SCIENTIFIC AND INFORMATION-ANALYTICAL MAGAZINE

ISSN 1024-6177 (Print), ISSN 2618-9615 (Online)

Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2013. Vol. 58. No. 3. P. 5-23

RADIATION SAFETY

J.A. Jones1, M. Epperly2, J. Law3, R. Scheuring3, C. Montesinos4, D. Popov5, V. Maliev6, K. Prasad7, J. Greenberg2

SPACE RADIATION HAZARDS AND STRATEGIES FOR ASTRONAUT/COSMONAUT PROTECTION

1. Center for space medicine / Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. ; 2. Dept. Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, PIttsburgh, PA, USA; 3. NASA/Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA; 4. Amerisciences, inc., Houston, TX USA; 5. Advanced Medical Technologies and Systems, Richmond Hills, Ontario, CA, USA; 6. Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladicaucas, Russia; 7. Premier Micronutrient Corporation, Palo Alto, CA, USA

Abstract

Purpose: 1. Discuss the sources of radiation injury and roles of oxidative stress and radiation toxicity. 2. Define the exposure environment of astronauts and cosmonauts working in space and on future exploration-class missions. 3. Review the development of countermeasures for oxidative stress, radiation toxicity and radiation exposure for workers in extreme environments.

Methods: Multiple placebo-controlled, randomized prospective studies have been conducted which have studied the therapeutic and radioprotection effects of various oral, parenteral and combination countermeasures on the biological consequences and survival rates after acute and chronic radiation exposure.

Results: Discussion: Employing oral chemoprevention formulas, parenterally administered MnSOD-plasmid liposomes, and hyperimmune serum and vaccines directed on radiation-induced toxins, have resulted in reduced lipid peroxidation and DNA damage, as well as increased survival in cell cultures and whole animals receiving acute high-dose radiation exposures. Each of these strategies, alone and in combination, deserve further investigation in the pursuit of effective countermeasures and treatment for occupational exposures which induce oxidative damage.

Key words: Radiation, Space Medicine, Space Environmental Hazards, Oxidative Damage, Countermeasures

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For citation: Jones JA, Epperly M, Law J, Scheuring R, Montesinos C, Popov D, Maliev V, Prasad K, Greenberg J. Space Radiation Hazards and Strategies for Astronaut/Cosmonaut Protection. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2013;58(3):5-23.

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