JOURNAL DESCRIPTION
The Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety journal ISSN 1024-6177 was founded in January 1956 (before December 30, 1993 it was entitled Medical Radiology, ISSN 0025-8334). In 2018, the journal received Online ISSN: 2618-9615 and was registered as an electronic online publication in Roskomnadzor on March 29, 2018. It publishes original research articles which cover questions of radiobiology, radiation medicine, radiation safety, radiation therapy, nuclear medicine and scientific reviews. In general the journal has more than 30 headings and it is of interest for specialists working in thefields of medicine¸ radiation biology, epidemiology, medical physics and technology. Since July 01, 2008 the journal has been published by State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency. The founder from 1956 to the present time is the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, and from 2008 to the present time is the Federal Medical Biological Agency.
Members of the editorial board are scientists specializing in the field of radiation biology and medicine, radiation protection, radiation epidemiology, radiation oncology, radiation diagnostics and therapy, nuclear medicine and medical physics. The editorial board consists of academicians (members of the Russian Academy of Science (RAS)), the full member of Academy of Medical Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, corresponding members of the RAS, Doctors of Medicine, professor, candidates and doctors of biological, physical mathematics and engineering sciences. The editorial board is constantly replenished by experts who work in the CIS and foreign countries.
Six issues of the journal are published per year, the volume is 13.5 conventional printed sheets, 88 printer’s sheets, 1.000 copies. The journal has an identical full-text electronic version, which, simultaneously with the printed version and color drawings, is posted on the sites of the Scientific Electronic Library (SEL) and the journal's website. The journal is distributed through the Rospechat Agency under the contract № 7407 of June 16, 2006, through individual buyers and commercial structures. The publication of articles is free.
The journal is included in the List of Russian Reviewed Scientific Journals of the Higher Attestation Commission. Since 2008 the journal has been available on the Internet and indexed in the RISC database which is placed on Web of Science. Since February 2nd, 2018, the journal "Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety" has been indexed in the SCOPUS abstract and citation database.
Brief electronic versions of the Journal have been publicly available since 2005 on the website of the Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety Journal: http://www.medradiol.ru. Since 2011, all issues of the journal as a whole are publicly available, and since 2016 - full-text versions of scientific articles. Since 2005, subscribers can purchase full versions of other articles of any issue only through the National Electronic Library. The editor of the Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety Journal in accordance with the National Electronic Library agreement has been providing the Library with all its production since 2005 until now.
The main working language of the journal is Russian, an additional language is English, which is used to write titles of articles, information about authors, annotations, key words, a list of literature.
Since 2017 the journal Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety has switched to digital identification of publications, assigning to each article the identifier of the digital object (DOI), which greatly accelerated the search for the location of the article on the Internet. In future it is planned to publish the English-language version of the journal Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety for its development. In order to obtain information about the publication activity of the journal in March 2015, a counter of readers' references to the materials posted on the site from 2005 to the present which is placed on the journal's website. During 2015 - 2016 years on average there were no more than 100-170 handlings per day. Publication of a number of articles, as well as electronic versions of profile monographs and collections in the public domain, dramatically increased the number of handlings to the journal's website to 500 - 800 per day, and the total number of visits to the site at the end of 2017 was more than 230.000.
The two-year impact factor of RISC, according to data for 2017, was 0.439, taking into account citation from all sources - 0.570, and the five-year impact factor of RISC - 0.352.
Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2025. Vol. 70. № 6
DOI:10.33266/1024-6177-2025-70-6-71-77
I.S. Kuznetsova, M.E. Sokolnikov, A.V. Efimov, A.B. Sokolova
Lifetime Risk of Lung Cancer Death from Inhaled Plutonium Intake Based on New Biokinetic and Dosimetric Models
South Ural Federal Scientific and Clinical Center for Medical Biophysics, Ozersk, Russia
Contact person: I.S. Kuznetsova, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
ABSTRACT
Purpose: To assess the lifetime risk of death from lung cancer with inhaled intake of 239Pu compounds of the M, S and MOX types, based on the results of mortality modeling in a cohort of employees at PA Mayak, taking into account new biokinetic and dosimetric models.
Material and methods: Lifetime risk was assessed in terms of lifetime radiation death from lung cancer.
The risk assessment was carried out for the scenario of chronic daily intake for one year, 10, 20, 30 and 50 years with three age values at the beginning of contact with plutonium aerosols: 20, 35 and 50 years. Two intake values were used, equal to 1 Bq per day and annual limit of intake (ALI), obtained based on the OIR model (the Occupational Intakes of Radionuclides) for 239Pu. Estimates of equivalent doses to the lungs from 239Pu were made based on the biokinetic and dosimetric models presented in the OIR publication series.
To assess the lifetime radiation risk, a model of lung cancer mortality was used, obtained as part of the radiogenic risk studies for Mayak personnel. Since there is an excessive risk factor – occupational radiation exposure, the mortality rate also takes into account the radiogenic component in the survival function.
