JOURNAL DESCRIPTION
The Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety journal ISSN 1024-6177 was founded in January 1956 (before December 30, 1993 it was entitled Medical Radiology, ISSN 0025-8334). In 2018, the journal received Online ISSN: 2618-9615 and was registered as an electronic online publication in Roskomnadzor on March 29, 2018. It publishes original research articles which cover questions of radiobiology, radiation medicine, radiation safety, radiation therapy, nuclear medicine and scientific reviews. In general the journal has more than 30 headings and it is of interest for specialists working in thefields of medicine¸ radiation biology, epidemiology, medical physics and technology. Since July 01, 2008 the journal has been published by State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency. The founder from 1956 to the present time is the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, and from 2008 to the present time is the Federal Medical Biological Agency.
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Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2017. Vol. 62. No. 6. P. 34-38
RADIATION SAFETY
DOI: 10.12737/article_5a2534e207ddc6.86154973
Radiological Aspects of Liquid Radioactive Waste Management from Nuclear Power Plants Operation
O.A. Kochetkov1, E.A. Ivanov2, D.A. Sharov2
1. A.I. Burnazyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Moscow, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. ; 2. All-Russian Scientific Research Institute for Nuclear Power Plants Operation Moscow, Russia.
O.A. Kochetkov – Head of Lab., PhD Tech, FMBA Expert, Member of RSCRP; E.A. Ivanov – Deputy Director, PhD Tech, Member of RSCRP, Member of Nuclear Society of Russia; D.A. Sharov – Head of Dep. of Radiation Safety, Ecology and Occupational Safety, PhD Phys.-Math.
Abstract
Purpose: The prospects and scale of the further development of nuclear energy depend to a large extent on the solution of the radioactive waste management (RW) problem. Special attention is given to management of the liquid radioactive waste (LRW), which poses the main potential hazard to the public and the environment, since LRW storage can lead to leaks into the environment.
The purpose of the paper is to examine the radiological aspects of LRW management from nuclear power plants (NPPs) operation and to study the influence of the list of radionuclides controlled in RW on the evaluation of the efficiency of LRW treatment technology and on the validity of radioactive waste characterization and classification.
Material and methods: The work is based on analysis of public materials (scientific publications, legal documents, international standards, recommendations of international organizations) in the area of LRW treatment and conditioning technologies, and methods of radioactive waste characterization, including information about accepted lists of controlled radionuclides.
Results: It is shown that an unreasonable reduction of the list of controlled radionuclides can lead to a significant underestimation of the radiological hazard of RW packages transferred for disposal. In order to optimize the volume of RW radiation control, the radionuclide vector technology was proposed. It is stated that the technology is not universal and its application in each specific case requires additional justification. It is shown that the correctness of accounting for the radiological characteristics of radioactive waste can significantly influence the evaluation of the efficiency of the radioactive waste treatment technology. A possible approach to determining the acceptability of LRW treatment technology based on the characteristics of the final products formed is suggested.
Conclusions: There is no universal approach to solve the problems of LRW treatment at the moment. A survey of the characteristics of LRW (chemical, physical, radiation) accumulated and formed during the operation of NPP with various types of reactors (VVER, RBMK, BN) should be performed to determine the initial requirements for LRW treatment technologies. A comprehensive analysis of the efficiency of LRW treatment technologies at all Russian NPPs is of interest with taking into account radionuclides that determine the radiological hazard of radioactive waste after the final disposal.
Key words: radioactive waste, liquid radioactive waste, nuclear power plant, radionuclide, radiological hazard, treatment technologies, selective sorption
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For citation: Kochetkov OA, Ivanov EA, Sharov DA. Radiological Aspects of Liquid Radioactive Waste Management from Nuclear Power Plants Operation. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2017;62(6):34-8. Russian. DOI: 10.12737/article_5a2534e207ddc6.86154973
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