JOURNAL DESCRIPTION
The Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety journal ISSN 1024-6177 was founded in January 1956 (before December 30, 1993 it was entitled Medical Radiology, ISSN 0025-8334). In 2018, the journal received Online ISSN: 2618-9615 and was registered as an electronic online publication in Roskomnadzor on March 29, 2018. It publishes original research articles which cover questions of radiobiology, radiation medicine, radiation safety, radiation therapy, nuclear medicine and scientific reviews. In general the journal has more than 30 headings and it is of interest for specialists working in thefields of medicine¸ radiation biology, epidemiology, medical physics and technology. Since July 01, 2008 the journal has been published by State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency. The founder from 1956 to the present time is the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, and from 2008 to the present time is the Federal Medical Biological Agency.
Members of the editorial board are scientists specializing in the field of radiation biology and medicine, radiation protection, radiation epidemiology, radiation oncology, radiation diagnostics and therapy, nuclear medicine and medical physics. The editorial board consists of academicians (members of the Russian Academy of Science (RAS)), the full member of Academy of Medical Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, corresponding members of the RAS, Doctors of Medicine, professor, candidates and doctors of biological, physical mathematics and engineering sciences. The editorial board is constantly replenished by experts who work in the CIS and foreign countries.
Six issues of the journal are published per year, the volume is 13.5 conventional printed sheets, 88 printer’s sheets, 1.000 copies. The journal has an identical full-text electronic version, which, simultaneously with the printed version and color drawings, is posted on the sites of the Scientific Electronic Library (SEL) and the journal's website. The journal is distributed through the Rospechat Agency under the contract № 7407 of June 16, 2006, through individual buyers and commercial structures. The publication of articles is free.
The journal is included in the List of Russian Reviewed Scientific Journals of the Higher Attestation Commission. Since 2008 the journal has been available on the Internet and indexed in the RISC database which is placed on Web of Science. Since February 2nd, 2018, the journal "Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety" has been indexed in the SCOPUS abstract and citation database.
Brief electronic versions of the Journal have been publicly available since 2005 on the website of the Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety Journal: http://www.medradiol.ru. Since 2011, all issues of the journal as a whole are publicly available, and since 2016 - full-text versions of scientific articles. Since 2005, subscribers can purchase full versions of other articles of any issue only through the National Electronic Library. The editor of the Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety Journal in accordance with the National Electronic Library agreement has been providing the Library with all its production since 2005 until now.
The main working language of the journal is Russian, an additional language is English, which is used to write titles of articles, information about authors, annotations, key words, a list of literature.
Since 2017 the journal Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety has switched to digital identification of publications, assigning to each article the identifier of the digital object (DOI), which greatly accelerated the search for the location of the article on the Internet. In future it is planned to publish the English-language version of the journal Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety for its development. In order to obtain information about the publication activity of the journal in March 2015, a counter of readers' references to the materials posted on the site from 2005 to the present which is placed on the journal's website. During 2015 - 2016 years on average there were no more than 100-170 handlings per day. Publication of a number of articles, as well as electronic versions of profile monographs and collections in the public domain, dramatically increased the number of handlings to the journal's website to 500 - 800 per day, and the total number of visits to the site at the end of 2017 was more than 230.000.
The two-year impact factor of RISC, according to data for 2017, was 0.439, taking into account citation from all sources - 0.570, and the five-year impact factor of RISC - 0.352.
Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2023. Vol. 68. № 4
DOI: 10.33266/1024-6177-2023-68-4-14-19
A.S. Samoylov, O.A. Kochetkov, V.N. Klochkov, V.G. Barchukov, S.M. Shinkarev
The Main Directions of Improving the Current Standards and Rules to Provide Radiation Safety. Part 1. Scale of the Problem and Ways to Solve It
A.I. Burnazyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Moscow, Russia
Contact person: V.N. Klochkov, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
ABSTRACT
Purpose: To justify the necessity to update the radiation safety standards in our country and to propose the main directions for revising the Russian regulatory framework in the field of radiation safety.
Material and methods: This paper considers the phases of development of the radiation safety regulation system in Russia. It is noted that for the first time a full-fledged three-level system of radiation safety regulation was created in Russia in the early 2000s. A generalized analysis of new international documents in the field of radiation safety system, which are worth using in the Russian regulatory framework, is presented.
