SCIENTIFIC AND INFORMATION-ANALYTICAL MAGAZINE

ISSN 1024-6177 (Print), ISSN 2618-9615 (Online)

JOURNAL DESCRIPTION

The Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety journal ISSN 1024-6177 was founded in January 1956 (before December 30, 1993 it was entitled Medical Radiology, ISSN 0025-8334). In 2018, the journal received Online ISSN: 2618-9615 and was registered as an electronic online publication in Roskomnadzor on March 29, 2018. It publishes original research articles which cover questions of radiobiology, radiation medicine, radiation safety, radiation therapy, nuclear medicine and scientific reviews. In general the journal has more than 30 headings and it is of interest for specialists working in thefields of medicine¸ radiation biology, epidemiology, medical physics and technology. Since July 01, 2008 the journal has been published by State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency. The founder from 1956 to the present time is the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, and from 2008 to the present time is the Federal Medical Biological Agency.

Members of the editorial board are scientists specializing in the field of radiation biology and medicine, radiation protection, radiation epidemiology, radiation oncology, radiation diagnostics and therapy, nuclear medicine and medical physics. The editorial board consists of academicians (members of the Russian Academy of Science (RAS)), the full member of Academy of Medical Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, corresponding members of the RAS, Doctors of Medicine, professor, candidates and doctors of biological, physical mathematics and engineering sciences. The editorial board is constantly replenished by experts who work in the CIS and foreign countries.

Six issues of the journal are published per year, the volume is 13.5 conventional printed sheets, 88 printer’s sheets, 1.000 copies. The journal has an identical full-text electronic version, which, simultaneously with the printed version and color drawings, is posted on the sites of the Scientific Electronic Library (SEL) and the journal's website. The journal is distributed through the Rospechat Agency under the contract № 7407 of June 16, 2006, through individual buyers and commercial structures. The publication of articles is free.

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Brief electronic versions of the Journal have been publicly available since 2005 on the website of the Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety Journal: http://www.medradiol.ru. Since 2011, all issues of the journal as a whole are publicly available, and since 2016 - full-text versions of scientific articles. Since 2005, subscribers can purchase full versions of other articles of any issue only through the National Electronic Library. The editor of the Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety Journal in accordance with the National Electronic Library agreement has been providing the Library with all its production since 2005 until now.

The main working language of the journal is Russian, an additional language is English, which is used to write titles of articles, information about authors, annotations, key words, a list of literature.

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The two-year impact factor of RISC, according to data for 2017, was 0.439, taking into account citation from all sources - 0.570, and the five-year impact factor of RISC - 0.352.

Выпуски журналов

Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2026. Vol. 71. № 2

DOI:10.33266/1024-6177-2026-71-2-69-80

W.Yu. Ussov1, M.L. Belyanin2, E.V. Barysheva3, A.A. Tulupov4, 10, Li Yong Ping5,
O.Y. Borodin6, Shan YaMing5, S.M. Minin1, K.N. Sorokina6, Yu.B. Lishmanov2,
O.P. Aleksandrova7, 8, Zhou Jianghan11 N.L. Shimanovsky9 

Pharmacokinetic Analysis of Accumulation of Gluconic Acid Complexes with 99mTc and Mn(II) in Gliomas and Metastatic Brain Lesions, using Dynamic Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography

1 E.N. Meshalkin National Research Medical Center, Novosibirsk, Russia

2 National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia 

3 JSC Medical and Diagnostic Center, Tomsk, Russia 

4 Institute “International Tomographic Center”, Novosibirsk, Russia 

5 Changchun Sino-Russian Science and Technology Park Co., Ltd, Changchun, China

6 Tomsk Regional Oncological Dispensary, Tomsk, Russia 

7 National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow, Russia 

8 Rosatom Technical Academy, Obninsk, Russia 

9 N.I. Pirogov Russian National Medical Research University, Moscow, Russia 

10 Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia

11 School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China

Contact person: Wladimir Yuryevich Ussov, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. , This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

 

Abstract

Relevance: A promising direction for the successful development of diagnostic tomography is the creation of pairs of paramagnetic contrasts for MRI and radiopharmaceuticals for SPECT with identical biological and pharmacokinetic properties. Comparing the results of contrast-enhanced MRI and SPECT scans could provide then fundamentally new information. 

Purpose: To evaluate the imaging abilities of 99mTc-gluconate as an RFP for SPECT/CT, in comparison with Mn-gluconate (for paramagnetic contrast enhancement in MRI), in the course of creation of a new generation of diagnostic agents for combined SPECT/MRI studies of brain tumors. 

