JOURNAL DESCRIPTION
The Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety journal ISSN 1024-6177 was founded in January 1956 (before December 30, 1993 it was entitled Medical Radiology, ISSN 0025-8334). In 2018, the journal received Online ISSN: 2618-9615 and was registered as an electronic online publication in Roskomnadzor on March 29, 2018. It publishes original research articles which cover questions of radiobiology, radiation medicine, radiation safety, radiation therapy, nuclear medicine and scientific reviews. In general the journal has more than 30 headings and it is of interest for specialists working in thefields of medicine¸ radiation biology, epidemiology, medical physics and technology. Since July 01, 2008 the journal has been published by State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency. The founder from 1956 to the present time is the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, and from 2008 to the present time is the Federal Medical Biological Agency.
Members of the editorial board are scientists specializing in the field of radiation biology and medicine, radiation protection, radiation epidemiology, radiation oncology, radiation diagnostics and therapy, nuclear medicine and medical physics. The editorial board consists of academicians (members of the Russian Academy of Science (RAS)), the full member of Academy of Medical Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, corresponding members of the RAS, Doctors of Medicine, professor, candidates and doctors of biological, physical mathematics and engineering sciences. The editorial board is constantly replenished by experts who work in the CIS and foreign countries.
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The main working language of the journal is Russian, an additional language is English, which is used to write titles of articles, information about authors, annotations, key words, a list of literature.
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The two-year impact factor of RISC, according to data for 2017, was 0.439, taking into account citation from all sources - 0.570, and the five-year impact factor of RISC - 0.352.
Выпуски журналов
Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2025. Vol. 70. № 6
DOI:10.33266/1024-6177-2025-70-6-97-101
A. Zherniakova1, V. Yudina1, O. Krysiuk1, 2
Leukopenia of Undetermined Significance in a Person with Long-term Exposure to Ionizing Radiation: a Perspective on Clonal Hematopoiesis (Clinical Case)
1 Russian Research Institute of Hematology and Transfusiolog, Saint Petersburg, Russia
2 Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
Contact person: A. Zherniakova, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Abstract
Relevance: The phenomenon of clonal hematopoiesis (CH) is usually considered as a biological condition that precedes the development of a number of diseases and pathological processes, primarily haematological malignancies (HM). The concept of CH includes a number of conditions, among which is idiopathic cytopenia of undetermined significance (ICUS), which is defined in the presence of persistent cytopenia in more than one hematopoietic germ and the absence of criteria for myeloid neoplasm and other HM. CH is preceded by the occurrence of genomic instability and the appearance of genetic defects at various levels. The study of factors that can contribute to the transformation of CH into a pathological process is the field of particular interest is. It has been established that low doses of ionizing radiation (IR) is capable of inducing damage at the genetic and epigenetic levels. The dependence of the IR effect on the radiation dose is non-monotonic and polymodal. Recently, data has emerged that the action of small doses of IR can lead to genomic instability, and therefore may cause CH.
Purpose: The aim of this study was to present a clinical case for further discussion of the optimal medical tactics for treatment of a patient with leukopenia of undetermined significance and a history of prolonged contact with IR.
Material and methods: A patient, who had almost 40 years of contact with IR that did not exceed the maximum permissible annual dose (20 mSv per year), underwent a comprehensive examination and observation for two years. All diagnostic and therapeutic measures were performed according to the current National Clinical Guidelines of the Russian Federation, as well as International Standards and Protocols.
Results: The program of examination and monitoring of various parameters in a patient with leukopenia of undetermined significance and a long-term contact with IR is presented and discussed. It included both routine examinations and highly specific hematological and other studies in order to conduct a comprehensive assessment of the patient’s condition and the risks of various pathological conditions. Conclusion: The study of the effect of radiation-induced genetic instability on the clonal expansion is relevant for health monitoring and preventive diagnostics of HM and somatic pathology in individuals with long-term contact with IR in small doses.
