JOURNAL DESCRIPTION
The Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety journal ISSN 1024-6177 was founded in January 1956 (before December 30, 1993 it was entitled Medical Radiology, ISSN 0025-8334). In 2018, the journal received Online ISSN: 2618-9615 and was registered as an electronic online publication in Roskomnadzor on March 29, 2018. It publishes original research articles which cover questions of radiobiology, radiation medicine, radiation safety, radiation therapy, nuclear medicine and scientific reviews. In general the journal has more than 30 headings and it is of interest for specialists working in thefields of medicine¸ radiation biology, epidemiology, medical physics and technology. Since July 01, 2008 the journal has been published by State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency. The founder from 1956 to the present time is the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, and from 2008 to the present time is the Federal Medical Biological Agency.
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Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2023. Vol. 68. № 6
DOI:10.33266/1024-6177-2023-68-6-20-26
A.A. Molokanov, N.P. Potsyapun, E.Yu. Maksimova, Yu.E. Kvacheva
Comparison of Radiation and Chemical Toxicity of Uranium Compounds on The Basis of Calculation by New Icrp Biokinetic Models
A.I. Burnazyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Moscow, Russia
Contact person: Andrey Alekseevich Molokanov, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
ABSTRACT
Purpose: Harmonization and improvement of the system for regulating the internal radiation exposure of workers and the basic requirements for ensuring radiation safety, taking into account the application of new international requirements and recommendations.
Material and methods: The article presents a comparison of the radiation and chemical toxicity of uranium compounds, obtained on the basis of calculating the levels of inhalation intake and committed effective dose depending on the types of compounds F, M, F/M and M/S in the AMAD range from 0.3 to 20 μm for typical isotopic compositions of natural (NU), depleted (DU), low enriched (LEU) and highly enriched (HEU) uranium, which lead to the maximum permissible concentration of uranium in the kidneys. The calculations were carried out using new ICRP biokinetic models, which give more physiologically realistic representations of uptake and retention in organs and tissues, and excretion.
Results: The dynamics of uranium activity in the kidneys was calculated for constant chronic inhalation intake over a 50-year period and for acute intake. It was shown that in case of chronic intake, the rate of accumulation of uranium in the kidneys, expressed in relative units, does not depend on the AMAD in the range from 0.3 to 20 μm and slightly depends on the types of compounds F, F/M, M and M/S, which include almost all chemical compounds of uranium. In case of acute intake, there is a rapid, within 1–3 days, an increase of uranium in the kidneys to a maximum value and then a gradual decrease to a value of 20 % of the maximum value in 20–60 days, depending on the type of compound F, M, F/M, M/S and AMAD in a wide range of values from 0.3 to 20 µm. To compare the radiation and chemical toxicity of uranium, the values of the committed effective dose were calculated, which is formed after intake of uranium aerosols of the types F, M, F/M and M/S and AMADs from 0.3 to 20 µm in an amount that creates the maximum concentration of uranium in the kidneys 0.3 µg/g for chronic intake and 3 µg/g for acute intake. The values of uranium intake per year in milligrams, which form the maximum concentration of uranium in the kidneys of 0.3 µg/g, in case of constant chronic intake of uranium aerosols, as well as the values of uranium intake in milligrams, which form the maximum concentration of uranium in the kidneys of 3 μg/g after a single intake of uranium aerosols in both case of the types F, M, F/M and M/S and AMAD in the range from 0.3 to 20 µm were calculated, which are evidently independent of the considered isotopic composition of the uranium.
Conclusion: It is shown that chemical toxicity prevails over radiation toxicity for the types of uranium compounds F and F/M for all considered uranium isotopic composition, except for HEU; for the type of compound M it is the same for mixtures of NU and DU, and for the type M/S radiation toxicity prevails for all considered uranium isotopic composition. In case of chronic intake at committed effective dose exposure rate of several mSv per year, workers can suffer from the chemical toxicity of uranium when working with F and F/M compounds and isotope compositions of natural (NU), depleted (DU) and low enriched (LEU) uranium already after 1–2 years of work. In case of acute intake, the chemical toxicity of uranium should be taken as a criterion for limiting exposure for compounds F and F/M, and also partially M (for uranium isotope compositions of NU, DU and LEU), which can significantly, by tens and hundreds of times, reduce the permissible limit of uranium intake.
Keywords: uranium, chemical toxicity, concentration in the kidneys, uranium aerosols, absorption types, biokinetic model, internal exposure, committed effective dose, inhalation intake, natural uranium, depleted uranium, low enriched uranium, highly enriched uranium, new ICRP recommendations
For citation: Molokanov AA, Potsyapun NP, Maksimova EYu, Kvacheva YuE. Comparison of Radiation and Chemical Toxicity of Uranium Compounds on The Basis of Calculation by New Icrp Biokinetic Models. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2023;68(6):20–26. (In Russian). DOI:10.33266/1024-6177-2023-68-6-20-26
References
1. Radiological Protection – Monitoring and Internal Dosimetry for Specific Materials. Part 1. Uranium. ISO 16638-1:2015 (E).
2. Stradling N., Hodgson A., Ansoborlo E., Berard P., Etherington G., Fell T., LeGuen B. Anomalies between Radiological and Chemical Limits for Uranium after Inhalation by Workers and the Public. Radiation Protection Dosimetry. 2003. V.105, No. 1–4. P. 175–178.
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8. ICRP. Human Alimentary Tract Model for Radiological Protection. ICRP Publication 100. Ann. ICRP. 2006;36;1-2.
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PDF (RUS) Full-text article (in Russian)
Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Financing. The study had no sponsorship.
Contribution. Article was prepared with equal participation of the authors.
Article received: 20.07.2023. Accepted for publication: 27.08.2023.