Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2019. Vol. 64. No. 1. P. 5–14

RADIATION BIOLOGY

DOI: 10.12737/article_5c55fb17a02054.31513592

Yu.P. Semochkina¹, A.V. Rodina¹, E.Yu. Moskaleva¹, E.S. Zhorova², V.P. Saprykin², S.S. Arzumanov¹, V.V. Safronov³

Malignant Transformation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Different Mouse Tissues after Mixed Gamma-Neutron Irradiation in vitro

1. NRC Kurchatov Institute, Moscow, Russia. E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. ;
2. A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Moscow, Russia;
3. Research Center “Space Materials Science”, Kaluga, Russia

Yu.P. Semochkina – Junior Researcher;
A.V. Rodina – Leading Researcher, PhD Biol.;
E.Yu. Moskaleva – Leading Researcher, Prof. Dr. Sci. Biol., Member of ERRS;
E.S. Zhorova – Leading Researcher, PhD Biol.;
V.P. Saprykin – Leading Researcher, Dr. Sci. Med.;
S.S. Arzumanov – Deputy Head of Department, PhD Phys.-Math.;
V.V. Safronov – Senior Researcher, PhD Phys.-Math.

Abstract

Purpose: To study the possibility of malignant transformation of control and irradiated mesenchymal stromal stem cells (MSC) from the bone marrow (BM) and brain (BR) and from the adipose tissue (AT) of mice and some cytokines secretion after mixed γ,neutron (γ, n) irradiation and γ-irradiation.

Material and methods: MSCs were isolated and cultured according to generally accepted protocols. γ, n-irradiation was carried out by a collimated beam of neutrons and gamma rays at a special station of the nuclear reactor IR-8. MSCs were irradiated at the 29th passage at doses of 0.05; 0.5 and 2 Gy, were cultured for 10 passages and transplanted subcutaneously 1×106 cells to C57BL/6 syngeneic mice. MSCs AT were irradiated at the facility GUT-200M (⁶⁰Co) at doses 1–6 Gy. The level of cytokines in the culture medium of MSC was measured by an ELISA.

Results: A decrease in RBE was observed after radiation dose increasing from 0.5 to 4.0 Gy. The maximum of RBE for all MSCs, equal to 5.5, was observed at a dose of 0.5 Gy. After the dose increasing to 2 Gy an average RBE decreased to 2.5, and at dose 4.0 Gy RBE it was 2.0. Tumors were detected after 5 months after transplantation into syngeneic mice of MSC BM irradiated at doses of 0.05; 0.5 and 2 Gy. After transplantation of control MSCs BM and of control and irradiated MSCs BR and MSC AT, no tumors were detected. After subcutaneous injection of γ-irradiated at doses of 0.1; 1 and 6 Gy MSC AT, unlike MSCs BM, no tumors were detected. Histological examination of tumors revealed signs of a low-grade fibrosarcoma with active proliferation and a high degree of malignancy. Tumors contained inclusions from the derivatives of several tissues of mesenchymal origin – muscular, fatty, cartilaginous and bone. In the case of a tumor that developed after transplantation of MSCs BM exposed to γ,n-radiation at a dose of 0.05 Gy, the contact metastasis was detected in the shoulder with the penetration of tumor cells between the muscle fibers. From the tumors, the mouse fibrosarcoma cell lines were obtained. The highest level of cytokines VEGF, HGF and IL6 was found in the culture medium of MSC AT. The level of TGFβ secretion was practically the same in all studied MSCs. After γ,n-irradiation an increase of VEGF secretion in MSC BM, a decrease of IL6 secretion in MSC BM and MSC BR, and an increase in its secretion in MSC AT were detected.

Conclusions: The obtained results testify the high sensitivity of MSC BM to malignant transformation after ionizing irradiation and the much higher resistance of mouse MSC BR and MSC AT. The mechanisms of these differences are yet not known. The highest level of cytokines VEGF, HGF and IL6 was found in the culture medium of MSC AT. After the action of γ,n-radiation, as well as after the action of γ-radiation, the secretion profile of the investigated cytokines was changed, depending both on the dose and on the type of radiation.

Key words: mesenchymal stem cells, malignant transformation, carcinogenesis, γ-irradiation, γ,n-irradiation, neutrons, bone marrow, brain, adipose tissue, cytokines, mice

REFERENCES

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For citation: Semochkina YuP, Rodina AV, Moskaleva EYu, Zhorova ES, Saprykin VP, Arzumanov SS, Safronov VV. Malignant Transformation of Mesenchymal Stem Cells from Different Mouse Tissues after Mixed Gamma-Neutron Irradiation in vitro. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2019;64(1):5-14. (Russian).

