SCIENTIFIC AND INFORMATION-ANALYTICAL MAGAZINE

ISSN 1024-6177 (Print), ISSN 2618-9615 (Online)

Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2020. Vol. 65. No. 4. P. 58–64

S.S. Silkin1, L.Y. Krestinina1, A.V. Akleyev1,2

Solid Cancer Incidence Risk among the Population Exposed
in the East Urals Radioactive Trace over 1957–2014

1 Urals Research Center for Radiation Medicine, Chelyabinsk, Russia
2 Chelyabinsk State University, Chelyabinsk, Russia
E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Abstract

Purpose: Assessment of solid cancer incidence risk in the cohort of exposed population on the territory of the East Urals radioactive trace over the period of follow-up from 1957 to 2014 with the use of the individual doses provided by the latest TRDS dosimetry system.

Material and methods: The explosion of the liquid radioactive waste storage tank at the «Mayak» Production Association on 29 September 1957 led to the pollution of the territories of the Chelyabinsk and Sverdlovsk Regions and the formation of the EURT, and the population residing on its territory was subjected to protracted chronic external and internal exposure. The analyzed cohort includes 21,384 people, 2,055 of whom received additional radiation before the 1957 accident due to residing in one of the Techa River settlements. The mean dose to the stomach for the members of the EURT cohort was 36 mGy, the maximum — 1.13 Gy. The analysis was performed using the DATAB and AMFIT programs (statistical software package EPICURE). A simple parametric model of excess relative risk (ERR) was used. Statistical significance and confidence intervals were obtained using the maximum likelihood method.

Results: As a result of the analysis of the solid cancer incidence risk in the EURT cohort during the 57-year follow-up period using the linear model and the 5-year latent period, a statistically significant ERR was obtained which equals to 0.052 / 100 mGy (95 % CI 0.01–0.10, p = 0.02) in the entire EURT cohort. When the group of people additionally exposed on the Techa River before the 1957 accident was excluded from the cohort, the risk became insignificant. No significant modification of the dose dependence by non-radiation factors was revealed. The obtained results are compared well with the previous studies of the exposed population in the Southern Urals which were conducted in the Urals Research Center for Radiation Medicine, as well as in the world, devoted to the study of the effects of radiation exposure on population.

Key words: population, radiation risk, East Urals radioactive trace (EURT), solid cancer, incidence risk, excessive relative risk

For citation: Silkin SS, Krestinina LY, Akleyev AV. Solid Cancer Incidence Risk among the Population Exposed in the East Urals Radioactive Trace over 1957–2014. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2020;65(4):58-64 (In Russ.).

