Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2026. Vol. 71. № 1

DOI:10.33266/1024-6177-2026-71-1-82-89

Najah Raham Rashid¹, Yusur Muhammad Said Thabit Al-Rawi¹,
Khaleel Akeash Hadi²

Adnexal Masses Insight: The Role of the Diffusion-Weighted MRI 

¹ Ibn Sina University of Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baghdad, Iraq

² X-Ray Institute, Baghdad Medical City, Baghdad, Iraq

Contact person: Khaleel Akeash Hadi, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Abstract

Background: Making the distinction between malignant and benign tumors is an important step in the management of adnexal masses. With the differentiation ability among benign and malignant lesions and the magnetic resonance imaging role in treatment response evaluation. At the molecular level, diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging provides a cellularity quantitative functional assessment.

Purpose: To assess Diffusion-Weighted Magnetic Resonance Imaging’s diagnostic potential in the preoperative evaluation of adnexal mass by contrasting it with histopathological analysis.

Methods: A prospective study conducted in Radiology Unit during a period of two years from February 2023 to February 2025. It involved 74 women diagnosed with adnexal mass by ultrasound without knowing its type of nature whether its malignant or benign and then referred to the MRI unit before the operation for adnexal lesions characterization which detected on ultrasound.

Results: The malignant lesions had significantly lower mean ADC value was than in benign lesions. ADC value < 0.89 ×10^‒3 mm²/sec. is predictive for malignant lesion. Sensitivity of MRI was 78.6 %, specificity was 89.1 % and accuracy was 85.1 %. Positive predictive value was 81.5 % while negative predictive value was 87.2 %.

Conclusion: Magnetic Resonance Weighted with weight image when it comes to diagnosing and characterizing adnexal masses, imaging it is a legitimate and trustworthy method. To distinguish between different kinds of adnexal lesions, it can enhance the diagnostic usefulness of MR criteria. Based on imaging characteristics, it can help distinguish malignant from benign lesions and is particularly useful in describing the tissue composition of the tumor.

Keywords: MRI, DWI, restriction, adnexal

For citation: Najah Raham Rashid, Yusur Muhammad Said Thabit Al-Rawi, Khaleel Akeash Hadi. Adnexal Masses Insight: The Role of the Diffusion-Weighted MRI. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2026;71(1):82–89. DOI:10.33266/1024-6177-2026-71-1-82-89

References

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2. Vázquez-Manjarrez S.E., Rico-Rodriguez O.C., Guzman-Martinez N., Espinoza-Cruz V., Lara-Nuñez D. Imaging and Diagnostic Approach of the Adnexal Mass: what the Oncologist Should Know. Chinese Clinical Oncology. 2020;9;5:69.

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12. Liberto J.M., Chen S.Y., Shih I.M., Wang T.H., Wang T.L., Pisanic T.R. Current and Emerging Methods for Ovarian Cancer Screening and Diagnostics: a Comprehensive Review. Cancers (Basel). 2022;14:12.

13. Shebreya N., Dawlat A., Keriakos N. Role of DWI MRI as a Recent Modality in Differentiation between Benign from Malignant Ovarian Tumors. The Medical Journal of Cairo University. 2020;88:1699-706.

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15. Gangadhar K., Mahajan A., Sable N., Bhargava P. Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Pelvic Masses: a Compartmental Approach. Seminars in Ultrasound, CT and MRI. 2017 Jun;38;3:213-230. Doi: 10.1053/j.sult.2016.11.004. 

16. El Ameen N.F., Eissawy M.G., Mohsen L.A.M., Nada O.M., Beshreda G.M. MR diffusion Versus MR Perfusion in Patients with Ovarian Tumors; how far Could we Get? Egyptian Journal of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine. 2020;51:1-11.

17. Ahmad K.A., Abdrabou A. The Significance of Added ADC Value to Conventional MR Imaging in Differentiation between benign and Malignant Ovarian Neoplasms. The Egyptian Journal of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine. 2014;45;3:997-1002.

