Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2025. Vol. 70. № 3
DOI:10.33266/1024-6177-2025-70-3-22-33
L.A. Romodin, A.S. Umnikov, A.S. Samoilov
Biological Reactions under the Combined Action of Ionizing Radiation with Other Factors
A.I. Burnazyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Moscow, Russia
Contact person: L.A. Romodin, e-mail: Этот адрес электронной почты защищен от спам-ботов. У вас должен быть включен JavaScript для просмотра.
ABSTRACT
This review is devoted to the biological effects of combined exposure to ionizing radiation and factors of a different nature: temperature, non-ionizing radiation, various chemical agents, including heavy metals, immunogenic factors, emotional stress, etc. This effect is often called combined. If we are talking about the combined action of different types of ionizing radiation, for example, neutron and γ-radiation, then such an effect is called combined. The biological effects of the combined action of ionizing radiation and factors of a different nature have been studied by many authors, especially in the field of aerospace and military radiobiology. The review describes cases where the effect of the combined action of ionizing radiation and another factor is approximately equal to the sum of the effects from the action of these factors separately; these effects are called additive. The synergism of effects is described – an increase in the magnitude of the manifestation of effects with a combined action compared to their sum with separate exposure to the studied factors. Works devoted to the conditions for achieving synergistic effects and identifying those under which the degree of synergy will be maximum are analyzed. Cases of a decrease in the magnitude of effects under the combined influence of ionizing radiation and a factor of a different nature are shown in comparison with the effects observed when they act separately ‒ antagonism of effects. Understanding the mechanism of these phenomena is necessary for the successful development of radioprotective agents, the development of countermeasures in case of radiation accidents or the use of nuclear weapons, and the creation of effective means and methods of treating oncological diseases. The review also describes current problems in the use of radioprotectors.
Keywords: ionizing radiation, combined effect, synergism, additivity, antagonism, heavy metals, hyperthermia, non-ionizing radiation, neutrons, γ-radiation
For citation: Romodin LA, Umnikov AS, Samoilov AS. Biological Reactions under the Combined Action of Ionizing Radiation with Other Factors. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2025;70(3):22–33. (In Russian). DOI:10.33266/1024-6177-2025-70-3-22-33
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Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Financing. The study had no sponsorship.
Contribution. Article was prepared with equal participation of the authors.
Article received: 20.02.2025. Accepted for publication: 25.03.2025.