DOI: 10.12737/1024-6177-2020-65-4-58-64

Список литературы / References

  1. Цыб АФ, Абакушина ЕВ, Абакушин ДН, Романко ЮС. Ионизирующее излучение как фактор риска развития лучевой катаракты. Медико-биологические проблемы жизнедеятельности. 2013;(1):34-41. [Tsyb AF, Abakushina EV, Abakushin DN, Romanko YuS. Radiation as risk factor of Development the Radiation-induced Cataract (In Russ.)].
  2. Туков АР, Шафранский ИЛ, Прохорова ОН, Зиятдинов МН. Риск развития радиационной катаракты у работников атомной промышленности — участников ликвидации последствий аварии на ЧАЭС. Радиация и риск. 2019;28(1):37-46. [Tukov AR, Shafransky IL, Prohorova ON, Ziyatdinov MN. The incidence of cataracts and the radiation risk of their occurrence in liquidators of the Chernobyl accident, workers in the nuclear industry. Radiation and Risk. 2019;28(1):37-46. (In Russ.)].
  3. Ainsbury EA, Barnard S, Bright S, Dalke C, Jarrin M, Kunze S, et al. Ionizing radiation induced cataracts: Recent biological and mechanistic developments and perspectives for future research. Mutat Res. 2016;770(Pt B):238-61. DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2016.07.010.
  4. ICRP Publication 118. ICRP Statement on Tissue Reactions / Early and Late Effects of Radiation in Normal Tissues and Organs — Threshold Doses for Tissue Reactions in a Radiation Protection Context. Ann. ICRP. 2012;41(1/2):322.
  5. Микрюкова ЛД, Крестинина ЛЮ, Епифанова СБ. Изучение послойных изменений хрусталика в процессе формирования катаракты у лиц, подвергшихся облучению в результате радиационных инцидентов на Южном Урале. Радиационная гигиена. 2018;11(4):51-63. [Mikryukova LD, Krestinina L Yu, Epiphanova SB. A study of layered lens change in the process of cataract formation in persons exposed to radiation as a result of radiation accidents in the Southern Urals. Rdiation Hygiene. 2018;11(4):51-63. (In Russ.)].
  6. Hamada N, Fujimichi Y. Classification of radiation effects for dose limitation purposes: history, current situation and future prospects. J Radiat Res. 2014;55(4):629-40. DOI: 10.1093/jrr/rru019.
  7. Shore RE. Radiation and cataract risk: Impact of recent epidemiologic studies on ICRP judgments. Mutat Res. 2016;770(Pt B):231-7. DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2016.06.006.
  8. Minamoto A, Taniguchi H, Yoshitani N, Mukai S, Yokoyama T, Kumagami T, et al. Cataract in atomic bomb survivors. Int J Radiat Biol. 2004;80(5):339-45. DOI: 10.1080/09553000410001680332.
  9. Neriishi K, Nakashima E, Minamoto A, Fujiwara S, Akahoshi M, Mishima HK, et al. Postoperative cataract cases among atomic bomb survivors, radiation dose response and threshold. Radiat Res. 2007;168(4):404-8. DOI: 10.1667/RR0928.1.
  10. NCRP. Guidance on Radiation Dose Limits for the Lens of the Eye. NCRP Commentary No. 26. Bethesda, MD: National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements. 2016.
  11. Azizova TV, Grigoryeva ES, Haylock RGE, Pikulina MV, Moseeva MB. Ischeamic heart disease incidence and mortality in an extended cohort of Mayak workers first employed in 1948-1982. Br J Radiol. 2015;88(1054):20150169. DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20150169.
  12. Azizova TV, Haylock RGE, Moseeva MB, Bannikova MV, Grigoryeva ES. Cerebrovascular diseases incidence and mortality in an extended Mayak worker cohort 1948-1982. Radiat Res. 2014;182(5):529-44. DOI: 10.1667/RR13680.1.
  13. Azizova TV, Zhuntova GV, Haylock RGE, Grigoryeva ES, Moseeva MB, Pikulina MV, et al. Chronic bronchitis in the extended Mayak worker cohort: workers first employed between 1948-1982. Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 2017;74(2):105-13. DOI: 10.1136/oemed-2015-103283.
  14. Azizova TV, Briks KV, Bannikova MV, Grigorieva ES. Hypertension Incidence Risk in a Cohort of Russian Workers Exposed to Radiation at the Mayak Production Association Over Prolonged Periods. Hypertension. 2019;73(6):1174-84. DOI: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.118.11719.