Material and methods: 99mTc-gluconate was obtained by labeling for 30 minutes, at room temperature above 25°C, 370‒540 MBq of Technetium ‒ 99m eluate in a volume of 2‒4 ml, from a 99Mo/99mTc generator, while the lyophilized labeling kit included 2.5 mg of gluconic acid, 0.10 mg of SnCl2×2H2O as a reducing agent, 7.5 mg sodium hydrophosphate dodecahydrate and 1.5 mg ascorbic acid. Mn(II)-gluconate was obtained in one step from manganese(II) oxide or carbonate and gluconic acid or sodium gluconate, with their mixing in molar amounts in a ratio of 1:2, dispersion and stirring in a ball mill for 20‒30 minutes, dissolution in saline solution, sterilization by microfiltration and obtaining 0.5 M solution of Mn(II)-gluconate, pH 6.5‒7.8, The study comprised the results of an examination of nine patients with low-grade (3‒4 degrees of anaplasia) brain gliomas, one patient with meningioma of the middle cranial fossa, and three patients with brain metastases (kidney, lung, and breast cancers). All underwent SPECT with 99mTc-gluconate on a Gemini dual-detector gamma camera (Technicare, USA), controlled by the Scinti 3.3 computer system (NPF Gelmos, Russia) after the injection of 370‒540 MBq of the RFP. A dynamic planar study was recorded after injection, for 20 minutes, with blood samples taken to assess the clearance of rfp. SPECT then included 64‒128 planar projections of 360° rotation detectors with a set of 50,000 pulses each, in a 64 × 64 matrix. The rate of absorption of rfp and paramagnetic substances by tumors and the indices (Tumor)/(Healthy tissue) were calculated. The rate of absorption of the drug by the tumor was calculated as the ratio of the concentration in the tumor tissue to the area under the concentration curve in the blood. 

Results: The rate of contrast  absorption from blood to tumor was 6.72 ±2.01 (3.5; 12.1) ml/min/100 g for 99mTc-gluconate and 5.93 ± 2.95 (3.2; 10.1) ml/min/100 g for Mn-gluconate for peripheral gliomas, the correlation between them was highly reliable, as Y = ‒0,14 + 0,89×X (r = 0.89, p = 0.000372). The unaffected gray matter of the brain showed an order of magnitude lower absorption rate from the blood, respectively 0.20 ±0.09 (0.07; 0.41) ml/min/100 g of 99mTc-gluconate and 0.23 ± 0.12 (0.05; 0.49) ml/min/100 g for Mn-gluconate. Indexes (Tumor)/(Healthy tissue) were 15.2 ± 3.28 (11.19; 21.23) for 99mTc-gluconate and 11.28 ± 9.80 (2.4; 30.26) for Mn-gluconate, with the correlation equation Y = 0.74 + 0.67×X (r = 0.94, p = 0.00684), indicating the biological identity of these complexes. 

Conclusion: The results of the assessment of tumor accumulation of gluconic acid complexes with 99mTc- and Mn substantiate the possibility of wider use in neuro-oncology of rfp 99mTc-gluconate in SPECT and Mn-gluconate in MRI as a paramagnetic analogue of 99mTc-gluconate, with high affinity to brain tumors, and possibility of MRI/SPECT fused studies.

Keywords: SPECT/CT, MRI, radiopharmaceuticals, 99mTc-gluconate, Mn-gluconate, paramagnetic contrast enhancement, pharmacokinetics, neuro-oncology, gliomas, meningeomas, brain metastases

For citation: Ussov WYu, Belyanin ML, Barysheva EV, Tulupov AA, Li Yong Ping, Borodin OY, Shan YaMing, Minin SM, Sorokina KN, Lishmanov YuB, Aleksandrova OP, Zhou Jianghan Shimanovsky NL.  Pharmacokinetic Analysis of Accumulation of Gluconic Acid Complexes with 99mTc and Mn(II) in Gliomas and Metastatic Brain Lesions, using Dynamic Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Single-Photon Emission Computed Tomography. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2026;71(2):69–80. DOI:10.33266/1024-6177-2026-71-2-69-80

 

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 PDF (RUS) Full-text article (in Russian)

 

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Financing. This work has been carried out without additional funding support, within the framework of the Cooperation Agreement between the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia, and the Sino‒Russian Park of Science and Technologies, Changchun, China.

Contribution. Article was prepared with equal participation of the authors.

Article received: 20.01.2026. Accepted for publication: 25.02.2026.

