SCIENTIFIC AND INFORMATION-ANALYTICAL MAGAZINE

ISSN 1024-6177 (Print), ISSN 2618-9615 (Online)

JOURNAL DESCRIPTION

The Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety journal ISSN 1024-6177 was founded in January 1956 (before December 30, 1993 it was entitled Medical Radiology, ISSN 0025-8334). In 2018, the journal received Online ISSN: 2618-9615 and was registered as an electronic online publication in Roskomnadzor on March 29, 2018. It publishes original research articles which cover questions of radiobiology, radiation medicine, radiation safety, radiation therapy, nuclear medicine and scientific reviews. In general the journal has more than 30 headings and it is of interest for specialists working in thefields of medicine¸ radiation biology, epidemiology, medical physics and technology. Since July 01, 2008 the journal has been published by State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency. The founder from 1956 to the present time is the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, and from 2008 to the present time is the Federal Medical Biological Agency.

Members of the editorial board are scientists specializing in the field of radiation biology and medicine, radiation protection, radiation epidemiology, radiation oncology, radiation diagnostics and therapy, nuclear medicine and medical physics. The editorial board consists of academicians (members of the Russian Academy of Science (RAS)), the full member of Academy of Medical Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, corresponding members of the RAS, Doctors of Medicine, professor, candidates and doctors of biological, physical mathematics and engineering sciences. The editorial board is constantly replenished by experts who work in the CIS and foreign countries.

Six issues of the journal are published per year, the volume is 13.5 conventional printed sheets, 88 printer’s sheets, 1.000 copies. The journal has an identical full-text electronic version, which, simultaneously with the printed version and color drawings, is posted on the sites of the Scientific Electronic Library (SEL) and the journal's website. The journal is distributed through the Rospechat Agency under the contract № 7407 of June 16, 2006, through individual buyers and commercial structures. The publication of articles is free.

The journal is included in the List of Russian Reviewed Scientific Journals of the Higher Attestation Commission. Since 2008 the journal has been available on the Internet and indexed in the RISC database which is placed on Web of Science. Since February 2nd, 2018, the journal "Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety" has been indexed in the SCOPUS abstract and citation database.

Brief electronic versions of the Journal have been publicly available since 2005 on the website of the Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety Journal: http://www.medradiol.ru. Since 2011, all issues of the journal as a whole are publicly available, and since 2016 - full-text versions of scientific articles. Since 2005, subscribers can purchase full versions of other articles of any issue only through the National Electronic Library. The editor of the Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety Journal in accordance with the National Electronic Library agreement has been providing the Library with all its production since 2005 until now.

The main working language of the journal is Russian, an additional language is English, which is used to write titles of articles, information about authors, annotations, key words, a list of literature.

Since 2017 the journal Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety has switched to digital identification of publications, assigning to each article the identifier of the digital object (DOI), which greatly accelerated the search for the location of the article on the Internet. In future it is planned to publish the English-language version of the journal Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety for its development. In order to obtain information about the publication activity of the journal in March 2015, a counter of readers' references to the materials posted on the site from 2005 to the present which is placed on the journal's website. During 2015 - 2016 years on average there were no more than 100-170 handlings per day. Publication of a number of articles, as well as electronic versions of profile monographs and collections in the public domain, dramatically increased the number of handlings to the journal's website to 500 - 800 per day, and the total number of visits to the site at the end of 2017 was more than 230.000.

The two-year impact factor of RISC, according to data for 2017, was 0.439, taking into account citation from all sources - 0.570, and the five-year impact factor of RISC - 0.352.