  15. Azizova TV, Bannikova MV, Grigoryeva ES, Rybkiba VL, Hamada N. Occupational exposure to chronic ionizing radiation increases risk of Parkinson’s disease incidence in Russian Mayak workers. Int J Epidemiol. 2020;49(2):435-47. DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyz230.
  16. Hill B. The environment and disease: association or causation? J Roy Soc Med. 2015;108(1):32-7. DOI: 10.1177/0141076814562718.
  17. Sources, effects and risks of ionizing radiation. United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR). 2017 Report to the General Assembly, with Scientific Annexes. New York: United Nations. 2018. 194 p.
  18. Azizova TV, Bragin EV, Hamada N, Bannikova MV. Risk of Cataract Incidence in a Cohort of Mayak PA Workers following Chronic Occupational Radiation Exposure. PLoS ONE. 2016;11(10):e0164357. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164357.
  19. Руководство по Международной статистической классификации болезней, травм и причин смерти. 9 пересмотр. 1975. Женева: ВОЗ, 1980. [Guide to the international statistical classification of diseases, injuries and causes of death. 9 Revision. 1975. Geneva: (In Russ.)].
  20. Азизова ТВ, Тепляков ИИ, Григорьева ЕС, Власенко ЕВ, Сумина МВ, Дружинина МБ, и др. Медико-дозимет­рическая база данных «Клиника» работников ПО «Маяк» и их семей. Мед. радиология и радиационная безопасность. 2009;54(5):26-35. [Azizova TV, Teplyakov II, Grigorieva EU, Vlasenko EV, Sumina MV, Druzhinina MB, etc. Medical dosimetric database «Clinic» of employees OF PA «Mayak» and their families. Medical Radiology аnd Radiation Safety. 2009;54(5):26-35. (In Russ.)].
  21. Vasilenko EK, Scherpelz RI, Gorelov MV, Stram DJ, Smetanin MY. External dosimetry reconstruction for Mayak workers. 2010. AAHP Special Session Health Physics Society Annual Meeting. Available from: http://www.hpsl.org/aahp/public/AAHP_Special_Session/ 2010_Salt_Lake_City/pm-1.pdf
  22. Khokhryakov VV, Khokhryakov VF, Suslova KG, Vostrotin VV, Vvedensky VE, Sokolova AB, et al. Mayak Worker Dosimetry System 2008 (MWDS-2008): Assessment of internal alpha-dose from measurement results of plutonium activity in urine. Health Phys. 2013;104(4):366-78. DOI: 10.1097/HP.0b013e31827dbf60.
  23. ICRP Publication 103. 2007 Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. Ann. ICRP. 2007;37(2-4):332.
  24. Preston D, Lubin J, Pierce D, McConney M. Epicure Users Guide. Seattle, WA: Hirosoft. 1993.
  25. Комаровских ЕН, Полапина АА. Возрастная катаракта: эпидемиология, факторы риска, аспекты катарактогенеза (Постановка проблемы). Medicus. 2016(2):66-70. [Komarovskikh EN, Polapina AA. Age-Related Cataract: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Cataractogenesis Aspects (Problem Statement). Medicus. 2016(2):66-7. (In Russ.)].
  26. Klein BE, Klein R, Linton KL. Prevalence of age-related lens opacities in 3669 a population. The Beaver Dam eye study. Ophthalmol. 1992;99(4):546-52. DOI: 10.1016/s0161-6420(92)31934-7.
  27. Vavvas D, Azar NF, Azar DT. Mechanisms of disease: Cataracts. Ophthalmol. Clin. North Am. 2002;15(1):49-60. DOI: 10.1016/s0896-1549(01)00015-3.
  28. Henderson MA, Valluri S, DesRosiers C, Lopez JT, Batuello CN, Caperell-Grant A, et al. Effect of gender on radiation-induced cataractogenesis. Radiat Res. 2009;172(1):129-33. DOI: 10.1667/RR1589.1.
  29. Henderson MA, Valluri S, Garrett J, Lopez J.T, Caperell-Grant A, Mendonca MS, et al. Effects of estrogen and gender on cataractogenesis induced by high-LET radiation. Radiat Res. 2010;173(2):191-6. DOI: 10.1667/RR1917.1.
  30. Dynlacht JR. The role of age, sex and steroid sex hormones in radiation cataractogenesis. Radiat Res. 2013;180(6):559-66. DOI: 10.1667/RR13549.1.