DOI: 10.12737/article_5c55fb17a02054.31513592

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Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2019. Vol. 64. No. 1. P. 21–25

RADIATION MEDICINE

DOI: 10.12737/article_5c55fb247614e5.98844114

I.M. Petoyan, A.M. Lyaginskaya, A.P. Ermalitskiy, V.V. Kuptsov, N.M. Karelina, A.G. Tsoviyanov, A.S. Samoylov

The Reproductive Health of Male Staff of the Kursk Nuclear Power Plant

A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Moscow, Russia. E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

I.M. Petoyan – Head of Lab., PhD Tech.;
A.M. Lyaginskaya – General Researcher, Dr. Sci. Biol., Prof.;
A.P. Ermalitskiy – Leading Researcher, PhD Med.;
V.V. Kuptsov – Senior Researcher;
N.M. Karelina – Research Worker;
A.G. Tsoviyanov – Head of Lab.;
A.S. Samoylov – Director General, Dr. Sci. Med., Prof. RAS

Abstract

Purpose: To assess the reproductive health of male staff in the main departments of the Kursk nuclear power plant (NPP).

Material and methods: The fertility and health of newborns were investigated. Data on marital status of 626 men of the staff and data about 813 newborns in families of male staff were analyzed. In the control group the data on the health status of newborns and pregnant groups of the population of Kurchatov city was used. Sources of information on doses to the personnel were the forms of a single system for monitoring and recording individual doses of radiation № 1-DOS “Information on the doses to persons in the conditions of normal operation of technogenic sources of ionizing radiation”.

Results: Total occupational doses to the end of the main reproductive period (20–40 years) did not exceed 210 mSv, which is significantly below the threshold for temporary sterility during long-term irradiation (400 mSv/year, ICRP). Cases of infertile marriages in the families of the men of the staff (0.17 %) are below the estimation of the frequency of male infertility in Russia (1–2 %).

Infant health in families of male staff and in the control group had no differences. The frequency of birth of health children was 65.3 % in families of male staff and 66.0 % for the control group. Frequency of birth of children with malformations was 35.7±6.5 per 1,000 live births and statistically (p = 0.84) did not differ from the frequency in the control group (37.4±5.3 per 1,000 live births) and was below the level adopted by the ICRP to calculate the radiation genetic risk (60 per 1,000 live births). There were no differences influenced by mother factors (age, diseases and complications during pregnancy) on fetal development and newborn health in families of the staff and control group.

According to the calculations, the total occupational doses to men before the conception of children for more than 98 % of cases did not exceed 100 mSv, i.e. it was below the doses (>100 mSv), for which the genetic effects were observed in the number of epidemiological studies. However, it should be noted that 25.6 % of childbirth were in families, where men were older than 30 years, i.e. at the age, which is not subject to the additional job restrictions under the planned increased exposure.

Conclusions: The impact of occupational exposure on the reproductive health status of men staff of the Kursk NPP was not identified.

Key words: Kursk NPP, male staff, reproductive health, infertility, health status, newborn children

REFERENCES

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For citation: Petoyan IM, Lyaginskaya AM, Ermalitskiy AP, Kuptsov VV, Karelina NM, Tsoviyanov AG, Samoylov AS. The Reproductive Health of Male Staff of the Kursk Nuclear Power Plant. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2018;63(3):21-5. (Russian).

DOI: 10.12737/article_5c55fb247614e5.98844114

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Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2019. Vol. 64. No. 1. P. 15–20

RADIATION BIOLOGY

DOI: 10.12737/article_5c55fb18bed8d6.85887139

I.K. Belyaev

Protection of Spermatogenesis with β-Carothin in Radiation Exposure.
Message 2: Carotenoid Enrichment of Diet with Single Acute External γ-Irradiation

A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Moscow, Russia. E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

I.K. Belyaev – Head of Lab., Senior Researcher, PhD Biol.

Abstract

Purpose: Experimental evaluation of the efficiency of β-carotene by single acute γ-irradiation of spermatogenesis correction radiation-induced disorders in males (♂) of Wistar rats during prolonged carotenoid enrichment of a diet.

Material and methods: Single external gamma irradiation ♂ was performed at the IGUR facility (137Cs, dose rate 0.029 Gy/s). The carotenoid used up on feeding ♂ in a mixture with cottage cheese for 2 months before irradiation, then – throughout the study period three times a week. During the days that ♂ were in cells with intact ♀ β-carotene was administered ♂ orally by a probe in the form of a suspension in vegetable oil. The damage and effectiveness of protection of spermatogenesis of irradiated ♂ were judged by the state of their reproductive function.