 

Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2026. Vol. 71. № 2

DOI:10.33266/1024-6177-2026-71-2-81-92

B.Ya. Narkevich1, 2

Is Dosimetry Necessary in Radionuclide Therapy of Patients with Metastases?

1 N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow

2 Association of Medical Physicists of Russia, Moscow

Contact person: B.Ya. Narkevich, E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

 

ABSTRACT

Purpose: Analysis of modern approaches to dosimetric support of radionuclide therapy at the technological stages of dosimetric planning, hospitalization and evaluation of treatment effectiveness.

Material and methods: A comparative analysis of the methodological specifics of dosimetric support of radionuclide therapy with the introduction of radiopharmaceuticals into the body and conventional radiation therapy using sealed sources of ionizing radiation was carried out.

Two methodologically different approaches to dosimetric planning of the level of internal irradiation from a radiopharmaceutical introduced into the patient’s body are considered.

The features of radiation monitoring are discussed both for the patient’s stay in the radionuclide therapy department and his/her safe discharge from the department for others, and for the removed solid and liquid radioactive waste.

A comparative analysis of the functional capabilities of various criteria for assessing the long-term and short-term effectiveness of radionuclide therapy of bone metastases was carried out. Focal absorbed doses of internal irradiation are considered as one of the criteria, for the determination of which a method for their calculation is proposed based on the MIRD formalism and quantitative data from SPECT/CT scanning of an X-ray phantom and a real patient who has been administered a β-γ-emitting therapeutic radiopharmaceutical.

Results: Using a clinical example of radionuclide therapy with 177Lu-PSMA-617 in a patient with stage 4 prostate cancer, dose estimates of internal irradiation of bone metastases by β-particles were obtained. The obtained dosimetric data were compared with efficiency estimates based on metabolic, hematological, hormonal and biochemical parameters, as well as the tumor marker PSA.

Conclusion: Unlike conventional radiation therapy, dosimetric support for planning and evaluating the effectiveness of treatment has not yet become a fundamental methodological basis for modern radionuclide therapy.

Keywords: radionuclide therapy, dosimetric monitoring, treatment planning, radiation monitoring, treatment effectiveness

For citation: Narkevich BYa. Is Dosimetry Necessary in Radionuclide Therapy of Patients with Metastases? Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2026;71(2):81–92. (In Russian). DOI:10.33266/1024-6177-2026-71-2-81-92

 

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 PDF (RUS) Full-text article (in Russian)

 

Conflict of interest. The author declare no conflict of interest.

Financing. The study had no sponsorship.

Contribution. The article was prepared with the author’s participation.

Article received: 20.01.2026. Accepted for publication: 25.02.2026.

 

 

Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2026. Vol. 71. № 2

DOI:10.33266/1024-6177-2026-71-2-101-106

V.P. Neustroev

Visual Similarity of Malignant Neoplasms and Alternative Lesions on Human Liver Tomograms

N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, Russia

Contact person: V.P. Neustroev, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

 

ABSTRACT

Purpose: To summarize data on liver pathologies mimicking malignant neoplasms in radiological studies and to describe their visual similarities and differences with primary and metastatic cancer.

Background: Differential diagnosis of focal liver lesions remains challenging due to overlapping imaging features of malignancies and various benign conditions.

Material and methods: A search of PubMed, eLibrary, and CyberLeninka for 2009–2025 was performed. Articles describing liver lesions that can simulate malignant tumors on CT, MRI, PET were selected. Textural and morphological signs as well as clinical cases of misdiagnosis were analyzed.

Results: Seven groups of mimickers were identified: inflammatory pseudotumors, vascular anomalies, infectious and parasitic lesions, metabolic changes, cystic and biliary formations, posttraumatic and iatrogenic deformities, regenerative and dysplastic nodules. Differential diagnostic radiological features are presented for each group. Standard visual assessment of tomograms is often insufficient due to overlapping characteristics, and radiomics is a promising direction.

Conclusion: Knowledge of the wide spectrum of liver lesion mimickers is essential for clinical practice and for building reference datasets in radiomics.

Keywords: differential diagnosis, liver metastases, liver cancer, tumor mimickers, MRI, CT, tomogram, radiomics, texture analysis

For citation: Neustroev VP. Visual Similarity of Malignant Neoplasms and Alternative Lesions on Human Liver Tomograms. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2026;71(2):101–106. DOI:10.33266/1024-6177-2026-71-2-101-106

 

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 PDF (RUS) Full-text article (in Russian)

 

Conflict of interest. The author declare no conflict of interest.

Financing. The study had no sponsorship.

Contribution. The article was prepared by the author alone.

Article received: 20.01.2026. Accepted for publication: 25.02.2026.