Results: The main directions of the revision of the Russian regulatory framework in the field of radiation safety are:
introduction of new concepts and current terminology;
introduction of “soft” standards, which are reference levels and the so-called “dose constraints” (it is desirable to give this term a different Russian name);
updating the principles and standards of emergency response;
updating the dose coefficients taking into account new biokinetic models, extension of the list of radionuclides and pathways;
introduction of special approaches in the field of internal dosimetry and regulation of radiation protection of workers under management of radionuclides with a long effective half-life of clearance from the human body (isotopes of plutonium and 90Sr);
use of principles and standards according to the concept of exclusion, exemption, and clearance to justify the criteria for classifying various media as radioactive waste and waste with a high content of radionuclides;
development of standards and rules for maintaining the radiation safety of workers and the public during the decommissioning of radiation facilities and the rehabilitation of contaminated areas.
Conclusion: For the successful implementation of the work to be done, it is important to combine the efforts of the Russian scientists and practitioners who have accumulated extensive experience in the field of radiation safety. The high potential of the Russian specialists makes it possible to carry out this work in a short time. A necessary condition for the implementation of these works is the introduction of amendments to the Federal Law of 09.01.1996 No. 3-FL «On Radiation Safety of the Public».
Keywords: radiation safety, ionizing radiation, radiation safety regulation, regulatory framework, workers, public
For citation: Samoylov AS, Kochetkov OA, Klochkov VN, Barchukov VG, Shinkarev SM. The Main Directions of Improving the Current Standards and Rules to Provide Radiation Safety. Part 1. Scale of the Problem and Ways to Solve It. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2023;68(4):14–19. (In Russian). DOI:10.33266/1024-6177-2023-68-4-14-19
References
1. Kochetkov O.A., Klochkov V.N., Samoylov A.S., Shandala N.K. Harmonization of the Russian Federation Legislation with Current International Recommendations. Meditsinskaya Radiologiya i Radiatsionnaya Bezopasnost = Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2021;66;6:111–115. DOI: 10.12737/1024-6177-2021-66-6-111-115 (In Russ.).
2. Kochetkov O.A., Klochkov V.N., Samoylov A.S., Shandala N.K., Barchukov V.G., Shinkarev S.M. General Principles of Legal, Standard and Methodical Regulation of Radiation Safety. Meditsinskaya Radiologiya i Radiatsionnaya Bezopasnost = Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2022;67;1:19–26. DOI: 10.12737/1024-6177-2022-67-1-19-26 (In Russ.).
3. Klochkov V.N., Shinkarev S.M., Kochetkov O.A., Barchukov V.G., Simakov A.V. To the Discussion on Amendments to NRB-99/2009 and OSPORB-99/2010. Meditsinskaya Radiologiya i Radiatsionnaya Bezopasnost = Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2023;68;2:95-98. DOI:10.33266/1024-6177-2023-68-2-95-98 (In Russ.).
4. Hygiene Standards. HS 2.6.1.054-96. Radiation Safety Standards NRB-96. Approved and Put into Effect by the Decree of the State Committee for Sanitary and Epidemiological Supervision of Russia Dated April 19, 1996 No. 7 (In Russ.).
5. SP 2.6.1.758-99. Hygiene Standards. Radiation Safety Standards NRB-99. Approved by the Chief State Doctor of the Russian Federation G.G. Onishchenko 02.07.1999 (In Russ.).
6. SP 2.6.1.799-99. Basic Sanitary Rules for Maintaining Radiation Safety OSPORB-99. Approved by the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation G.G. Onishchenko 27.12.1999 (In Russ.).
7. ICRP Publication 60. 1990 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. Ann. ICRP. 1991;21;1–3:1-201.
8. Safety Series No. 115. International Basic Safety Standards for Protection Against Ionizing Radiation and for the Safety of Radiation Sources. Vienna, IAEA, 1996.
9. SanPin 2.6.1.2523–09. Radiation Safety Standards NRB-99/2009. Approved by the Decree of the Chief State Doctor of the Russian Federation G.G. Onishchenko 07.07.2009 No. 47 (In Russ.).
