JOURNAL DESCRIPTION
The Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety journal ISSN 1024-6177 was founded in January 1956 (before December 30, 1993 it was entitled Medical Radiology, ISSN 0025-8334). In 2018, the journal received Online ISSN: 2618-9615 and was registered as an electronic online publication in Roskomnadzor on March 29, 2018. It publishes original research articles which cover questions of radiobiology, radiation medicine, radiation safety, radiation therapy, nuclear medicine and scientific reviews. In general the journal has more than 30 headings and it is of interest for specialists working in thefields of medicine¸ radiation biology, epidemiology, medical physics and technology. Since July 01, 2008 the journal has been published by State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency. The founder from 1956 to the present time is the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, and from 2008 to the present time is the Federal Medical Biological Agency.
Members of the editorial board are scientists specializing in the field of radiation biology and medicine, radiation protection, radiation epidemiology, radiation oncology, radiation diagnostics and therapy, nuclear medicine and medical physics. The editorial board consists of academicians (members of the Russian Academy of Science (RAS)), the full member of Academy of Medical Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, corresponding members of the RAS, Doctors of Medicine, professor, candidates and doctors of biological, physical mathematics and engineering sciences. The editorial board is constantly replenished by experts who work in the CIS and foreign countries.
Six issues of the journal are published per year, the volume is 13.5 conventional printed sheets, 88 printer’s sheets, 1.000 copies. The journal has an identical full-text electronic version, which, simultaneously with the printed version and color drawings, is posted on the sites of the Scientific Electronic Library (SEL) and the journal's website. The journal is distributed through the Rospechat Agency under the contract № 7407 of June 16, 2006, through individual buyers and commercial structures. The publication of articles is free.
The journal is included in the List of Russian Reviewed Scientific Journals of the Higher Attestation Commission. Since 2008 the journal has been available on the Internet and indexed in the RISC database which is placed on Web of Science. Since February 2nd, 2018, the journal "Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety" has been indexed in the SCOPUS abstract and citation database.
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The main working language of the journal is Russian, an additional language is English, which is used to write titles of articles, information about authors, annotations, key words, a list of literature.
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The two-year impact factor of RISC, according to data for 2017, was 0.439, taking into account citation from all sources - 0.570, and the five-year impact factor of RISC - 0.352.
Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2023. Vol. 68. № 2
DOI: 10.33266/1024-6177-2023-68-2-60-66
N.A. Metlyaeva, A.Yu. Bushmanov, I.A. Galstyan, O.V. Shcherbatykh,
M.V. Konchalovsky, F.S. Torubarov, V.V. Korenykov, D.S. Yunanov
Features of the Clinical Course of Acute Radiation Sickness of Middle Gravity Due to Short-Term External Extremely Ununiform Gamma-Neutron Exposure and Local Radiation Injuries of the Lower Limb and the Right Arm of Iii and Iv Severity
A.I. Burnazyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Moscow, Russia
Contact person: N.A. Metlyaeva, e-mail:
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ABSTRACT
Purpose: The purpose of the work is to assess acute radiation sickness of moderate severity from short-term external extremely uneven gamma-neutron irradiation and local radiation injuries of the lower extremities and right hand of III and IV severity.
Material and methods: Patient T., born in 1940, at the age of 25, began working from 1965 to 1968 as an apparatchik in plant No. 1 of department 20 at Production Association «Mayak» in contact with plutonium. On December 10, 1968, at 11:30 p.m., the accident occurred. The victim was at a distance of about 50 cm from the source, which was below and mostly to the right of him. The patient was exposed to short-term exposure to neutrons and gamma radiation. A few minutes later, numbness appeared in the right half of the trunk and extremities. Twenty-five minutes later, vomiting appeared, vomiting was repeated: 8 times before admission to the hospital, at the health center, after washing in the shower, in the hospital. Made gastric lavage, intravenous administration of pentacin, diphenhydramine, glucose, bloodletting (500 ml), twice transfused blood (250 ml each), polyglucin (500 ml), promedol, atropine. On examination, slight hyperemia of the right half of the face, injection of the sclera was noted. In the blood test, made for the first time after 2 and a half hours from the start of the events, there were 9000 leukocytes, lymphocytes – 15 %. On the morning of December 11, 1968, the patient complained of a burning sensation in the right half of his face; repeated vomiting. There were 7600 leukocytes at that time. The victim was offered to go to the 6th Clinical Hospital in Moscow (Sector No. 9 of the Institute of Biophysics), the patient agreed.