Keywords: ionising radiation, professional exposure, clonal hematopoiesis, leukopenia of undetermined significance
For citation: Zherniakova A, Yudina V, Krysiuk O. Leukopenia of Undetermined Significance in a Person with Long-term Exposure to Ionizing Radiation: a Perspective on Clonal Hematopoiesis (Clinical Case). Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2025;70(6):97–101. (In Russian). DOI:10.33266/1024-6177-2025-70-6-97-101
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PDF (RUS) Full-text article (in Russian)
Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Financing. The study had no sponsorship.
Contribution. Araticle was prepared with equal participation of the authors.
Editing of the manuscript: O.B. Krysyuk.
Article received: 20.07.2025. Accepted for publication: 25.08.2025.
Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2025. Vol. 70. № 6
DOI:10.33266/1024-6177-2025-70-6-102-107
I.A. Galstyan, A.Yu. Bushmanov, M.V. Konchalovsky,
V.Yu. Nugis, N.A. Metlyaeva, O.V. Shcherbatykh, L.A. Yunanova
Bone Marrow Hematopoiesis of Chronic Radiation Syndrome (Literature Review)
A.I. Burnazyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Moscow, Russia
Contact person: I.A. Galstyan, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
ABSTRACT
The literature data on the state of bone marrow hematopoiesis in patients with chronic radiation syndrome (CRS) are presented. Former employees of the Mayak software who were diagnosed with CRS showed moderate hypoplasia of granulocytopoiesis and megakaryocytopoiesis during the period of disease formation, while maintaining or activating erythropoiesis. At the same time, there was no marked suppression of bone marrow hematopoiesis in residents of the polluted territory in the Southern Urals during the period of CRS formation, however, a statistically significant decrease in the number of erythroblasts and an increase in the number of oxyphilic normocytes (more than 5.6 %) were detected, which may indicate accelerated maturation of erythrocaryocytes. Partial erythropoiesis hyperplasia was noted with high statistical significance in 34.2 % of the irradiated patients, and in 81.6 % there was a delay in maturation of neutrophil granulocytes at the myelocyte level (neutrophil maturation index >1.0), which may be due to functional insufficiency of granulopoiesis. In the long-term period (12–25 years after the cessation of radiation), hematopoiesis remained normal in individuals exposed to doses up to 2 Gy and with absorbed doses in the skeleton up to 1 Sv, according to the study of bone marrow punctures and trepan biopsies. Hypoplastic changes in the bone marrow were observed during irradiation with a dose rate of more than 1 Gy /year and with the incorporation of plutonium exceeding the maximum permissible content by more than 5 times.
Keywords: bone marrow hematopoiesis, chronic radiation syndrome, period of formation, period of long-term consequences, bone marrow punctate, trepanobioptat
For citation: Galstyan IA, Bushmanov AYu, Konchalovsky MV, Nugis VYu, Metlyaeva NA, Shcherbatykh OV, Yunanova LA. Bone Marrow Hematopoiesis of Chronic Radiation Syndrome (Literature Review). Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2025;70(6):102–107. (In Russian). DOI:10.33266/1024-6177-2025-70-6-102-107
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PDF (RUS) Full-text article (in Russian)
Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Financing. The study had no sponsorship.
Contribution. Article was prepared with equal participation of the authors.
Article received: 20.07.2025. Accepted for publication: 25.08.2025.
Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2025. Vol. 70. № 6
DOI:10.33266/1024-6177-2025-70-6-115-120
Yu.V. Varlamova1, K.D. Kurushin2, M.A. Sazonova3, Yu.N. Ilyushenkova1,
S.I. Sazonova1
Experience for Assessing the Radiochemical Purity
of Radiopharmaceutical 99mTc-MIBI in the Radionuclide Diagnostics Department
1 Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk NRMC, Tomsk, Russia
2 Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia;
3 Tomsk Polytechnic University Lyceum , Tomsk, Russia
Contact person: Yu.V. Varlamova, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
ABSTRACT
Purpose: To analyze the accumulated experience and compare the results of radiochemical purity (RCP) assessment of the 99mTc-MIBI with the quality of myocardial perfusion images (MPI).