10. Sanitary Rules and Standards SP 2.6.1.2612-10. Basic Sanitary Rules for Maintaining Radiation Safety OSPORB-99/2010. Approved by the Decree of the Chief State Doctor of the Russian Federation G.G. Onishchenko 26.04.2010 No. 40 (In Revision Amendments No. 1, Approved by the Decree of the Chief State Doctor of the Russian Federation 16.09. 2013 No. 43 (In Russ.).
11. Metodicheskoye Obespecheniye Radiatsionnogo Kontrolya v Shesti Tomakh = Methodological Provision of Radiation Monitoring in Six Volumes. Moscow, Doza Publ., 2015-2019 (In Russ.).
12. ICRP Publication 103. The 2007 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. Ann. ICRP. 2007;37;2-4.
13. IAEA Safety Standards Series No. SF-1. Fundamental Safety Principles: Safety Fundamentals. Vienna, IAEA, 2006.
14. ICRP Publication 147. Use of Dose Quantities in Radiological Protection. Ann. ICRP. 2021;50;1.
15. ICRP Publication 130: Occupational Intakes of Radionuclides: Part 1. Ann. ICRP. 2015;44; 2:5-188.
16. ICRP Publication 134: Occupational Intakes of Radionuclides: Part 2. Ann. ICRP. 2016;45;3-4:7–349.
17. ICRP Publication 137: Occupational Intakes of Radionuclides: Part 3. Ann. ICRP. 2017;46;3-4:1-486.
18. ICRP Publication 141: Occupational Intakes of Radionuclides: Part 4. Ann. ICRP. 2019;48;2-3.
19. ICRP Publication 151. Occupational Intakes of Radionuclides: Part 5. Ann. ICRP. 2022;51; 1–2.
20. ICRP Publication 30. Limits for Intakes of Radionuclides by Workers. Part 1. Ann. ICRP. 1979;2;3-4.
21. ICRP Publication 30. Limits for Intakes of Radionuclides by Workers. Part 2. Ann. ICRP. 1980;4;3-4.
22. ICRP Publication 30. Limits for Intakes of Radionuclides by Workers. Part 3. Ann. ICRP. 1981;6;2-3.
23. ICRP Publication 30. Limits for Intakes of Radionuclides by Workers: An Addendum. Part 4. Ann. ICRP. 1988;19;4.
24. ICRP Publication 30. Limits for Intakes of Radionuclides by Workers. Index. Ann. ICRP. 1982;8;4.
25. ICRP Publication 54. Individual Monitoring for Intakes of Radionuclides by Workers. Ann. ICRP. 1989;19;1-3.
26. ICRP Publication 68. Dose Coefficients for Intakes of Radionuclides by Workers. Ann. ICRP. 1994;24;4.
27. ICRP Publication 78. Individual Monitoring for Internal Exposure of Workers. Ann. ICRP. 1997;27;3-4.
28. ICRP Publication 150: Cancer Risk from Exposure to Plutonium and Uranium Exposure. Ann. ICRP. 2021;50;4:1-143.
29. ICRP Publication 126. Radiological Protection against Radon Exposure. Ann. ICRP. 2014;43;3.
30. ICRP Publication 115. Lung Cancer Risk from Radon and Progeny and Statement on Radon. Ann. ICRP. 2010;40;1.
31. ICRP Publication 109. Application of the Commission’s Recommendations for the Protection of People in Emergency Exposure Situations. Ann. ICRP. 2009;39;1.
32. ICRP Publication 111. Application of the Commission’s Recommendations to the Protection of People Living in Long-term Contaminated Areas after a Nuclear Accident or a Radiation Emergency. Ann. ICRP. 2009;39;3.
33. ICRP Publication 146. Radiological Protection of People and the Environment in the Event of a Large Nuclear Accident: Update of ICRP Publications 109 and 111. Ann. ICRP. 2020;49;4.
34. ICRP Publication 116. Conversion Coefficients for Radiological Protection Quantities for External Radiation Exposures. Ann. ICRP. 2010;40;2-5.