Results: β-carotene in intact ♂ rats reduced the overall, pre- and postimplantation embryonic mortality, respectively, from 29 to 14, from 22 to 9, and from 10 to 5 %. At the stage of mature sperm following irradiation ♂ dose of 3 Gy – total and pre-implantation mortality from 45 to 29, and from 23 to 9 %. After irradiation at a dose of 5 Gy – total, an pre- and postimplantation induced embryonic death, respectively, from 67 to 56, from 23 to 13 % and from 56 to 43 %. At the stage of spermatids after irradiation in dose 1 Gy – pre-implantation mortality from 23 to 9 %; in the dose of 3 Gy – the number of dead embryos in pregnant ♀ from 12 to 3; at a dose of 5 Gy total embryonic mortality from 57 to 49 %. Carotenoid enrichment of a diet of ♂ irradiated at doses of 3 and 5 Gy, has not corrective impact on the state indicators of their reproductive function, evaluated at fertilization of ♀ sperm irradiated at the stage of spermatocyte. At the stage of spermatogonia after irradiation at a dose of 3 Gy β-carotene increased fertility of ♂ 7 to 12 living embryos and reduced the overall, before – induced postimplantation mortality, respectively, with 63 and 43, from 42 to 25 and from 35 to 19 %. No statistically significant effect of β-carotene on the weight loss of the gonads irradiated ♂ was revealed. Compared to short-term regimen, long-term enrichment of a diet of irradiated ♂ β-carotene more effectively reduced embryonic mortality of their offspring.

Conclusions: Correction effects of β-carotene enrichment of the diet in radiation-induced disturbances by single acute external γ-irradiation at doses of 3 and 5 Gy of spermatogenesis in Wistar rats at stages of mature spermatozoa, spermatids and spermatogonia have been established.

Key words: external acute γ-irradiation, spermatogenesis, β-carotene, introduction to the diet, rats

REFERENCES

1. Belyaev IK. Protection of spermatogenesis with β-carotene during radiation exposure. Message 1: Single acute external γ-irradiation. Med. Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2018;63(2):5-14. (Russian).

2. Loskutova ZF. Vivarium. Moscow. 1980. 94 p. (Russian).

3. Vakulova LA, Zhidkova TA, Samokhvalov GI, Khristoforov VL. Method for obtaining beta-carotene. 1995. Patent number 2032667. (Russian).

For citation: Belyaev IK. Protection of Spermatogenesis with β-Carothin in Radiation Exposure. Message 2: Carotenoid Enrichment of Diet with Single Acute External γ-Irradiation. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2019;64(1):15-20. (Russian).

DOI: 10.12737/article_5c55fb18bed8d6.85887139

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Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2019. Vol. 64. No. 1. P. 26–30

RADIATION MEDICINE

DOI: 10.12737/article_5c55fb303a76b7.90880128

I.A. Galstyan, A.S. Kretov, L.A. Merzlikin, I.V. Vlasova, A.Yu. Bushmanov, Yu.D. Udalov

Possible Criteria of the Diagnosis of Occupational Lung Cancer in Workers of Uranium Mines

A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Moscow, Russia. E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

I.A. Galstyan – Head of Lab., Dr. Sci. Med.;
A.S. Kretov – Head of Dep.;
L.A. Merzlikin – Specialist in Occupational Medicine, Dr. Sci. Med., Prof.;
I.V. Vlasova – Specialist in Occupational Medicine;
A.Yu. Bushmanov – Deputy Director, Dr. Sci. Med., Prof.;
Yu.D. Udalov – Deputy Director General, PhD Med.

Abstract

Purpose: Search of possible criteria of the diagnosis of occupational lung cancer in workers of uranium mines on the basis of the analysis of literary data.

Material and methods: The analysis of literary data with the purpose of allocation of possible criteria and their use for the diagnosis of occupational lung cancer at 6 employees of uranium mines.

Results: The following criteria for the diagnosis of occupationally caused lung cancer at workers of uranium mines are marked out:

• Total effective dose of radiation exposure is more 200–250 mSv (40–50 WLM).
• Period in underground conditions is not less than 10 years.
• Dust content in a workplace is more than 1 mg/m3.
• Hygienic assessment of working conditions – the 3rd class, 3.2–3.4 degree.
• The latent period of development of a tumor is not less 10 years.
• Development of primary and multiple synchronous or metachronous lung cancer.

Also the diagnosis of occupational lung cancer the pulmonary anamnesis (frequent bronchitis, pneumonia, chronic bronchitis of the smoker) has to be considered.

On the basis of the marked-out criteria documents of 6 employees of uranium mines, at which lung cancer has been revealed, are considered. On the basis of the carried-out analysis at 5 patients relation of a disease with professional activity has been established. One patient was denied this relation.

Conclusion: Authors offer this expert approach to experts’ discussion as above-mentioned criteria is planned to be used by the pathologists who are carrying out observation of workers of uranium production and for the solution of questions of relation of a disease with professional activity of the patient.

Key words: uranium production, radon, lung cancer, occupational diseases, establishment criteria

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For citation: Galstyan IA, Kretov AS, Merzlikin LA, Vlasova IV, Bushmanov AYu, Udalov YuD. Possible Criteria of the Diagnosis of Occupational Lung Cancer in Workers of Uranium Mines. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2019;64(1):26-30. (Russian).

DOI: 10.12737/article_5c55fb303a76b7.90880128

PDF (RUS) Full-text article (in Russian)