. Annex H. Occupational Exposure. United Nations. New York, 1982. P. 371–423.
22. UNSCEAR 1993. Report to the General Assembly, with Scientific Annex. Annex D. Occupational radiation exposure. United Nations. New York, 1993. P. 375–549.
23. UNSCEAR 2000. Report to the General Assembly, with Scientific Annex. V. I. Annex D. Occupational radiation exposure. United Nations. New York. 2000. P. 497–654.
24. UNSCEAR 2008. Report to the General Assembly, with Scientific Annex. V. I. Annex B. Exposures of the Public and Workers from Various Sources of Radiation. United Nations. New York, 2010. P. 221–463.
25. UNSCEAR 2017. Report to the General Assembly, with Scientific Annex. Exposures of Workers to Ionizing Radiation. Draft A/AC.82/R.725. 17 April 2017. Technical Report. United Nations, 2017. 26 p.
26. UNSCEAR 2019. Report to the General Assembly, with Scientific Annex. Evaluation of Occupational Exposures to Ionizing Radiation. Draft A/AC.82/R.735. 29 April 2019. Technical Report. United Nations, 2019. 154 p.
27. Ashmore J.P., Krewski D., Zielinski J.M., Jiang H., Semenciw R., Band P.R. First Analysis of Mortality and Occupational Radiation Exposure Based on the National Dose Registry of Canada. Am. J. Epidemiol. 1998;148;6:564–574. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009682.
28. Cardis E., Vrijheid M., Blettner M., Gilbert E., Hakama M., Hill C., et al. The 15-Country Collaborative Study of Cancer Risk among Radiation Workers in the Nuclear Industry: Estimates of Radiation-Related Cancer Risk. Radiat. Res. 2007;167;4:396–416. https://doi.org/10.1667/RR0553.1.
29. Roman E., Doyle P., Maconochie N., Davies G., Smith P.G., Beral V. Cancer in Children of Nuclear Industry Employees: Report on Children Aged Under 25 Years from Nuclear Industry Family Study. Brit. Med. J. 1999;318;7196:1443–1450. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.318.7196.1443.
30. IARC 1994. IARC Study Group on Cancer Risks among Nuclear Industry Workers. Direct Estimates of Cancer Mortality Due to Low Doses of Ionising Radiation: an International Study. IARC Study Group on Cancer Risk among Nuclear Industry Workers. Lancet. 1994;344;8929:1039–1043. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(94)91706-X.
31. Breuer F., Strambi E. Evaluation and Rational Recording of Irradiation Doses of Nuclear Workers. Minerva Fisiconucl. 1966;10;2:165–170 (In Italian.).
32. URL: https://www.iaea.org/sites/default/files/vol40_no2_russian_ru.pdf (Date of Access: 30.12.2022).
33. Yadernaya Industriya Rossii = Nuclear Industry of Russia. Collection of Articles. Ed. Petrosyants A.M., Shchegelskiy A.V., Kruglov A.K., et al. Moscow, Energoatomizdat Publ., 2000. 1040 p. (In Russ.).
34. URL: https://www.atomic-energy.ru/RPRAEP (Date of Access: 30.12.2022) (In Russ.).
35. Azizova T.V., Bragin Ye.V., Hamada N., Bannikova M.V. Risk Assessment of Senile Cataract Incidence in a Cohort of Nuclear Workers of Mayak Production Association. Meditsinskaya Radiologiya i Radiatsionnaya Bezopasnost = Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2018;63;4:15–21. https://doi.org/10.12737/article-5b83b0430902e8.35861647 (In Russ.).
36. Takhauov R.M., Isubakova D.S., Bronikovskaya Ye.V., Tsymbal O.S., Khalyuzova M.V., Takhauova L.R., et al. The Bank of Biological Samples by Seversk Biophysical Research Center. Meditsinskaya Radiologiya i Radiatsionnaya Bezopasnost = Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2020;65;2:21–26. https://doi.org/10.12737/1024-6177-2020-65-2-21-26. (In Russ.).
37. Ivanov V.K., Tsyb A.F., Agapov A.M., Kaidalov O.V., Maksioutov M.A. et al. Possible Dose Threshold when Forming a Potential Risk Group among Nuclear Industry Personnel. Radiatsiya i Risk = Radiation and Risk. 2005;Special issue1:4–16 (In Russ.).
38. Gouskova А.К. Relation of Clinical Effects and Spatio-Temporal Dose Distribution of Personal of Atomic Industry. Meditsina Ekstremalnykh Situatsiy = Extreme Medicine. 2011;3:5–11 (In Russ.).
39. Tukov A.R., Shafranskiy I.L., Prokhorova O.N., Ziyatdinov M.N. The Incidence of Cataracts and the Radiation Risk of their Occurrence in Liquidators of the Chernobyl Accident, Workers in the Nuclear Industry. Radiatsiya i Risk = Radiation and Risk. 2019;28;1:37–46. https://doi.org/10.21870/0131-3878-2019-28-1-37-46 (In Russ.).
PDF (RUS) Full-text article (in Russian)
Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Financing. The study had no sponsorship.
Contribution. Article was prepared with equal participation of the authors.
Article received: 20.01.2022. Accepted for publication: 25.02.2023.