JOURNAL DESCRIPTION
The Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety journal ISSN 1024-6177 was founded in January 1956 (before December 30, 1993 it was entitled Medical Radiology, ISSN 0025-8334). In 2018, the journal received Online ISSN: 2618-9615 and was registered as an electronic online publication in Roskomnadzor on March 29, 2018. It publishes original research articles which cover questions of radiobiology, radiation medicine, radiation safety, radiation therapy, nuclear medicine and scientific reviews. In general the journal has more than 30 headings and it is of interest for specialists working in thefields of medicine¸ radiation biology, epidemiology, medical physics and technology. Since July 01, 2008 the journal has been published by State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency. The founder from 1956 to the present time is the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, and from 2008 to the present time is the Federal Medical Biological Agency.
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Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2017. Vol. 62. No. 3. P. 50-75
DOI: 10.12737/article_5927fc2939abe0.63201589
Dose and Dose-rate Effects of Ionizing Radiation: a Discussion in the Light of Radiological Protection
Ruhm1, G.E. Woloschak2, R.E. Shore3, T.V. Azizova4, B. Grosche5, O. Niwa6, S. Akiba7, T. Ono8, K. Suzuki9, T. Iwasaki10, N. Ban11, M. Kai12, C.N. Clement13, S. Bouffler14, H. Toma15, N. Hamada13
1. Institute of Radiation Protection, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, 85764, Neuherberg, Germany; 2. Department of Radiation Oncology, Feintberg School of Medicine, Northweastern Univerisity Chicago, Il, 60611, USA; 3. Radiation Effects Research Foundation (RERF), 5-2 Hijiyama Park, Minami-ku, Hiroshima City, 732-0815 Japan; 4. Southern Urals Biophysics Institute, Ozyorskoe Shosse 19, 456780, Ozyorsk, Chelyabinsk Region, Russian Federation; 5. Federal Office for Radiation Protection, Ingolstaedter Landstr. 1, 85764 Oberschleissheim, Germany; 6. Fukushima Medical University, Hikarigaoka 1, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan; 7. Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Kagoshima University Graduate school of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima City, Japan; 8. Institute for Environmental Sciences 1-7, Ienomae, Rokkasho, Aomori-ken, 039-3212, Japan; 9. Department of Radiation Medical Sciences, Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan; 10. Radiation Safety Research Center, Nuclear Technology Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry (CRIEPI), 2-11-1 Iwado-kita, Tokyo 201-8511, Japan; 11. Faculty of Nursing, Tokyo Healthcare University, 2-5-1 Higashigaoka, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8558, Japan; 12. Department of Environmental Health Science, Oita University of Nursing and Health Sciences, 2944-9 Megusuno, Oita 840-1201, Japan; 13. International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), PO Box 1046, Station B, 280 Slater Street, Ottawa, ON KIP 5S9, Canada; 14. Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Chilton, Didcot OX11 ORQ, UK; 15. JAPAN NUS Co., Ltd. (JANUS), 7-5-25 Nishi-Shinjuku, Shinjuku- ku, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
Werner Ruhm, Gayle E. Woloschak, Roy E. Shore, Tamara V. Azizova, Bernd Grosche, Ohtsura Niwa, Suminori Akiba, Tetsuya Ono, Keiji Suzuki, Toshiyasu Iwasaki, Nobuhiko Ban, Michiaki Kai, Christopher H. Clement, Simon Bouffler, Hideki Toma, and Nobuyuki Hamada. Dose and dose-rate effects of ionizing radiation: a discussion in the light of radiological protection. // Radiat. Environ. Biophys., 54: 379-401, 2015. (DOI: 10.1007/s00411-015-0613-6) http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00411-015-0613-6
Abstract
The biological effect on humans of low-dose and low-dose-rate exposures to ionizing radiation have always been of major interest. The most recent concept as suggested by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) is to extrapolate existing epidemiological data at high doses and dose rates down to low doses and low dose rates relevant to radiological protection using the so-called dose and dose-rate effectiveness factor (DDREF). The present paper summarizes what was presented and discussed by experts from ICRP and Japan. This paper describes the historical development of the DDREF concept in light of emerging scientific evidence on dose and dose-rate effects, summarizes the conclusions recently drawn by a number of international organizations (e.g., BEIR VII, ICRP, SSK, UNSCEAR, and WHO), mentions current scientific efforts to obtain more data on low-dose and low-dose-rate effects at molecular, cellular, animal and human levels, and discusses future options that could be useful to improve and optimize the DDREF concept for the purpose of radiological protection.
Key words: radiation risk, low-dose, low-dose-rate, LNT model, DDREF, ICRP
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