Results: The possibility of exceeding the limit in terms of lifetime risk of death from lung cancer for inhaled intake of chemical compounds 239Pu type M and MOX has been shown. The intake of 239Pu type M compounds at a ALI level of 650 Bq per year for 50 years, starting at the age of 20, leads to an accumulation of 516 mGy of alpha radiation dose in the lung and to a twofold excess of the lifetime risk 5 % level for male smokers (9.8×10-2). The recommended ALI for MOX compounds (440 Bq per year) leads to exceeding the acceptable risk limit within 20, 30 or 50 years: 5,7∙10-2, 7,1∙10-2, 7,9∙10-2, if smoking men start coming into contact with 239Pu aerosols at the age of 20.
Keywords: lifetime death risk, occupational exposure, plutonium, lung cancer
For citation: Kuznetsova IS, Sokolnikov ME, Efimov AV, Sokolova AB. Lifetime Risk of Lung Cancer Death from Inhaled Plutonium Intake Based on New Biokinetic and Dosimetric Models. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2025;70(6):71–77. (In Russian). DOI:10.33266/1024-6177-2025-70-6-71-77
References
1. Нормы радиационной безопасности НРБ-99/2009: Санитарные правила и нормативы. СанПиН 2.6.1.2523-09 № 47 от 7 июля 2009 г. Электронный ресурс. (Дата обращения 17.03.2025) [Normy Radiatsionnoy Bezopasnosti NRB-99/2009 = Radiation Safety Standards NRB-99/2009. Sanitary Rules and Regulations. SanPiN 2.6.1.2523-09 dated July 7, 2009 No. 47 (In Russ.) (Date of Access 17.03.2025)]. URL: https://base.garant.ru/4188851/53f89421bbdaf741eb2d1ecc4ddb4c33/
2. Paquet F., Etherington G., Bailey M.R., Leggett R.W., Lipsztein J., Bolch W., Eckerman K.F., Harrison J.D. ICRP. ICRP Publication 130: Occupational Intakes of Radionuclides: Part 1. Ann ICRP. 2015; 44;2:5–188. doi: 10.1177/0146645315577539.
3. Paquet F., Bailey M.R., Leggett R.W., Lipsztein J., Fell T.P., Smith T., Nosske D., Eckerman K.F., Berkovski V., Ansoborlo E., Giussani A., Bolch W.E., Harrison J.D. ICRP Publication 134: Occupational Intakes of Radionuclides: Part 2. Ann ICRP. 2016;45;3-4:7–349. doi: 10.1177/0146645316670045. PMID: 28657340.
4. Paquet F., Bailey M.R., Leggett R.W., Lipsztein J., Marsh J., Fell T.P., Smith T., Nosske D., Eckerman K.F., Berkovski V., Blanchardon E., Gregoratto D., Harrison J.D. ICRP Publication 137: Occupational Intakes of Radionuclides: Part 3. Ann ICRP. 2017;46;3-4:1–486. doi: 10.1177/0146645317734963.
5. Paquet F., Bailey M.R., Leggett R.W., Etherington G., Blanchardon E., Smith T., Ratia G., Melo D., Fell T.P., Berkovski V., Harrison J.D. ICRP Publication 141: Occupational Intakes of Radionuclides: Part 4. Ann ICRP. 2019;48;2-3:9 – 501. doi: 10.1177/0146645319834139.
6. ICRP. Guide for the Practical Application of the ICRP Human Respiratory Tract Model. ICRP Supporting Guidance 3. Ann. ICRP. 2002;32:1-2. URL: https://www.icrp.org/publication.asp?id=ICRP%20Supporting%20Guidance%203 (Date of Access 18.03.2025)
7. ICRP. Limits for Intakes of Radionuclides by Workers. ICRP Publication 30 (Supplement to Part 1). Ann. ICRP. 1979;3:1-4. URL: https://www.icrp.org/publication.asp?id=ICRP%20Publication%2030%20(Supplement%20to%20Part%201) (Date of Access 18.03.2025).
8. ICRP. Human Alimentary Tract Model for Radiological Protection. ICRP Publication 100. Ann. ICRP. 2006;36:1-2. URL: https://www.icrp.org/publication.asp?id=ICRP%20Publication%20100 (Date of Access 18.03.2025).
9. Сокольников М.Э., Кабирова Н.Р., Окатенко П.В., Кошурникова Н.А., Царева Ю.В., Мартиненко И.А., Денисова Е.В. Медико-дозиметрический регистр персонала производственного объединения «Маяк»: состояние и перспективы // Вопросы радиационной безопасности. 2023. Т.3. №111. С. 42–55 [Sokol’nikov M.E., Kabirova N.R., Okatenko P.V., Koshurnikova N.A., Tsareva YU.V., Martinenko I.A., Denisova Ye.V. Medical and Dosimetric Register of Personnel of the Mayak Production Association: Status and Prospects. Voprosy Radiatsionnoy Bezopasnosti = Radiation Safety Problems. 2023;3;111:42–55 (In Russ)].
