Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2024. Vol. 69. № 2
DOI:10.33266/1024-6177-2024-69-2-53-64
V. Zaichick1, V. Kolotov2
Nuclear Physics Medical Elementology as a Section of Medical Radiology
1 A.F. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre, Obninsk, Russia
2 V.I. Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Contact person: V. Zaichick, e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищен от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.
ABSTRACT
Purpose: Medical elementology and its subsection nuclear physics medical elementology, as the most important areas of biomedical science, are still insufficiently included in the arsenal of medical radiology as a fundamental basis for the development and use of new methods for diagnosing and treating various diseases, including oncological ones. For the successful establishment of nuclear physics medical elementology as a new scientific discipline, it is necessary to develop a clear methodology for its further development.
Results: The definition of the subject of research and the main postulates of medical elementology is given. The close interrelation of knowledge about the content and metabolism of chemical elements, as well as their radioactive and stable isotopes, with the needs of medical radiology is shown. The following areas of research are considered: 1) The use of chemical elements, as well as their radioactive and stable isotopes in medicine; 2) Visualization of organs and tissues, as well as in vivo determination of the content of chemical elements in them; 3) Nuclear physical methods for determining chemical elements in samples of tissues and fluids of the human body in solving oncological problems; 4) The role of chemical elements in calculating absorbed doses during radiotherapy; 5) The use of nuclear physical methods in the formation of groups at increased risk of cancer. A range of modern nuclear physics analytical methods acceptable in clinical practice and as an adequate research tool is outlined. The need for the integrated use of nuclear physics analytical technologies to obtain reference values for the content of chemical elements in various organs, tissues and fluids of the human body in normal and various pathological conditions, as well as to organize the strictest quality control of measurements and unify methodological approaches is demonstrated. The modern possibilities of using the achievements of nuclear physics medical elementology in solving the problems of medical radiology are determined and the priorities for the future are outlined.
Conclusion: The steady development of nuclear physical methods of chemical elements analysis and their implementation in medicine is constantly expanding the scope of possibilities of medical elementology. The development of this area will certainly make a significant contribution to the future successes of medical radiology.
Keywords: medical radiology, radiation-nuclear medical elementology, chemical elements, norm, pathology, extreme impacts, environment
For citation: Zaichick V, Kolotov V. Nuclear Physics Medical Elementology as a Section of Medical Radiology. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2024;69(2):53–64. (In Russian). DOI:10.33266/1024-6177-2024-69-2-53-64
References
1. Vernadskiy V.I. Living Matter. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1978. 358 p. (In Russ.).
2. Vernadskiy V.I. Scientific Thought as a Planetary Phenomenon. Moscow, Nongovernmental Ecological Vernadskiy V.I. Foundation, 1997. 265 p.
3. Vinogradov АP. Proceedings of the Biogeochemical Laboratory of the USSR Academy of Sciences. 1935. No 3. (In Russ.).
4. Voynar A.I. Biological Role of Microelements in the Body of Animals and Humans. Moscow, Vysshaya shkola Publ., 1960. 544 p. (In Russ.).
5. Kovalskiy V.V. Geochemical Ecology. Essays. Moscow, Nauka Publ., 1974. 300 p. (In Russ.).
6. Zaichick V. Medical Elementology as a New Scientific Discipline. J. Radioanal Nucl. Chem. 2006;269:303-309. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-006-0383-3.
7. Zaychik V., Agadzhanyan N.A. Some Methodological Issues of Medical Elementology. Bulletin of Restorative Medicine. 2004;3;9:19-23 (In Russ.).
8. Zaichick V., Ermidou-Pollet S., Pollet S. Bio- and Medical Elementology as a New Scientific Discipline. 1. Fundamental Postulates. Proceedings of 5th International Symposium on Trace Elements in Human: New Perspectives. 13-15 October 2005, Athens, Greece. Athens, Greece, Athens University, 2005. P. 24-30.
9. Zaichick V., Ermidou-Pollet S., Pollet S. Medical Elementology: a New Scientific Discipline. Trace Elements and Electrolytes 2007;24;2:69-74. DOI 10.5414/TEP24069.
10. Avtsin A.P., Zhavoronkov A.A., Rish M.A., Strochkova L.S. Human Microelementoses. Moscow, Meditsina Publ.,1991. 496 c. (In Russ.).
11. Chellan P., Sadler P.J. The Elements of Life and Medicines. Philos. Trans. A Math. Phys. Eng. Sci. 2015;373;2037:20140182. DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2014.018.
12. Zaychik V.E., Pavlov B.D., Tkachev A.V. The Effect of Hyperthermia on the Rate of 131I Excretion from the Thyroid Gland and the Body. Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine. 1974;78;10:51–55 (In Russ.).
13. Zaychick V. Method for Determining the Volume of Extracellular Fluid: Patent. No. 1377739 USSR, 1988 (In Russ.).
14. Zaychick V. X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis of Bromine for the Estimation of Extracellular Water. Appl. Radiat Isot. 1998;49;12:1165–1169. DOI: 10.1016/s0969-8043(97)10118-x.
15. Horta J.S., Abbatt J.D., Motta L.C., Tavares M.H. Leukaemia, Malignancies and Other Late Effects Following Administration of Thorotrast. Zeitschrift für Krebsforschung und Klinische Onkologie. 1972;77;3:202–216. DOI: 10.1007/BF02570686.