18. Jaafer LS. Role of MRI Diffusion Weighted Imaging in Differentiation between Benign and Malignant Ovarian Masses. AL-Kindy College Medical Journal. 2017;13;2:26-33.

19. Bonde A., Andreazza Dal Lago E., Foster B., Javadi S., Palmquist S., Bhosale P. Utility of the Diffusion Weighted Sequence in Gynecological Imaging: Review Article. Cancers. 2022;14;18:4468.

20. Okuyama K., Tsuchiya M., Debnath K.C., Islam S., Yanamoto S. Desmoplastic Reaction in the Microenvironment of Head and Neck and other Solid Tumors: the Therapeutic Barrier. Ther Adv Med Oncol. 2025;17:17588359251317144.

 PDF (RUS) Full-text article (in Russian)

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Financing. The study had no sponsorship.

Contribution. Article was prepared with equal participation of the authors.

Article received: 20.11.2025. Accepted for publication: 25.12.2025.

Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2026. Vol. 71. № 1

DOI:10.33266/1024-6177-2026-71-1-96-105

E.I. Matkevich 

Expanded Application of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Practice of the Radiology Center: Necessity and Feasibility

A.I. Burnazyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Moscow, Russia

Contact person: E.I. Matkevich, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Abstract
Purpose: To evaluate the rationale and feasibility of expanding the application of magnetic resonance imaging in the clinical practice of the Radiology Center at the FMBC.

Material and methods: Radiation exposure doses were analyzed among workers employed in industries with sources of ionizing radiation during computed tomography (CT) examinations. The study included 658 patients aged 23 to 65 years (496 men and 162 women) who underwent CT between 2020 and 2024 at the FMBC. A comparative assessment of the diagnostic capabilities of CT and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was conducted based on a review of current Russian methodological guidelines for key anatomical regions of the body and on examples of three clinical cases from own experience.

Results: The highest radiation doses are observed during contrast-enhanced CT of combined anatomical areas, reaching 23.75 to 25.15 mSv per examination. A review of national methodological guidelines on radiological diagnostics and the results of CT and MRI scans in the presented clinical cases revealed opportunities for expanding MRI application within the practice of the Radiology Center, particularly for specific pathologies and anatomical regions while reducing the radiation load on patients.

Conclusion: Need for more active use of MRI is primarily based on the need to reduce individual radiation exposure during diagnostic examinations, which is particularly relevant for personnel occupationally exposed to ionizing radiation. For several anatomical regions, MRI demonstrates diagnostic accuracy comparable to CT and can be effectively used for follow-up without repeated radiation exposure. This is particularly important for reducing cumulative doses among workers employed in industries with sources of ionizing radiation during CT. These findings support the integration of MRI as a dose-sparing diagnostic alternative in the clinical workflow of the Radiology Center at the FMBC.

Keywords: personnel, radiation diagnostics, computed tomography, radiation doses, radiation safety, justification principle, magnetic resonance imaging, diagnostic potential, A.I. Burnazyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center

For citation: Matkevich EI. Expanded Application of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Practice of the Radiology Center: Necessity and Feasibility. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2026;71(1):96–105. (In Russian). DOI:10.33266/1024-6177-2026-71-1-96-105

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 PDF (RUS) Full-text article (in Russian)

Conflict of interest. The author declare no conflict of interest.

Financing. The study had no sponsorship.

Contribution. Matkevich E.I. – definition of the research goal and objectives, information search and analysis of methodological recommendations, creation of tables and their description, comparative analysis of clinical examples of CT and MRI scans, preparation of drawings and the manuscript as a whole.

Article received: 20.11.2025. Accepted for publication: 25.12.2025.

Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2026. Vol. 71. № 1

DOI:10.33266/1024-6177-2026-71-1-90-95

O.A. Afukova¹, M. Yu. Fedyanin^{2, 3, 4}, A.L. Yudin¹, A.S. Vinokurov^{1, 3, 5},
A.S. Kovaleva^{3, 6}, E.V. Kotova⁴, N.S. Donchenko³

Accidental Detection of Pulmonary Embolism According To CT in Cancer Patients with Low and Intermediate Risk of Thrombosis – Features of Radiology Diagnosis and Risk Factors

¹ N.I. Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia

² N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, Russia

³ Moscow Multidisciplinary Clinical Center «Kommunarka», Moscow, Russia

⁴ N.I. Pirogov National Medical and Surgical Center, Moscow, Russia

⁵ City Hospital № 24, Moscow, Russia

⁶ Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia

Contact person: O.A. Afukova, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Abstract

Purpose: To evaluate the factors associated with asymptomatic pulmonary embolism (PE) in oncology patients with low/intermediate risk (Horan scale), as well as to determine the methodological features of CT, which make it possible to identify CT signs of PE in the absence of clinical symptoms. 

Material and methods: Out of 104 patients who underwent contrast-enhanced CT, 65 with low and intermediate risk on the Horan scale were selected, in which the data were evaluated: gender, age, ECOG scale, tumor localization and stage, type of antitumor drug therapy, taking glucocorticosteroids and anticoagulants before PE was detected, the timing of PE detection, the presence of thrombosis of any localization, hospitalization in the previous 3 months before PE detection for any reason, surgical benefits, injuries and fractures in the anamnesis, a new coronavirus infection (with laboratory confirmation), radiation therapy, varicose veins of the lower extremities, diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease, coronary heart disease, hypertension, the presence of a venous port for chemotherapy. Laboratory parameters were evaluated: the level of hemoglobin, leukocytes, platelets, D-dimer, the risk of thrombosis was assessed according to the following scales: Korana, PROTECHT, CONCO, Vienna CATSCORE, ONCOTEV, COMPASS, as well as survival after PE detection. 

Results: When distributing patients according to the risk of thrombosis, when using the COMPASS scale, patients at high risk of thrombosis in this sample were more often identified (87.7 %). The remaining scales considered classified patients at high risk from 9.2 % to 41.5 %. The median overall survival was 16 months. Correlation evaluation of the Horan, PROTECHT, CONCO, Vienna CATSCORE, ONCOTEV, and COMPASS scales revealed that all scales except COMPASS VTE significantly correlated with each other. During the correlation analysis, a moderate (k=0.243) correlation of the COMPASS scale with the PE index (Quanadli) was noted with a significance of p=0.055. The tumor T index correlated (k = –0.288, p=0.025); endocrinotherapy (k=0.283, p=0.025); radiation therapy (k=0.257, p=0.042); an increase in the level of D-Dimer (k=0.309, p=0.015). However, no influence of factors on the PE index was noted during the regression analysis. The most reasonable protocol for CT patient contrast to detect asymptomatic PE is the split-bolus technique.

Keywords: CT, CT-angiopulmonography, split-bolus, contrast enhancement, pulmonary thromboembolism, oncology, thrombosis

For citation: Afukova OA, Fedyanin MYu, Yudin AL, Vinokurov AS, Kovaleva AS, Kotova EV, Donchenko NS. Accidental Detection of Pulmonary Embolism According To CT in Cancer Patients with Low and Intermediate Risk of Thrombosis – Features of Radiology Diagnosis and Risk Factors. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2026;71(1):90–95. DOI:10.33266/1024-6177-2026-71-1-90-95

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 PDF (RUS) Full-text article (in Russian)

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Financing. The study had no sponsorship.

Contribution. Afukova O.A. – collection and analysis of literary material, writing the text; Fedyanin M.Yu. – development of the research concept. Scientific editing of the text; Yudin A.L. – scientific editing of the text; Vinokurov A.S. – development of the research concept, writing the text; Kovaleva A.S. – development and modification of research methods; Kotova E.A. – statistical data processing; Donchenko N.S. – development of the research design.