Issues journals

Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2018. Vol. 63. No. 6. P. 5–20

RADIATION BIOLOGY

DOI: 10.12737/article_5c0b88579b10a6.86596118

A.N. Koterov1, L.N. Ushenkova1, E.S. Zubenkova1, A.A. Wainson2, I.E. Andrianova1, S.N. Luk’yanova1, A.M. Lyaginskaya1, V.N. Mal’tsev1, L.A. Ilyin1, A.S. Samoylov1, V.V. Uiba1

Acceleration of Laboratory Rats: Synthetic Study of Data for the Century in the Aspect of Possible Relationship with Radiosensitivity

1. A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Moscow, Russia. E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. ;
2. N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Centre of Oncology, Moscow, Russia

A.N. Koterov – Head of Lab., Dr. Sci. Biol.; L.N. Ushenkova – Leading Researcher, PhD Biol.;
E.S. Zubenkova – Leading Researcher, PhD Biol.; A.A. Wainson – Head of Group, Dr. Sci. Biol., Prof.;
I.E. Andrianova – Leading Researcher, Dr. Sci. Med.; S.N. Luk’yanova – Chief Researcher, Dr. Sci. Biol., Prof.;
A.M. Lyaginskaya – Chief Researcher, Dr. Sci. Biol., Prof.; V.N. Mal’tsev – Leading Researcher, Dr. Sci. Med., Prof.;
L.A. Ilyin – Dr. Sci. Med., Prof., Academician of RAS; A.S. Samoylov – Director General, Dr. Sci. Med., Prof. RAS;
V.V. Uiba – Dr. Sci. Med., Prof.

Abstract

Purpose: A synthetic study of published data on the growth and development of laboratory rats (albino random-bred, Wistar and Long–Evans) depending on the period of their breeding since 1906 was carried out.

Material and methods: Data for the dynamics of growth and age periods of rats were used for calculations and general analysis.

Results: Acceleration in terms of age–weight indices for strain animals was found: in conditions of complete diets ad libitum the contemporary rats grew several times faster than the bred ones of 1906–1932. For random-bred rats only the tendency to acceleration was obtained. For more than a century, the Wistar males showed an inverse linear correlation between the breeding year and the age (in weeks) at the of the onset of puberty period (according to the Spearman test: r = –0.952; p = 0.00026; Pearson’s criterion: r = –0.950, p = 0.0003). There was also a direct correlation between the body mass of rats at the time of puberty onset and the year of their breeding (according to the Spearman test: r = 0.975; p = 0.005; Pearson criterion: r = 0.927; p = 0.023). The possible reasons for the acceleration of laboratory growth of rats, which are unlikely to be analogous to the factors presumably causing the known ‘growth acceleration’ in humans (changes in natural and artificial lighting, the effect of heterosis, improvement of socio-hygienic conditions, the growth of information flow, warming of the climate, change in the geomagnetic or radiation background, etc.) were discussed. Apparently, in addition to the probability of special and/or subconscious selection during century, the stimulation of rat acceleration may be explained by the ‘increase in living space and resources’ due to improved standards for keeping animals in the modern period (fewer animals in the cage or even an individual cage). In random-bred animals such standards can be apply for economic reasons to a lesser extent.

Conclusions: It is concluded that the physiological, anatomical, possibly behavioral and other standards and patterns for strain rats, including, possibly, its radiosensitivity, published even 30 years ago, and especially more than 50 years ago, should be cautiously transferred to the animals grown under present-day conditions.

Key words: random-bred and strain rats, Wistar, Long–Evans, acceleration of growth, pubertal period, body weight, radiosensitivity

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For citation: Koterov AN, Ushenkova LN, Zubenkova ES, Wainson AA, Andrianova IE, Lukyianova SN, Lyaginskaya AM, Maltcsev VN, Ilyin LA, Samoylov AS, Uiba VV. Acceleration of laboratory rats: synthetic study of data for the century in the aspect of possible relationship with radiosensitivity. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2018;63(4):5-20. (Russian).

DOI: 10.12737/article_5c0b88579b10a6.86596118

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Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2018. Vol. 63. No. 6. P. 21–26

RADIATION SAFETY

DOI: 10.12737/article_5c0c1209d926d4.00249293

E.V. Beresneva1, B.A. Galushkin2, S.V. Gorbunov3, V.N. Klochkov2, V.I. Rubtsov2, A.A. Molokanov2

Simulation Approach in Forecasting Radioactive Situation in Case of Forest Fires in Radioactive Contaminated Zones

1. Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University), Moscow, Russia;
2. A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Moscow, Russia;
3. All-Russian Research Institute of Ministry of Russian Federation for Civil Defense, Emergency and Elimi­nation of Consequences of Natural Disasters, Moscow, Russia. E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. .