35. ICRP Publication 132. Radiological Protection from Cosmic Radiation in Aviation. Ann. ICRP. 2016;45;1:1–48.
36. ICRP Publication 142. Radiological Protection from Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORM) in Industrial Processes. Ann. ICRP. 2019;48;4.
37. ICRP Publication 152. Radiation Detriment Calculation Methodology. Ann. ICRP. 2022;51;3.
38. IAEA Safety Standards Series No. GSR Part 3. Radiation Protection and Safety of Radiation Sources: International Basic Safety Standards. Vienna, International Atomic Energy Agency, 2014.
39. Application of the Concepts of Exclusion, Exemption and Clearance: Safety Guide. Vienna, International Atomic Energy Agency, 2004. ISBN 92-0-109404-3.
40. Derivation of Activity Concentration Values for Exclusion, Exemption and Clearance. Vienna, International Atomic Energy Agency, 2005. ISBN 92–0–113104–6.
40. IAEA-EPR. Actions to Protect the Public in an Emergency due to Severe Conditions at a Light Water Reactor. EPR-NPP-PPA. Vienna, IAEA, 2013.
41. ICRP Publication 111. Application of the Commission’s Recommendations to the Protection of People Living in Long-term Contaminated Areas after a Nuclear Accident or a Radiation Emergency. Ann. ICRP. 2009;39;3.
42. IAEA Nuclear Energy Series No. NW-T-2.10. Decommissioning after a Nuclear Accident: Approaches, Techniques, Practices and Implementation Considerations. Vienna, IAEA, 2019. STI/PUB/1811. ISSN 1995–7807.
43. IAEA-EPR. Actions to Protect the Public in an Emergency due to Severe Conditions at a Light Water Reactor. EPR-NPP-PPA. Vienna, IAEA, 2013.
44. ICRP Publication 111. Application of the Commission’s Recommendations to the Protection of People Living in Long-term Contaminated Areas after a Nuclear Accident or a Radiation Emergency. Ann. ICRP. 2009;39;3.
45. IAEA Nuclear Energy Series No. NW-T-2.10. Decommissioning after a Nuclear Accident: Approaches, Techniques, Practices and Implementation Considerations. Vienna, IAEA, 2019. STI/PUB/1811. ISSN 1995–7807.
46. IAEA Safety Standards Series No. GSG‑15. General Safety Guide. IAEA Safety Standards for protecting people and the environment. Remediation Strategy and Process for Areas affected by Past Activities or Events. IAEA, Vienna, 2022. STI/PUB 1969.
47. IAEA Nuclear Safety and Security Glossary. Terminology Used in Nuclear Safety, Nuclear Security, Radiation Protection and Emergency Preparedness and Response. Vienna, IAEA, 2022. ISBN 978–92–0–141122–8 (pdf).
48. International Nuclear Verification Series No. 3 (Rev. 1). IAEA Safeguards Glossary. 2022 Edition Vienna, IAEA, 2022. ISBN 978–92–0–122222–0 (pdf). STI/PUB/2003.
49. IAEA Safety Glossary. Terminology Used in Nuclear Safety and Radiation Protection. 2018 Edition. Vienna, IAEA, 2019. STI/PUB/1830. ISBN 978–92–0–104718–2.
50. IAEA Nuclear Safety and Security Glossary. Terminology Used in Nuclear Safety, Nuclear Security, Radiation Protection and Emergency Preparedness and Response. 2022. IAEA, Vienna, 2022. ISBN 978–92–0–141122–8 (pdf)
51. International Nuclear Verification Series No. 3 (Rev. 1). IAEA Safeguards Glossary. 2022 Edition IAEA, Vienna, 2022. ISBN 978–92–0–122222–0 (pdf). STI/PUB/2003.
52. Romanovich I.K., Vodovatov A.V., Biblin A.M., Kormanovskaya T.A. On the issue of the development of legislative and regulatory provision of the radiation safety of the public. Radiatsionnaya Gigiyena = Radiation Hygiene. 2022;15;1:88-95. DOI: 10.21514/1998-426X-2022-15-1-88-95
(In Russ.).
PDF (RUS) Full-text article (in Russian)
Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Financing. The study had no sponsorship.
Contribution. Article was prepared with equal participation of the authors.
Article received: 20.02.2022. Accepted for publication: 27.03.2023.