Article received: 20.11.2025. Accepted for publication: 25.12.2025.

Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2026. Vol. 71. № 1

DOI:10.33266/1024-6177-2026-71-1-106-112

T.Yu. Mushkarina¹, E.G. Kuzmina¹, L.Yu. Grivtsova¹, G.V. Afonin¹, V.A. Biryukov¹,
S.A. Ivanov^{1, 2}, A.D. Kaprin^{2, 3, 4}

Response of Circulating Regulatory T Cells to Chemoradiotherapy
of Lung Cancer and Brachytherapy for Prostate Cancer

¹ А.F. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre, Obninsk, Russia

² Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia

³ National Medical Research Radiological Centre, Obninsk, Russia

⁴ Р.A. Hertsen Moscow Oncology Research Institute, Moscow, Russia 

Contact person: Т.Yu. Mushkarina, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

ABSTRACT

Purpose: To evaluate the dynamics of circulating regulatory T cells (Treg) and changes in their adenosine-dependent functional suppressor activity during chemoradiotherapy of lung cancer (LC) and brachytherapy for prostate cancer (PC). 

Material and methods: The study included 19 patients with LC (38 cytometric peripheral blood tests at three control points of chemoradiotherapy) and 23 patients with PC (66 cytometric tests at four control points of brachytherapy). Two control groups were used in the analysis: the main group (40 practically healthy people, blood donors: 22 women and 18 men) to assess the initial level of Treg cells in LC; and an additional group (14 practically healthy people, blood donors) to study the functional activity of Treg cells in patients with LC and PC. The content of Treg cells in patients at the onset of PC was compared with a subgroup of men in the main control group (n=18). Statistical data processing was performed using the Mann–Whitney U-test (pairwise comparison) and the Kruskal‒Wallis criterion (multiple comparison).

Results: Patients with LC and PC before treatment showed a statistically significant increase in the level of circulating Treg cells compared with control values (p<0.05). Chemoradiotherapy with LC led to a significant decrease in the absolute number of Treg cells (p<0.05), but their relative number did not change significantly (p>0.05), which apparently indicates that this subpopulation of cells is not highly sensitive to treatment compared with other lymphocyte subsets. In contrast to Treg cells, the number of B and NK cells decreased more significantly, T helper cells decreased comparably, and T cytotoxic cells decreased to a lesser extent. PC brachytherapy had no statistically significant effect on the level of Treg cells and other lymphocyte subsets (p>0.05). The level of CD39 expression on Treg cells remained stable during treatment with LC and PC and corresponded to the control values (p>0.05).

Conclusion: The high content of Treg cells after chemoradiotherapy LC and PC brachytherapy indicates the persistence of immunosuppression at the systemic level, which negatively affects the results of treatment. The development of strategies for targeted modulation of Treg cells is necessary to increase the effectiveness of cancer therapy.

Keywords: regulatory T cells, lymphocyte subsets, lung cancer, chemoradiotherapy, prostate cancer, brachytherapy

For citation: Mushkarina TYu, Kuzmina EG, Grivtsova LYu, Afonin GV, Biryukov VA, Ivanov SA, Kaprin AD.Response of Circulating Regulatory T Cells to Chemoradiotherapy of Lung Cancer and Brachytherapy for Prostate Cancer. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2026;71(1):106–112. (In Russian). DOI:10.33266/1024-6177-2026-71-1-106-112

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 PDF (RUS) Full-text article (in Russian)

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Financing. The study had no sponsorship.

Contribution. T.Yu. Mushkarina – conducting research, performing statistical data analysis, drafting the manuscript; E.G. Kuzmina – scientific text editing, research design development, scientific guidance; L.Yu. Grivtsova – scientific text editing; G.V. Afonin –  collecting research material; V.A. Biryukov – collecting the material; S.A. Ivanov – development of the research concept; A.D. Kaprin – development of the research concept.

Article received: 20.11.2025. Accepted for publication: 25.12.2025.