Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2016, Vol. 61. No. 3. P. 17-23

V.V. Uiba¹, A.S. Samoylov², V.V. Romanov¹, N.K. Shandala²

Thirtieth Anniversary of the Chernobyl Accident: Analysis, Conclusions, Lessons for the Future

1. Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. ; 2. A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of FMBA, Moscow, Russia

ABSTRACT

The article deals with the nature, idea and contents, time and sequence of taking protective measures to mitigate consequences and effects of the accident at the Chernobyl NPP in April 1986. The special focus is on the direct organizational participation of the Third Main Directorate of the Ministry of Health of the USSR - the predecessor of the current successor of the case - FMBA of Russia. The article describes the radiation health care standards developed by the experts in this period, control indicators and methodology to monitor the radiological situation and assure safety during the aftermath operations, as well as improving the scientific bases of radiation medicine and emergency response, taking into account the experience of the treatment of victims. Problems and prospects of further regulation and enhancement of the system of radiation safety in the country are reviewed and justified.

Key words: NPP, victims, medical and radiation health care activities, protective measures, emergency response, radiation safety regulation

REFERENSES

1. Galstyan I.A., Gus'kova A.K., Nadezhina N.M. Posledstviya oblucheniya pri avarii na ChAES: Analiz klinicheskikh dannykh. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2007. Vol. 52. No. 4. P. 5-13. (In Russ.)
2. Gus'kova A.K., Krasnyuk V.I. Posledstviya dlya zdorov'ya avarii ChAES: Osnovnye itogi i nereshennye problem- Radiatsionnaya gigiena. 2011. Vol. 4. No. 4. P. 5-15. (In Russ.)
3. Gigienicheskie trebovaniya bezopasnosti i pishchevoi tsennosti pishchevykh produktov- Sanitarno-epidemiologicheskie pravila i normativy. SanPiN 2.3.2.1078-01. Moscow. FGUP «InterSEN». 2002. 168 p. (In Russ.)
4. Radiatsionnyi kontrol'. Strontsii-90 i tsezii-137. Pishchevye produkty. Otbor prob, analiz i gigienicheskaya otsenka- Metodicheskie ukazaniya. Moscow: Federal'nyi tsentr Gossanepidnadzora Minzdrava Rossii. 2003. 32 p. (In Russ.)
5. Shandala N.K., Savkin M.N., Novikova N.Ya. et al. Radioaktivnost' pishchevykh produktov posle avarii na Chernobyl'skoi AES- Meditsina ekstremal'nykh situatsii. 2007. No. 4 (22). P. 70-86. (In Russ.)
6. Uiba V.V., Samoilov A.S., Shandala N.K., Romanov V.V. Radiatsionnaya zashchita i zdorov'e rabotnikov atomnoi otrasli i naseleniya, prozhivayushchego v raione raspolozheniya radiatsionno-opasnykh ob"ektov Rossii. Materialy dokladov Plenarnogo zasedaniya otkrytiya X Rossiiskoi nauchnoi konferentsii «Radiatsionnaya zashchita i radiatsionnaya bezopasnost' v yadernykh tekhnologiyakh. Moscow, Prezidentskii zal RAN, 22 sentyabrya 2015 g. Obninsk. Moscow: IBRAE RAN. 2015. 9 p. (In Russ.)
7. Shandala N.K., Korenkov I.P., Romanov V.V. Sostoyanie radiatsionno-gigienicheskoi obstanovki v raione razmeshcheniya AES. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2015. Vol. 60. No. 2. P. 15-21. (In Russ.)
8. Lyaginskaya A.M., Romanov V.V., Petoyan I.M. et al. Sostoyanie zdorov'ya naseleniya, prozhivayushchego vblizi Smolenskoi AES. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2015. Vol. 60. No. 2. P. 25-36. (In Russ.)
9. Ilyin L.A., Kochetkov O.A., Ivanov A.A. et al. ˥dical dosimetric registry of Russian atomic industry employees: current status and perspectives- Internat. J. Low Radiat. 2006. Vol. 2. No. 3-4. P. 207-218.
10. Galstyan I.A., Nadezhina N.M. Mestnye luchevye porazheniya kak oslozhneniya meditsinskogo oblucheniya.Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2012. Vol. 57. No. 5. P. 31-36. (In Russ.)
11. Rukovodstvo po iodnoi profilaktike v sluchae vozniknoveniya radiatsionnoi avarii. Metodicheskie rekomendatsii. Gruppa 17. Trebovaniya k sistemam zhizneobespecheniya v ekstremal'nykh situatsiyakh i spetsial'nym sistemam. - Federal'noe mediko-biologicheskoe agentstvo. 2010. 44 p. (In Russ.)
12. Proizvodstvennye urovni vmeshatel'stva v sluchae avarii na atomnoi stantsii. Metodicheskie ukazaniya. MU 2.6.1.047-08. Federal'noe mediko-biologicheskoe agentstvo. 2008. 13 p. (In Russ.)
13. Organizatsiya i provedenie uchebno-trenirovochnogo protsessa po otrabotke deistvii personala tsentral'nykh mediko-sanitarnykh chastei, tsentrov gigieny i epidemiologii i territorial'nykh organov Federal'nogo mediko-biologicheskogo agentstva v usloviyakh oslozhnivsheisya radiatsionnoi obstanovki. Metodicheskie rekomendatsii. Gruppa 17. Trebovaniya k sistemam zhizneobespecheniya v ekstremal'nykh situatsiyakh i spetsial'nym sistemam (OST 91500.01.0007.2001). 2008. 57 p. (In Russ.)
14. Uyba V., Shinkarev S., Kotenko K. et al. Thyroid measurements of the Russian citizens living in Japan following the Fukushima accident- In: Book of abstracts of the 2nd NIRS Symposium on Reconstruction of Early Internal Dose in the TEPCO Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station Accident. January 27. 2013. National Institute of Radiological Sciences. Tokyo. Japan. 2013. P. 17-18.
15. Uyba V., Shinkarev S., Kotenko K. et al. Assessment of radiation exposure to the Russian citizens living in Japan following the Fukushima accident (based on the results of work in the Russian Embassy in Tokyo of the group of experts from FMBA of Russia)- In: Book of abstracts of the 18th Hiroshima International Symposium “Additional factors in Hiroshima radiation effects due to atomic bomb”, January 31 - February 1, 2013. Hiroshima. Japan. 2013. P. 25-26.
16. Shinkarev S.M., Kotenko K.V., Granovskaya E.O. et al. Estimation of the contribution of short-lived radioiodines to the thyroid dose for the public in case of inhalation intake following the Fukushima accident- Radiation Protection Dosim. 2015. Vol. 164. No. 1-2. P. 51-56.
17. IAEA Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Radiation Protection and Safety of Radiation Sources: International Basic Safety Standards. - Vienna: International Atomic Energy Agency, 2014. Normy bezopasnosti MAGATE: Radiatsionnaya zashchita i bezopasnost' istochnikov izlucheniya. Mezhdunarodnye osnovnye normy bezopasnosti. Obshchie trebovaniya bezopasnosti. Chast' 3. No. GSR Part 3. Perevod na rus. yazyk. 2014. 518 p.

For citation: Uiba VV, Samoylov AS, Romanov VV, Shandala NK. Thirtieth Anniversary of the Chernobyl Accident: Analysis, Conclusions, Lessons for the Future. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2016;61(3):17-23. Russian.

PDF (RUS) Full-text article (in Russian)