 

Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2026. Vol. 71. № 2

DOI:10.33266/1024-6177-2026-71-2-93-100

E.I. Matkevich, Y.D. Udalov, A.O. Rodionova, I.V. Vasilieva

Development of Evaluation Criteria for the Radiologist’s Work Function in Interpreting of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Results

A.I. Burnazyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Moscow, Russia

Contact person: E.I. Matkevich, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

 

ABSTRACT

Purpose: To develop criteria for quantifying the work of radiologists when performing functional duties to describe the results of MRI examinations in order to increase the economic interest of staff in improving labor efficiency and in the high quality of its results.

Material and methods: study was performed using a computational and analytical method with an analysis of the labor structure in the Department of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the Burnazyan Radiology Center and the development of differentiated coefficients reflecting the complexity of the main labor processes in describing the results of MRI.

Results: The time of performing MRI report by a radiologist was analyzed depending on the complexity of the MRI examination ‒ the anatomical scanning area, the combination of scanning areas, the detected pathology, and the MRI scan protocol. Based on the results of the analysis, coefficients have been developed that make it possible to differentiate the financial remuneration of a radiologist for the work performed, taking into account both the number and quality of MRI descriptions per shift.

Conclusion: The developed criteria and algorithm for evaluating the effectiveness of the work of radiologists in the department of magnetic resonance imaging make it possible to stimulate differentially the payment of their work to radiologists in terms of the volume of MRI studies performed. In order to take into account the quality of MRI descriptions, due to the complexity of grading in manual supervision, it is necessary to additionally involve an evaluating expert with compensation for his labor costs, or create an algorithm and software product using artificial intelligence to evaluate automatically the quality of MRI descriptions of patients based on the developed criteria.

Keywords: magnetic resonance imaging, radiologist, interpreting results, labor costs, evaluation criteria, algorithms for estimating, A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center FMBA

For citation: Matkevich EI, Udalov YD, Rodionova AO, Vasilieva IV. Development of Evaluation Criteria for the Radiologist’s Work Function in Interpreting of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Results. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2026;71(2):93–100. (In Russian). DOI:10.33266/1024-6177-2026-71-2-93-100

 

References

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 PDF (RUS) Full-text article (in Russian)

 

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Financing. The study had no sponsorship.

Contribution. Matkevich E.I. – development of the study design, defined the goals and objectives, design of tables and illustrations, prepared illustrations, preparation of the intermediate and final version of the manuscript; Udalov Yu.D. – determination of the direction of the research, editing of the final version of the manuscript; Rodionova A.O. – editing of an intermediate version of the manuscript; Vasilieva I.V. – editing of an intermediate version of the manuscript.

Article received: 20.01.2026. Accepted for publication: 25.02.2026.

 

Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2026. Vol. 71. № 2

DOI:10.33266/1024-6177-2026-71-2-107-114

Muaayed F. Al-Rawi 1, Muhanned AL-Rawi 2

Image Segmentation of Brain Tumors Using K-means Cluster Technique

1 College of Engineering, Mustansiriyah University, Baghdad, Iraq

2 University College of Wisdom, Iraq

Contact person: Muaayed F. Al-Rawi, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

 

Abstract

Brain tumor segmentation aims to differentiate between various tumor tissues, including active cells, necrotic core, and edema, and normal brain tissues composed of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), white matter (WM), and gray matter (GM). Over the last several years, studies that use magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to segment brain tumors have garnered an increasing amount of interest. This is mostly due to the fact that MRI scans are non-invasive and provide an excellent contrast between soft tissue and bone. Computer-aided techniques for segmenting brain tumors are maturing and nearing integration into routine clinical applications. Researchers have developed these groundbreaking approaches over approximately twenty years. The objective of this article is to provide a K-means clustering technique for the purpose of brain tumor segmentation using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). The K-means clustering technique is an unsupervised approach that is used for the purpose of separating the region of interest from the background. However, in order to increase the overall quality of the image, a partial stretching improvement is first done to the image before the K-means technique is implemented.

Keywords: MRI, image segmentation, cluster algorithm, brain tumor

For citation: Muaayed F. Al-Rawi, Muhanned AL-Rawi. Image Segmentation of Brain Tumors Using K-means Cluster Technique. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2026;71(2):107–114. DOI:10.33266/1024-6177-2026-71-2-107-114

 

References

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 PDF (RUS) Full-text article (in Russian)

 

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Financing. The study had no sponsorship.

Contribution. Article was prepared with equal participation of the authors.

Article received: 20.01.2026. Accepted for publication: 25.02.2026.

 

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