E.V. Beresneva – Assoc. Prof., PhD Tech.; B.A. Galushkin – Leading Researcher, Dr. Sci. Tech, Prof.;
S.V. Gorbunov – Chief Researcher, Dr. Sci. Tech.; V.N. Klochkov – Leading Researcher, Dr. Sci. Tech;
V.I. Rubtsov – Head of the Lab., Dr. Sci. Tech.; A.A. Molokanov – Leading Researcher, PhD Tech.

Abstract

Purpose: The accident at the Chernobyl NPP caused radioactive contamination of large areas, including forestry. For the last decades forest fires in the RF tend to increase and, more alarmingly, their burnt-out area significantly expands. So, the risk of large-scale forest fires in the area of radioactive contamination increases. Effectiveness of the measures for radiation protection of population and personnel involved in fire response is directly related to existence of valid methods of radiation situation prognostication. The work is aimed to develop a method of prognostication of radiation situation at forest fire in the area of radioactive contamination, taking into account random nature of atmospheric turbulence and a convective column over the body of fire, and to estimate validity of this method.

Material and methods: Methods of simulation modeling of mass transfer processes in the atmosphere (method of Bird) based on the molecular-kinetic theory and gas-dynamic theory were used when developing the prognostication method.

Results: The simulation model of formation, spreading and fall-out of radioactive cloud taking into account random nature of atmospheric turbulence and presence of a convective column over the body of fire has been developed; the method of prognostication of radiation situation at forest fire in the area of radioactive contamination has been developed and verified based on data of European experiment E1. The relative error of received values in the control points of radiation situation parameters based on data of experiment E1 did not exceed 0.25.

Conclusion: Use of modified method of Bird allowed developing 3D dynamic model of spreading of radioactive impurity into atmosphere at convective rising by heated air flow from underlying surface. This model takes into account random nature of atmospheric turbulence and presence of a convective column over the body of fire which significantly increases accuracy of the method of radiation situation prognostication.

Key words: forest fires, radiation situation, prognostication, method of Bird, dispersion of the Smith–Hosker, convective column, atmospheric turbulence

REFERENCES

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For citation: Beresneva EV, Galushkin BA, Gorbunov SV, Klochkov VN, Rubtsov VI, Molokanov AA. Simulation Approach in Forecasting Radioactive Situation in Case of Forest Fires in Radioactive Contaminated Zones. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2018;63(6):21-26. (Russian).

DOI: 10.12737/article_5c0c1209d926d4.00249293

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Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2018. Vol. 63. No. 6. P. 34–40

RADIATION EPIDEMIOLOGY

DOI: 10.12737/article_5c0b8a6f16bcf5.47924988

I.L. Shafransky, A.R. Tukov, A.P. Birukov, I.V. Sidorin, L.A. Potapova, O.N. Prokhorova, Yu.D. Udalov, L.A. Ilyin, A.M. Lyaginskaya, V.Yu. Soloviev

Estimation of the Excess Relative Risk of Malignant Neoplasms among Workers of the Nuclear Industry – Participants of the Accident Liquidation at the Chernobyl NPP

A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Moscow, Russia. E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

I.L. Shafransky – Senior Researcher, PhD Med.; A.R. Tukov – Head of Lab., PhD Med.;
A.P. Birukov – Head of Dep., Dr. Sci. Med., Prof.; I.V. Sidorin – Senior Researcher, PhD Phys.-Math.;
L.A. Potapova – Senior Researcher, PhD Med.; O.N. Prokhorova – Engineer-Researcher;
Yu.D. Udalov – Deputy Director General, PhD Med.; L.A. Ilyin – Dr. Sci. Med., Prof., Academician of RAS;
A.M. Lyaginskaya – Сhief Researcher, Dr. Sci. Biol., Prof.; V.Yu. Soloviev – Head of Lab., Dr. Sci. Biol., PhD Tech.

Abstract

Purpose: To assess the excess relative risk in terms of 1 Sv on the basis of materials on the incidence of malignant neoplasms of workers in the nuclear industry – liquidators of the Chernobyl accident, as well as part of workers who worked or continue to work with sources of ionizing radiation.