Examination results: A clinical description of acute radiation sickness of moderate severity from short-term external extremely uneven gamma-neutron irradiation and local radiation injuries of the lower extremities and right arm of III and IV severity is given. The features of the clinical picture of radiation sickness were entirely determined by the nature of the acting radiation factor and the position of the radiation source in relation to the victim and the associated topography of the lesion. Irradiation was directed from bottom to top and from right to left, hence the difference in exposure doses: on the right, the dose changed from bottom to top from more than 2500 rad (foot, lower leg, right hand) to less than 250–300 rad (in the head region), while in the middle – in the area from the iliac crest to the costal arch – the dose exceeded 500 rad on the left; from bottom to top, the drop occurred from a dose close to 2000 rad (foot and lower third of the lower leg) to 460 rad (in the anterior spine of the left ilium). The neutron nature of the acting radiation factor caused damage to surface tissues and visceral organs and bone marrow, the latter to a lesser extent due to the smaller contribution of the gamma factor to this accident.
Conclusion: The primary reaction and laboratory data of the first days of the disease indicated a severe lesion. However, the hematological syndrome was not severe. If it were not for the pain syndrome associated with an extremely severe local injury, the general condition of the patient would not have been so severe. Local trauma, which endangered the life of the patient, led him to a deep disability. Therefore, despite the average severity of the hematological syndrome, this form of acute radiation sickness was regarded as severe. The weakening of the hematological syndrome, apparently, was caused by the extreme severity of the local injury, which played the role of a hematopoiesis stimulator.
Keywords: accident exposure, acute radiation sickness, local radiation injury, plutonium-239 incorporation
For citation: Metlyaeva NA, Bushmanov AYu, Galstyan IA, Shcherbatykh OV, Konchalovsky MV, Torubarov FS, Korenykov VV, Yunanov DS. Features of the Clinical Course of Acute Radiation Sickness of Middle Gravity Due to Short-Term External Extremely Ununiform Gamma-Neutron Exposure and Local Radiation Injuries of the Lower Limb and the Right Arm of Iii and Iv Severity. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2023;68(2):60–66. (In Russian). DOI: 10.33266/1024-6177-2023-68-2-60-66
References
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2. Larin V.I. Kombinat Mayak - Problema na Veka = The Mayak Plant Is a Problem for Centuries. Moscow Publ., 2001. 504 p. (In Russ.).
3. Pyatkin Ye.K., Baranov A.Ye., Nugis V.Yu. Predicting the Severity of Bone Marrow Damage Based on the Results of a Cytogenetic Study of Pha-Stimulated Lymphocyte Cultures in Individuals Exposed to Accidental Exposure to Gamma Radiation (1987). V.2. Byulleten Radiatsionnoy Meditsiny = Bulletin of Radiation Medicine. Moscow, A.I. Burnasyan FMBC Publ., 2016. P. 445-457 (In Russ.).
4. Baranov A.Ye. On the Determination of the Equivalent Dose to the Bone Marrow During General Non-Uniform Human Irradiation (1974). V.1. Byulleten Radiatsionnoy Meditsiny = Bulletin of Radiation Medicine. Moscow, A.I. Burnasyan FMBC Publ., 2016, P. 364-376 (In Russ.).
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6. Vorobyev A.I., Brilliant M.D., Drutman R.D., et al. Restoration of the Position of Victims in an Emergency and Dose Loads on Certain Parts of the Body (According to Biological and Physical Dosimetry) (1974). V.2. Byulleten Radiatsionnoy Meditsiny = Bulletin of Radiation Medicine. Moscow, A.I. Burnasyan FMBC Publ., 2016, P. 353-368 (In Russ.).
PDF (RUS) Full-text article (in Russian)
Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Financing. The study had no sponsorship.
Contribution. Article was prepared with equal participation of the authors.
Article received: 20.11.2022. Accepted for publication: 25.01.2023.