10. Tirmarche M., Apostoaei I., Blanchardon E., Ellis E.D., Gilbert E., Harrison J.D., Laurier D., Marsh J.W., Sokolnikov M., Wakeford R., Zhivin S. ICRP Publication 150: Cancer Risks from Plutonium and Uranium Exposure. Ann ICRP. 2021;50;4:1–143. doi: 10.1177/01466453211028020.
11. Sokolnikov M., Preston D., Gilbert E., Schonfeld S., Koshurnikova N. Radiation Effects on Mortality from Solid Cancers other than Lung, Liver, and Bone Cancer in the Mayak Worker Cohort: 1948-2008. PLoS One. 2015;26;10;2:e0117784. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117784. URL: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4342229/ (Date of Access 18.03.2025).
12. Kuznetsova I.S., Labutina E.V., Hunter N. Radiation Risks of Leukemia, Lymphoma and Multiple Myeloma Incidence in the Mayak Cohort: 1948-2004. PLoS One. 2016;11;9:e0162710. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162710. URL: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0162710 (Date of Access 18.03.2025).
13. Sokolnikov M.E., Gilbert E.S., Preston D.L., Ron E., Shilnikova N.S., Khokhryakov V.V., Vasilenko E.K., Koshurnikova N.A. Lung, liver and Bone Cancer Mortality in Mayak Workers. Int J Cancer. 2008;15;123;4:905–911. doi: 10.1002/ijc.23581.
14. Gilbert E.S., Sokolnikov M.E., Preston D.L., Schonfeld S.J., Schadilov A.E., Vasilenko E.K., Koshurnikova N.A. Lung Cancer Risks from Plutonium: an Updated Analysis of Data from the Mayak Worker Cohort. Radiat. Res. 2013;179;3:332–342.
15. Сокольников М.Э., Востротин В.В., Ефимов А.В., Василенко Е.К., Романов С.А. Пожизненный риск смерти от рака лёгкого при различных сценариях ингаляционного поступления 239Pu // Радиация и риск (Бюллетень НРЭР). 2015. Т. 24. № 3. С. 59–69 [Sokol’nikov M.E., Vostrotin V.V., Yefimov A.V., Vasilenko Ye.K., Romanov S.A. Lifetime Risk of Death from Lung Cancer Under Different Scenarios of Inhalation Intake of 239Pu. Radiatsiya i Risk (Byulleten’ NRER) = Radiation and Risk. 2015;24;3:59-69 (In Russ.)].
16. Thomas D., Darby S., Fagnani F., Hubert P., Vaeth M., Weiss K. Definition and Estimation of Lifetime Detriment from Radiation Exposures: Principles and Methods. Health Physics. 1992;63;3:259–72.
17. Труды МКРЗ. Публикация 103 МКРЗ. Рекомендации 2007 года Международной Комиссии по Радиационной Защите / Под ред. М.Ф. Киселева и Н.К. Шандалы. М., 2009. 344 с.[Trudy MKRZ. Publikatsiya 103 MKRZ. Rekomendatsii 2007 Goda Mezhdunarodnoy Komissii po Radiatsionnoy Zashchite = Proceedings of the ICRP. Publication 103 ICRP. 2007 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiation Protection. Ed. M.F. Kiselev, N.K. Shandala. Moscow Publ., 2009. 344 p. (In Russ.)]
18. Меняйло А.Н., Чекин С.Ю., Кащеев В.В., Максютов М.А., Корело А.М., Туманов К. А., Пряхин Е.А., Ловачев С.С., Карпенко С.В., Кащеева П.В., Иванов В.К. Пожизненный радиационный риск в результате внешнего и внутреннего облучения: метод оценки // Радиация и риск (Бюллетень НРЭР). 2018. Т. 27. №1. С. 8-21 [Menyaylo A.N., Chekin S.YU., Kashcheyev V.V., Maksyutov M.A., Korelo A.M., Tumanov K.A., Pryakhin Ye.A., Lovachev S.S., Karpenko S.V., Kashcheyeva P.V., Ivanov V.K. Lifetime Radiation Risk Due to External and Internal Irradiation: Assessment Method. Radiatsiya i Risk (Byulleten’ NRER) = Radiation and Risk. 2018;27;1:8-21 (In Russ.)].
19. Harrison J.D., Balonov M., Martin C.J., Ortiz Lopez P., Menzel H.G., Simmonds J.R., Smith-Bindman R., Wakeford R. Use of Effective Dose. Annals of the ICRP. 2016;45;1: 215–224. doi:10.1177/0146645316634566.
PDF (RUS) Full-text article (in Russian)
Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Financing. State assignment for carrying out applied research work on the topic "Ensuring Individual Dosimetric Control of Personnel at the Mining and Chemical Plant" (code "IDK MCP 25"; code-11.001.25.800).
Contribution. I.S. Kuznetsova – calculations and article writing, M.E. Sokolnikov – research design, A.V. Efimov – research concept, A.B. Sokolova – dose assessment and scientific editing.
Article received: 20.07.2025. Accepted for publication: 25.08.2025.