Material and methods: The data base of the Industry Register of persons exposed to radiation as a result of the Chernobyl accident (ORF) was used in the work. Methods of cohort analysis of the accumulated disease incidence were used, based on Poisson regression and Cox regression. Estimates of the ERR at 1 Sv were calculated using both the traditional scheme using the AMFIT module and the modified formula proposed by Paretzke.

Results: It is shown that in some cases, the risk estimates obtained by the modified formula are more realistic, in other cases both estimates have similar values.

Conclusion: Analysis of the incidence of solid neoplasms in the liquidator cohort showed:
1. At the dose range < 200 mSv, point estimates of relative risk indicate that there is no dose-associated risk.
2. In the low-dose range for risk assessment, a modified Poisson regression approach that is free of control specifics should be used.
3. The validity of a dose response is characterized by the risks obtained using a dose of occupational exposure.
4. An important issue is the calculation of the risk of radiation-caused diseases with the use of the total dose received by an individual from all types of radiation.

Key words: radiation risk, malignant neoplasms, doses of different types of radiation, total dose, Chernobyl accident, liquidators

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For citation: Shafransky IL, Tukov AR, Birukov AP, Sidorin IV, Potapova LA, Prokhorova ON, Udalov YuD, Ilyin LA, Lyaginskaya AM, Soloviev VYu. Estimation of the Excess Relative Risk of Malignant Neoplasms among Workers of the Nuclear Industry – Participants of the Accident Liquidation at the Chernobyl NPP. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2018;63(6):34-40. (Russian).

DOI: 10.12737/article_5c0b8a6f16bcf5.47924988

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Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2018. Vol. 63. No. 6. P. 27–33

RADIATION SAFETY

DOI: 10.12737/article_5c0c15499e8d84.42337847

B.A. Galushkin1, S.V. Gorbunov2, V.N. Klochkov1, V.I. Rubtsov1, A.A. Molokanov1

Methodical Apparatus for the Development of Typical Scenarios of Beyond Design Basis Accidents with VVER Reactors in the Planning and Implementation of Protective Measures for the Population

1. A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Moscow, Russia. E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. ;
2. All-Russian Research Institute of Ministry of Russian Federation for Civil Defense, Emergency and Elimination of Consequences of Natural Disasters, Moscow, Russia

B.A. Galushkin – Leading Researcher, Dr. Sci. Tech.; S.V. Gorbunov – Chief Researcher, Dr. Sci. Tech.;
V.N. Klochkov – Leading Researcher, Dr. Sci. Tech.; V.I. Rubtsov – Head of Lab., Dr. Sci. Tech.;
A.A. Molokanov – Leading Researcher, PhD Tech.

Abstract

Purpose: To develop a simple methodological apparatus for constructing typical scenarios of accidents and estimate of emissions of radioactive substances from nuclear power plants with VVER reactors in the planning and implementation of protective measures for the population.

Material and methods: To build the model of release of radionuclides into the environment in case of an accident used literary experimental data of outputs of the radioactive substances from the fuel when it is heating and melting, the destruction of the fuel rod cladding, the use of technical means retention of radioactive substances in the containment of the reactor and their behaviour in the containment (sedimentation, sorption, etc.).

Results: Mathematical apparatus has been developed to quantify the magnitude of emissions of radioactive substances at nuclear power plants with VVER reactors depending on the time for dose-forming radionuclides in the instantaneous rupture of cooling pipelines in the presence of additional failure of NPP safety systems. The amount of emission of each deterministic of an accident correspond to the level 4 to 7 of the INES scale. Radionuclide release into the environment was calculated in the following physical and chemical processes: heating and melting of fuel, depressurization of fuel rod claddings, peculiarities of the behavior of radionuclides in the containment shell (deposition, etc.) and operation of technical means to ensure radiation safety, structural leakages of the buildings. As an example, the assessment of the release of radionuclides into the environment depending on the time for level 5 of the INES accident scale is given.

Conclusion: Methodical apparatus can be used in the construction of typical scenarios for the development of basis accidents and assessment of radioactive emissions at nuclear power plants with VVER reactors in the planning and implementation of protective measures for the population and emergency exercises and training.