  31. Белый ЮА, Терещенко АВ, Романко ЮС, Абакушина ЕВ, Гречанинов ВБ. Молекулярные механизмы формирования радиационно-индуцированной катаракты. Катарактальная и рефракционная хирургия. 2014;14(4):4-9. [Belyy YuA, Tereshchenko AV, Romanko Yu S,  Abakushina EV, Gretchaninov VB. The Molecular Mechanisms Involved in Radiation-Induced Cataract Formation. Cataral and Refraction Surgery. 2014;14(4):4-9. (In Russ.)].
  32. Hamada N. Ionizing radiation sensitivity of the ocular lens and its dose rate dependence. Int J Radiat Biol. 2017;93(10):1024-34. DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2016.1266407.
  33. Dynlacht JR, Vallury S, Garrett J, Mendonca MS, Lopez JT, Caperell-Grant A, et al. Age and hormonal status as determinants of cataractogenesis induced by ionizing radiation. I. Densely ionizing (high-LET) radiation. Radiat Res. 2011;175(1):37-43. DOI: 10.1667/RR2319.1.
  34. Dynlacht JR, Tyree C, Valluri S, DesRosiers C, Caperell-Grant A, Mendonca MS, et al. Effect of estrogen on radiation-induced cataractogenesis. Radiat Res. 2006;165(1):9-15. DOI: 10.1667/rr3481.1.
  35. Dynlacht JR, Valluri S, Lopez J, Greer F, DesRosiers C, Caperell-Grant A, et al. Estrogen protects against radiation-induced cataractogenesis. Radiat Res. 2008;170(6):758-64. DOI: 10.1667/RR1416.1.
  36. Rahman A, Yahya K, Shaikh A, Fasih U, Zuberi BF. Risk factors associated with pre-senile cataract. Pak J Med Sci. 2011(27):145-8.
  37. Nakashima E, Neriishi K, Minamoto A. A reanalysis of atomic-bomb cataract data, 2000-2002, a threshold analysis. Health Phys. 2006;90(2):154-60. DOI: 10.1097/01.hp.0000175442.03596.63.
  38. Chylack LT Jr, Peterson LE, Feiveson AH, Wear ML, Manuel FK, Tung WH, et al. NASA study 3288 of cataracts in astronauts (NASCA). Report 1: Cross-sectional study of the relationship of exposure to space radiation and risk of lens opacity. Radiat Res. 2009;172(1):10-20. DOI: 10.1667/RR1580.1.
  39. Worgul BV, Kundiyev YI, Sergiyenko NM, Chumak VV, Vitte PM, Medvedovsky C, et al. Cataracts among Chernobyl clean-up workers, implications regarding permissible eye exposures. Radiat Res. 2007;167(2):233-43. DOI: 10.1667/rr0298.1.
  40. Rafnsson V, Olafsdottir E, Hrafnkelsson J, Sasaki H, Amarsson A, Jonasson F. Cosmic radiation increases the risk of nuclear cataract in 3984 airline pilots: A population-based case-control study. Arch Ophthalmol. 2005;123(8):1102-3985. DOI: 10.1001/archopht.123.8.1102.
  41. Hamada N, Sato T. Cataractogenesis following high-LET radiation exposure. Mutat Res. 2016;770(Pt B):262-91. DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2016.08.005.
  42. Azizova TV, Hamada N, Grigoryeva ES, Bragin EV. Risk of various types of cataracts in a cohort of Mayak workers following chronic occupational exposure to ionizing radiation. Eur J Epidemiol. 2018;33(12):1193-204. DOI: 10/1007/s10654-018-0450-4.
  43. Hamada N, Azizova T, Little M. An update on effects of ionizing radiation exposure on the eye. Br J Radiol. 2020;93:20190829. DOI: 10.1259/bjr.20190829.

PDF (RUS) Полная версия статьи

Конфликт интересов. Авторы заявляют об отсутствии конфликта интересов.
Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Финансирование. Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки.
Financing. The study had no sponsorship.
Участие авторов. Cтатья подготовлена с равным участием авторов.
Contribution. Article was prepared with equal participation of the authors.
Поступила: 14.08.2020. Принята к публикации: 21.08.2020.
Article received: 14.08.2020. Accepted for publication: 21.08.2020.

Information about the authors:

Silkin S.S. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4412-4481
Krestinina L.Y. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0497-5879
Akleyev A.V. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2583-5808


© Журнал "Медицинская радиология и радиационная безопасность" 2020г.

Яндекс.Метрика

Наверх