Material and methods: From October 2023 to March 2025, a total of 1,163 RCP analyses of ⁹⁹ᵐTc-MIBI were conducted using thin-layer chromatography (TLC) in the Department of Nuclear Medicine of the Cardiology Research Institute, Tomsk NRMC. Intra- and inter-operator reproducibility of TLC results were evaluated using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC, 95 % CI). The retrospective study included 100 patients who underwent myocardial perfusion imaging. Diagnostic image quality was independently assessed by two radiologist using both visual evaluation and quantitative analysis (heart-to-liver ratio). Spearman’s correlation coefficient was used to compare TLC results with scintigraphic image quality.
Results: The average content of radiochemical impurities (RCI) in ⁹⁹ᵐTc-MIBI was 9.8 ± 9.95 %. The TLC demonstrated acceptable reproducibility both within and between operators, with intra- and inter-operator ICC values of 0.537 (95 % CI: 0.131–0.790) and 0.786 (95 % CI: 0.376–0.941), respectively. A significant decreasing of the heart-to-liver ratio was observed with increasing of RCI levels: for RCI <10 % – 0.93 (0.79–1.07); for RCI 10–15 % – 0.65 (0.49–0.82); and for RCI 15–20 % – 0.51 (0.46–0.72). In 15 % of cases, the myocardial perfusion images were non-diagnostic, predominantly when RCI exceeded 15 %. Statistically significant indirect correlation between RCI levels and the heart-to-liver ratio (r = –0.581, p = 0.0001), as well as between RCI levels and the visual quality of myocardial perfusion images (r = –0.504, p = 0.0001) was found.
Conclusion: The radiochemical purity of ⁹⁹ᵐTc-MIBI has a direct impact on the diagnostic quality of myocardial perfusion images. For clinical use, the recommended threshold for radiochemical impurities in this radiopharmaceutical should not exceed 15 % (i.e., RCP ≥ 85 %).
Keywords: 99mTc-MIBI, radiochemical purity, thin-layer chromatography, myocardial perfusion scintigraphy
For citation: Varlamova YuV, Kurushin KD, Sazonova MA, Ilyushenkova YuN, Sazonova SI. Experience for Assessing the Radiochemical Purity of Radiopharmaceutical 99mTc-MIBI in the Radionuclide Diagnostics Department. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2025;70(6):115–120. (In Russian). DOI:10.33266/1024-6177-2025-70-6-115-120
References
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PDF (RUS) Full-text article (in Russian)
Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Financing. The study had no sponsorship.
Contribution. Article was prepared with equal participation of the authors.
Article received: 20.07.2025. Accepted for publication: 25.08.2025.
Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2025. Vol. 70. № 6
DOI:10.33266/1024-6177-2025-70-6-108-114
T.V. Vishnevskaya1, E.V. Bronikovskaya1, M.Yu. Tsyplenkova1,
D.S. Isubakova1, O.S. Tsymbal1, I.V. Milto1, 2, R.M. Takhauov1, 2
The Importance of an Increased Frequency of Chromosomal Aberrations of Blood Lymphocytes in the Formation of Malignant Neoplasms in Workers of an Atomic Energy Facility
1 Seversk Biophysical Research Center, Seversk, Russia
2 Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia
Contact person: Tatyana V. Vishnevskaya, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. , This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
ABSTRACT
Purpose: To carry out a comparative analysis of the frequency of chromosomal aberrations of blood lymphocytes in conditionally healthy workers of an atomic energy facility and workers with malignant neoplasms who were exposed to external gamma radiation in the course of their professional activities.
Material and methods: The material for the study was the venous blood of workers exposed to ionizing radiation during the performance of their work duties (external exposure to gamma radiation). The study included 58 male production workers, who were divided into two groups: group I (n = 42, workers with no history of hypertension at the time of blood collection) and group II (n = 16 workers with malignant neoplasm). When forming the sample, workers with internal and/or combined radiation were excluded. Cytogenetic analysis was performed on cultured blood lymphocytes after routine staining with Giemsa dye.
Results: When comparing the frequency of chromosomal aberrations in blood lymphocytes of conditionally healthy workers of an ionizing radiation facility and workers of an ionizing radiation facility with malignant neoplasms, an increase in the frequency of chromosomal fragments (p = 0.0207) was revealed in workers of an ionizing radiation facility with malignant neoplasms. The frequencies of other types of chromosomal aberrations studied (chromatid fragments, dicentric and ring chromosomes) do not differ between the groups.