Key words: radiation accidents, radionuclides, VVER reactors, scenarios, nuclear fuel element, temperature, melting, emission

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For citation: Galushkin BA, Gorbunov SV, Klochkov VN, Rubtsov VI, Molokanov AA. Methodical Apparatus for the Development of Typical Scenarios of Beyond Design Basis Accidents with VVER Reactors in the Planning and Implementation of Protective Measures for the Population. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2018;63(6):27-33. Russian.

DOI: 10.12737/article_5c0c15499e8d84.42337847

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Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2018. Vol. 63. No. 6. P. 41–50

NUCLEAR MEDICINE

DOI: 10.12737/article_5c0b8d72a8bb98.40545646

V.I. Chernov1,2, E.A. Dudnikova1, V.E. Goldberg1, T.L. Kravchuk1, A.V. Danilova1, R.V. Zelchan1, A.A. Medvedeva1, I.G. Sinilkin1, O.D. Bragina1, N.O. Popova1, A.V. Goldberg1

Positron Emission Tomography in the Diagnosis and Monitoring of Lymphomas

1. Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Tomsk, Russia. E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. ;
2. National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russia.

V.I. Chernov – Deputy Director, Head of Dep., Dr. Sci. Med., Prof.; E.A. Dudnikova – Junior Researcher;
V.E. Goldberg – Deputy Director, Head of Dep., Dr. Sci. Med., Prof.; T.L. Kravchuk – hematologist, PhD Med.;
A.V. Danilova – hematologist; R.V. Zelchan – radiologist, PhD Med.; A.A. Medvedeva – Senior Researcher, PhD Med.;
I.G. Sinilkin – Senior Researcher, PhD Med.; O.D. Bragina   Junior Researcher, PhD Med.;
N.O. Popova – Senior Researcher, PhD Med.; A.V. Goldberg – Junior Researcher, PhD Med.

Abstract

Currently, 18F FDG-PET and 18F FDG-PET/CT are widely used for diagnosis and monitoring of lymphomas. The majority of aggressive lymphomas are characterized by high glycolytic activity, which enables the visualization by using 18F FDG-PET/CT. The use of PET/CT makes it possible to clarify the stage of the disease in 10–30 % of patients, with additional tumor sites typical for advanced stage of lymphomas, which in turn effects on treatment and disease prognosis. The 18F FDG-PET/CT has the advantage over other methods of radiation diagnosis in detecting bone marrow lesions in patients with lymphomas. It has been shown that 18F FDG-PET/CT performed at early stages of chemotherapy allows differentiating patients with favorable lymphoma, which is sufficient for standard therapy and high-risk patients who require more intensive treatment with high-dose regimens of chemotherapy.

After completion of therapy over 60 % of patients with HL and 40 % with aggressive non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas, have residual masses containing necrotic and/or fibrotic tissue and residual neoplastic cells. 18F FDG-PET and 18F FDG-PET/CT has been shown to be useful in identifying residual masses in 30–64 % of patients, by demonstration of persistent metabolic activity on FDG-PET. Between 62–100 % of patients with residual FDG-positive masses have been shown to relapse after first-line chemotherapy. Identification of patients with partial response to chemotherapy indicates the need for continued treatment.

New radiopharmaceuticals for the diagnosis of lymphoma and evaluation of therapy effectiveness are developed. Such promising radiopharmaceuticals are 18F fluorothymidine, a biomarker of cellular proliferation and Ga-68 CXCR4, a chemokine receptor imaging biomarker.

Key words: lymphomas, Hodgkin’s lymphoma, non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas, PET/CT, 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose, 18F-fluorothymidine, 68Ga-CXCR4

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For citation: Chernov VI, Dudnikova EA, Goldberg VE, Kravchuk TL, Danilova AV, Zelchan RV, Medvedeva AA, Sinilkin IG, Bragina OD, Popova NO, Goldberg AV. Positron Emission Tomography in the Diagnosis and Monitoring of Lymphomas. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2018;63(6):42-50. (Russian).

DOI: 10.12737/article_5c0b8d72a8bb98.40545646

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