16. Gao S.-Y., Zhang X.-Y., Wei W., Li X.-T., Li Y.-L., Xu M., Sun Y.-S., Zhang X.-P. Identification of Benign and Malignant Thyroid Nodules by in Vivo Iodine Concentration Measurement Using Single-Source Dual Energy CT: A Retrospective Diagnostic Accuracy Study. Medicine (Baltimore). 2016;95;39:e4816. DOI: 10.1097/MD.0000000000004816.
17. Binh D.D., Nakajima T., Otake H., Higuchi T., Tsushima Y. Iodine Concentration Calculated by Dual-Energy Computed Tomography (DECT) as a Functional Parameter to Evaluate Thyroid Metabolism in Patients with Hyperthyroidism. BMC Med. Imaging. 2017;17:43. DOI: 10.1186/s12880-017-0216-6.
18. Hansson M., Berg G., Isaksson M. In Vivo x-Ray Fluorescence Analysis (XRF) of the Thyroid Iodine Content Influence of Measurement Geometries on the Iodine Kα Signal. X-Ray Spectrometry. Special Issue: XRS in Medicine. 2008;37;1:37–41. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/xrs.991.
19. Kapadia A.J., Sharma A.C., Tourassi G.D., Bender J.E., Howell C.R., Crowell A.S., Kiser M.R., Harrawood B.P., Pedroni R.S., Floyd C.E.Jr. Neutron Stimulated Emission Computed Tomography for Diagnosis of Breast Cancer. IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science. 2008;55;1:501-509. DOI:10.1109/TNS.2007.909847.
20. Martini N., Koukou V., Michail C., Fountos G. Dual Energy X-ray Methods for the Characterization, Quantification and Imaging of Calcification Minerals and Masses in Breast. Crystals. 2020;10;3:198. DOI:10.3390/cryst1003019.
21. Zaychick V., Vtyurin B.M., Zherbin E.A., Matveyenko E.G. Method for Differential Diagnosis of Thyroid Cancer: Patent No. 619859 USSR, 1978 (In Russ.).
22. Bizer V.A., Zherbin E.A., Zaichick V., Kalashnikov V.M., Proshin V.V. Method for Diagnosing Bone Tumors: Patent No. 677748 USSR, 1979 (In Russ.).
23. Dunchik V.N., Zherbin E.A., Zaychick V., Leonov A.I., Sviridova T.V. Method for Differential Diagnosis of Malignant and Benign Prostate Tumors: Patent No. 764660 USSR,1980
(In Russ.).
24. Tsyb A.F., Zaychick V., Vapnyar V.V., Kalashnikov V.M., Kondrashov A.E. Method for Diagnosing Malignant Tumors: Patent No. 1096775 USSR, 1984 (In Russ.).
25. Zaychick V., Tsyb A.F., Dunchik V.N., Sviridova T.V. Method for Diagnosing Prostate Diseases: Patent No. 997281 USSR, 1982 (In Russ.).
26. Zaychick V., Tsyb A.F., Vtyurin B.M., Medvedev V.S. Method for Diagnosing Latent Thyroid Cancer: Patent. No. 1096776 USSR, 1985 (In Russ.).
27. Zaichick V. Data for the Reference Man: skeleton content of chemical elements. Radiat Environ Biophys. 2013;52;1:65-85. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00411-012-0448-3.
28. Zaichick V., Wynchank S. Reference Man for Radiological Protection: 71 Chemical Elements’ Content of the Prostate Gland (Normal and Cancerous). Radiat Environ Biophys. 2021;60:165–178. DOI:10.1007/s00411-020-00884-5.
29. Landry G., Reniers B., Murrer L., Lutgens L., Gurp E.B., Pignol J.P., Keller B., Beaulieu L., Verhaegen F. Sensitivity of Low Energy Brachytherapy Monte Carlo Dose Calculations to Uncertainties in Human Tissue Composition. Med. Phys. 2010;37;10:5188-5198. DOI: 10.1118/1.3477161.
30. Boffetta P., Nyberg F. Contribution of Environmental Factors to Cancer Risk. British Medical Bulletin. 2003;68:71–94. DOI: 10.1093/bmp/ldg023.
31. Zaichick V., Ovchjarenko N., Zaichick S. In Vivo Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence for Measuring the Content of Essential and Toxic Trace Elements in Teeth. Appl. Radiat Isot. 1999;50;2:283-293. DOI: 10.1016/s0969-8043(97)10150-6.
32. International Commission on Radiological Protection No 23. Report of the Task Group on Reference Man. Oxford, Pergamon Press, 1975. https://www.icrp.org/publication.asp?id=ICRP%20Publication%2023.
33. Iyengar G.V., Kollmer W.E., Bowen H.J.M. The Elemental Composition of Human Tissues and Body Fluids. A Compilation of Values for Adults. Weinheim, Werlag Chemie, 1978. 512 p. DOI: https://lib.ugent.be/en/catalog/rug01:000082752.
34. Szpunar J. Advances in Analytical Methodology for Bioinorganic Speciation Analysis: Metallomics, Metalloproteomics and Heteroatom-Tagged Proteomics and Metabolomics. Analyst. 2005;130:442-465. DOI: 10.1039/b418265k.
PDF (RUS) Full-text article (in Russian)
Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Financing. The study had no sponsorship.
Contribution. Article was prepared with equal participation of the authors.
Article received: 20.11.2023. Accepted for publication: 27.12.2023.