Discussion: Cytogenetic analysis of chromosomal aberrations in blood cells is a reliable and highly sensitive method for assessing radiation exposure. Chromosomal abnormalities serve as a biological marker of ionizing radiation. An increase in the frequency of chromosomal aberrations may indicate damage to the DNA structure, which is mainly due to a decrease in the ability of cells to repair it in workers of an atomic energy facility with malignant neoplasms.
Conclusion: Considering that ionizing radiation is one of the harmful production factors of an atomic energy facility, the main pathogenetic mechanism of action on a cell is DNA damage, employees of an atomic energy facility who are exposed in the course of their professional activities belong to the group of increased risk of malignant neoplasms. In this regard, careful medical supervision of employees of an atomic energy facility who are exposed to man-made ionizing radiation during their professional activities is necessary for the prevention and timely detection of malignant neoplasms. Based on the results obtained, it is advisable to recommend routine cytogenetic blood testing of employees of an atomic energy facility during preliminary and periodic medical examinations to form groups at increased risk of developing malignant neoplasms.
Keywords: chromosomal aberrations, professional exposure, malignant neoplasms, cytogenetic study, blood lymphocytes
For citation: Vishnevskaya TV, Bronikovskaya EV, Tsyplenkova MYu, Isubakova DS, Tsymbal OS, Milto IV, Takhauov RM. The Importance of an Increased Frequency of Chromosomal Aberrations of Blood Lymphocytes in the Formation of Malignant Neoplasms in Workers of an Atomic Energy Facility. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2025;70(6):108–114. (In Russian). DOI:10.33266/1024-6177-2025-70-6-108-114
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PDF (RUS) Full-text article (in Russian)
Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Financing. The study was carried out as part of a state assignment, the topic of which was ‟Studying the Association of Gene Variability in Cell Signal Transduction Pathways with Increased Frequency of Chromosomal Aberrations in Blood Lymphocytes of Employees at the Siberian Chemical Plant”.
Contribution. Vishnevskaya T.V. – preparation of the article text, analysis and interpretation of data, collection and analysis of the manuscript material, development of the research concept and design; Bronikovskaya E.V. – conducting experiments, Tsyplenkova M.Yu., Tsymbal O.S. – conducting experiments and statistical data processing; Isubakova D.S. – development of the research concept, internal audit, Milto I.V. – scientific editing of the text, verification of critical intellectual content; Takhauov R.M. – scientific editing of the text, approval of the final version of the manuscript.
Article received: 20.07.2025. Accepted for publication: 25.08.2025.
Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2025. Vol. 70. № 6
DOI:10.33266/1024-6177-2025-70-6-121-128
S.M. Minin1, Zh.Zh. Anashbaev1, N.V. Novikova1, E.A. Samoilova1,
S.I. Sazonova2, N.V. Salin2, S.M. Korobeinikov3, Yu.B. Lishmanov4,
W.Yu. Ussov1, A.M. Chernyavsky1
The Possibilities of Employing Spect/Ct with 99mtc-MIBI in the Screening of Tumors of the Chest (Lung Cancer, Breast Cancer)
in Patients with Pathology of the Cardiovascular System
1 E.N. Meshalkin National Research Medical Center, Novosibirsk, Russia
2 Scientific Research Institute of Cardiology, Tomsk, Russia
3 Novosibirsk State Technical University, Novosibirsk, Russia
4 National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia
Contact person: Wladimir Yuryevich Ussov, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. , This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Summary
Background: It is assumed that with the screening use of SPECT/CT with 99mTc-MIBI in patients with suspected coronary heart disease, this study may also reveal concomitant cancer at the preclinical pre-metastatic stage in patients who have developed lung cancer or breast cancer, so far only at an asymptomatic stage.
Purpose: To evaluate the possibilities of SPECT/CT with 99mTc-MIBI as a screening method for the diagnosis of lung cancer and breast cancer in the mass examination of patients aged 42‒75 years for coronary artery disease.
