SCIENTIFIC AND INFORMATION-ANALYTICAL MAGAZINE

ISSN 1024-6177 (Print), ISSN 2618-9615 (Online)

Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2026. Vol. 71. № 2

DOI:10.33266/1024-6177-2026-71-2-53-65

A.N. Koterov1, L.N. Ushenkova1, A.A. Wainson2, O.A. Tikhonova1,
A.S. Kretov1, O.V. Parinov1, A.O. Lebedev1, A.Yu. Bushmanov1

Suicide Risk Among Nuclear Workers: Differences for Male and Female are Inverse to Population-Based Results (Synthetic Study). Report 1. Problem Statement, Search for Sources, and Characteristic of the Sample

1 A.I. Burnazyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Moscow, Russia

2 N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia

Contact person: Alexey N. Koterov, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

 

Abstract

Suicide rate is considered an index of social and professional well-being/ill-being. Therefore, studying this index among nuclear workers (NW), a group subordinate to the Federal Medical-Biological Agency of the Russian Federation, is relevant both for image-building purposes and for optimizing psychological support for this category of workers. This two-report cycle (a synthetic study) presents a systematic review, followed by a meta-analysis and pooled analysis, for suicide risk among NW in different countries and gender patterns of this risk (Standardized Mortality Ratio (SMR) compared to the general population).

This Report 1 presents, first, a search methodology for sources in a supported bibliographic database for NW in different countries, including PubMed, Embase, Google Scholar, eLibrary, and the reference lists of identified publications. The primary sample, generated based on the search results for all the specified types, totaled 556 sources (many duplicates), allowing for visual analysis of all of them during subsequent selection.

Second, the stages of processing the resulting sample in preparation for meta- and pooled analyses are described (selection of studies with only SMR indexes, only the most recent chronological publications for the studied cohorts, elimination of outliers in the samples, and assessment of the epidemiological quality of the remaining studies).

None of the four identified USSR/Russian studies (all for the PO ‘Mayak’) were included in the systematic review due to the lack of the necessary risk index. Nevertheless, some qualitative conclusions were reached, according to which, with overexposure to NW from the PO ‘Mayak’ (up to more than 1 and 4 Gy in two studies), an increased risk of suicide was observed; in the absence of high exposure levels, the unweighted risk index was not increased compared to the general population for male. A reverse ‘gender paradox’ was also observed, with the fatal suicide rate among female NW at the PO ‘Mayak’ being higher than among males, while a direct ‘gender paradox’ (a multiple higher suicide rate for males and a multiple higher rate of suicide attempts for females) has been described for the populations of almost all countries since the 19th century.

For foreign NWs, two study samples were created, corresponding to 15 nuclear installations (from five countries; 62% from the USA) for both male NW and female NW (coincidence). Further meta-analyses and pooled analyses of SMR for suicides in foreign NW, as well as a comparison of their risk for male and female cohorts to test for the reverse ‘gender paradox’, will be presented in Report 2.

Keywords: nuclear workers, fatal suicides, systematic review

For citation: Koterov AN, Ushenkova LN, Wainson AA, Tikhonova OA, Kretov AS, Parinov OV, Lebedev AO, Bushmanov AYu. Suicide Risk Among Nuclear Workers: Differences for Male and Female are Inverse to Population-Based Results (Synthetic Study). Report 1. Problem Statement, Search for Sources, and Characteristic of the Sample. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2026;71(2):53–65. DOI:10.33266/1024-6177-2026-71-2-53-65

 

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Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Financing. The study had no sponsorship.

Contribution. Article was prepared with equal participation of the authors.

Article received: 20.01.2026. Accepted for publication: 25.02.2026.

 

 

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