SCIENTIFIC AND INFORMATION-ANALYTICAL MAGAZINE

ISSN 1024-6177 (Print), ISSN 2618-9615 (Online)

Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2017. Vol. 62. No. 4. P. 66-78

REVIEW

DOI: 10.12737/article_59b10b5ea417a6.00174966

The Drugs and Natural Antioxidants as the Components of Anti-Radiation Countermeasures During Space Flights

I.B. Ushakov1, M.V. Vasin2

1. A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. ; 2. Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education of the Ministry of Health Care of the Russian Federation, Moscow

I.B. Ushakov – Chief Scientific Researcher, Member of RAS, Dr. Sc. Med., Prof., M.V. Vasin – Honoured Science Worker of the Russian Federation, Dr. Sc. Med., Prof.

Abstract

Radiation situation for cosmonauts over long-term space flights is caused by low-rate radiation of galactic cosmic rays and solar cosmic rays consisting of high-energy proton as well as heavy particles (Z>10) within 1–2 % that is exclusively a threat of stochastic radiation effects (small increase of cancer risk and decrease of mean life span) for men. During interplanetary expedition periods the small probability of raised solar activity occurring approximately every 11 years there is a threat of exposure to astronauts at doses that cause deterministic radiation effects leading to the development of the disease as a clinical manifestation of radiation injuries. In a similar scenario it is necessary to have available to spaceship anti-radiation countermeasures for astronaut protection. Among personal radioprotective equipment can be provided with radiation protective agents and partial shielding of body separate section providing the best condition for post-radiation repair of radiosensitive body tissues. Preparation B-190 (indralin) is the most perspective from a small number of other radioprotectors permitting for men administration. Besides high radioprotective efficacy and large broadness of radioprotective action B-190 is well tolerated including the impact of extreme flight factors. Antiemetic agent latran (ondansetron) is most interesting among preparation for prophylaxis and reduction of prodromal radiation reaction. To accelerate post-radiation hematopoietic recovery after raised solar activity an administration of radiomitigators (riboxin et al.) is substantiated. Neupomax (neupogen) is recommended as a preparation for pathogenesis therapy of acute radiation syndrome. Possible consequences of long-term space voyages for oxidative stress development are taken into consideration. On their basis of natural antioxidants, preparations and nutrients as radiomodulators, fully qualitative nutrition including vegetable food enriched flavonoids, vitamins C, E and carotene potentially prevent a shorten of cosmonaut biological age induced by solar cosmic rays and galactic cosmic rays and stress factors of long-term cosmic voyages. Radiomodulators are low and non-toxic and have not side effects in recommended doses. Their radioprotective effect is directly induced by adaption reaction on cellular and organismic levels through gene expression modulation and in that way the increase of non-specific body tolerance. The implementation of radiomodulator action is possible through hormesis mechanism.

Key words: space radiation, manned space flights, radiation protective agents, indralin, latran (ondansetron), neupomax (filgrastim), natural antioxidants

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For citation: Ushakov IB, Vasin MV. The Drugs and Natural Antioxidants as the Components of Anti-radiation Countermeasures during Spase Flightss. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2017;62(4):66-78. Russian. DOI: 10.12737/article_59b10b5ea417a6.00174966

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