Material and methods: The study comprised 1127 patients (796 men and 331 women), aged 39‒80 years, who were studied on an outpatient basis in the Department of Radionuclide Therapy and Diagnostics of the NMIC in the period from April 2022 to October 2024. Аn SPECT/CT examination of the myocardium with 99mTc-MIBI was performed during the diagnosis of coronary heart disease, which completely included the chest area, from the lower neck to the top of the abdominal cavity. Patients who, due to the main focus on the detection of coronary heart disease, did not cover the entire chest area were not included in the study. The SPECT was performed in a 64×64 matrix with 180° rotation of the gamma camera detector, 32‒64 projections, and a rotation radius of 35‒40 cm, with a set of at least 50,000 impulses per each. Up to 50 transverse tomographic sections of the heart and chest were reconstructed, taking into account the tissue absorption of 0.12 cm‒1. A visual analysis was performed for the presence of nodular pathology in the lungs with a uptake of 99mTc-MIBI. The tumor blood flow (РКрОп, ml) were calculated as РКрОп = СПНTc-MIBI × (МО / ВbodyWeightof Patient) × 100, where СПН Tc-MIBI is the standardized uptake value of the radiopharmaceutical, and MO is the minute volume of cardiac output, in ml/min, and 100 is the conversion factor for representing the result in the usual units of ml/min/100 g of tissue. According to the uptake of 99mTc-MIBI in the organs and systems of the patient, the radiation dose for SPECT was calculated using the technique and the MIRD software, as well as the radiation ldose provided by X-ray CT of the examined area, in contrast-free mode and with additional intravenous contrast enhancement.
Results: When using SPECT/CT with 99mTc-MIBI for the diagnosis of coronary heart disease, confirmation of the referral diagnosis was obtained as a transient defect of myocardial perfusion in 23 % of the examined patients, and in 7 % as a persistent defect in perfusion. Along with coronary heart disease, 9 patients (8 men, 1 woman) were diagnosed with clinically asymptomatic lung cancer (6 had central lung cancer, 3 had peripheral one) as a nodular formation with pathological absorption of this radiopharmaceutical. 6 patients with lung cancer had relatively low blood flow in the primary tumor node, 14‒25 ml/min/100 g of tissue (on average, 19.5 ± 3.5 ml/min/100 g of tissue). The stage of the disease was as follows: T1N0M0 – in 2, T2N0M0 – in 2, T3N1M0 – in 1, T2N1M1 – in 1. In three out of nine patients with lung cancer, blood flow in the primary node was significantly higher, ranging from 27‒43 ml/min/100 g of tissue (on average, 34.5 ± 6.2 ml/min/100 g of tissue). Their stages of the disease were T2N1M0 – 2 patients, T3N2M1 – 1 patient, which corresponded to the wellknown relationship “high blood flow in the primary tumor ‒ higher probability of metastasis”. Of the women examined, two had clinically asymptomatic breast cancer, T2N0M0 and T1N1M0, which was first detected during this SPECT/CT.
Conclusions: It is reasonable to believe that SPECT/CT of the heart and chest with 99mTc-MIBI can act not only as a highly sensitive marker of myocardial blood flow, providing outpatient diagnosis of coronary heart disease, but also for screening detection of tumor pathology of the chest organs, due to the oncotropy of this radiopharmaceutical, while minimizing radiation exposure to the patient.
Keywords: SPECT/CT, 99mTc-MIBI, coronary heart disease, screening, lung cancer
For citation: Minin SM, Anashbaev ZhZh, Novikova NV, Samoilova EA, Sazonova SI, Salin NV, Korobeinikov SM, Lishmanov YuB, Ussov WYu, Chernyavsky AM. The Possibilities of Employing Spect/Ct with 99mtc-MIBI in the Screening of Tumors of the Chest (Lung Cancer, Breast Cancer) in Patients with Pathology of the Cardiovascular System. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2025;70(6):121–128. (In Russian). DOI:10.33266/1024-6177-2025-70-6-121-128
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Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Financing. The study was carried out as part of State Assignment No. 123030900018-1 of the Russian Ministry of Health.
Contribution. Article was prepared with equal participation of the authors.
Article received: 20.07.2025. Accepted for publication: 25.08.2025.