Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2020. Vol. 65. No. 4. P. 74–86

I.S. Kuznetsova¹, M. Gillies²

Radiation Risk of Leukemia Incidence and Mortality in the Pooled Cohort of Nuclear Industry Workers of Russia and Great Britain

¹ Southern Urals Biophysics Institute, Ozyorsk, Russia
² Centre for Radiation Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Oxford, UK
E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Abstract

Purpose: The estimation of the radiation risk of leukemia incidence and mortality for occupational exposure.

Material and methods: The study was conducted in the pooled cohort comprised 45,817 workers from the two enterprises; 23,443 radiation workers first employed in 1947–2002 from the Sellafield plant (Great Britain) and 22,774 workers from the Mayak PA (Russia) first employed at the main plants in 1948–1982. The period of follow-up was terminated at the end of 2008 for Mayak workers who were Ozyorsk city residents, and at the end of 2005 for Sellafield workers and Mayak workers who had migrated from Ozyorsk.

Results: Comparable radiation risk estimates of leukemia incidence and mortality were found among Mayak PA and Sellafield workers as for the whole dose range and separate dose intervals. Averaged by attained age estimate of excess relative risk per 1 Gy of external gamma-dose was 3.0 (95 % CI: 1.3–6.3) under the assumption of the linear dose–effect model. The quadratic model with attained age modification showed the best quality of fit. Risk estimates were statistically significant in the dose range 0.15–1.5 Gy. There was no evidence of any relationship between leukemia risks and accumulated red bone marrow dose of internal alpha-exposure due to incorporated Pu-239.

Conclusion: Preliminary analysis of the pooled cohort data has demonstrated the feasibility and efficiency of a research project looking at leukemia risks in a joint cohort of Mayak and Sellafield workers. The current study provides further evidence about the already well established link between external-gamma exposure and leukemia risk. However, it fails to provide any firm further evidence about the absence or presence of relationship between plutonium exposure and leukemia risk.

Key words: occupational exposure, radiation risk, incidence, mortality, leukemia, Russia, Great Britain, pooled cohort

For citation: Kuznetsova IS, Gillies M. Radiation Risk of Leukemia Incidence and Mortality in the Pooled Cohort of Nuclear Industry Workers of Russia and Great Britain. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2020;65(4):74-86 (In Russ.).

DOI: 10.12737/1024-6177-2020-65-4-74-86

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Конфликт интересов. Авторы заявляют об отсутствии конфликта интересов.
Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Финансирование. Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки.
Financing. The study had no sponsorship.
Участие авторов. Cтатья подготовлена с равным участием авторов.
Contribution. Article was prepared with equal participation of the authors.
Поступила: 21.08.2020. Принята к публикации: 27.08.2020.
Article received: 21.08.2020. Accepted for publication: 27.08.2020.

Information about the autor:

Kuznetsova I.S. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1214-295X

Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2019. Vol. 64. No. 2. P. 75–81

DOI: 10.12737/article_5ca60c7bba45e9.77708543

K.N. Lyakhova¹, I.A. Kolesnikova^1,5, D.M. Utina^1,5, Yu.S. Severyukhin^1,5, N.N. Budennaya^1,5, A.N. Abrosimova^2,3, A.G. Molokanov¹, M. Lalkovičova^1,4, A.A. Ivanov^1,2,3

Morphofunctional Indicators of the Effects of Protons on the Central Nervous System

1. Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia. E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. ;
2. Institute for Biomedical Problems, Moscow, Russia;
3. A.I. Burnazyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Moscow, Russia;
4. Institute of Experimental Physics, Košice, Slovakia;
5. University “Nature, Society, Man”, Dubna, Russia

K.N. Lyakhova – Junior Researcher;
I.A. Kolesnikova – Junior Researcher;
D.M. Utina – Junior Researcher;
Yu.S. Severyukhin – Researcher;
N.N. Budennaya – Junior Researcher;
A.N. Abrosimova – Senior Researcher, PhD Biol.;
A.G. Molokanov – Senior Researcher, PhD Tech.;
M. Lalkovičova – Researcher, PhD Biol.; 
A.A. Ivanov – Head of Lab., Dr. Sci. Med., Prof.

Abstract

Purpose: Investigation of the dose–time–effect dependency of the behavior of mice and rats after irradiation with accelerated protons and comparison of these data with the morphological changes in the hippocampus and the cerebellum of rodents.

Material and methods: Experiments were performed on outbred adult female ICR mice (CD-1), SPF categories, body weight 30–35 g, of the age of 10 weeks – total number 61 animals, and on 39 male Sprague Dawley outbred rats weighing 190–230 g, aged 6.5–7.5 weeks. The animals were irradiated with accelerated protons with energy of 70 MeV on the medical beam of the phasotron of the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (Dubna). Mice were placed in individual containers and irradiated 4 ones at a time. Irradiation was performed in a modified Bragg peak at doses of 0.5; 1; 2.5 and 5 Gy in caudocranial and craniocaudal direction. Rats were divided into 2 groups: intact control and group irradiated with 170 MeV protons at a dose of 1 Gy, dose rate of 1 Gy / min in the craniocaudal direction. The behavioral responses of experimental animals were tested in the Open Field test on days 1, 7, 14, 30, 90 in rats and on days 8, 30, and 90 in mice. Quantitative analysis of the dilution of Purkinje cells in the rat cerebellum was made, as well as morphological changes in the rat hippocampal neurons. It was shown a development of structural changes after irradiation with protons in neurons of different severity at different times after exposure: after 30 and 90 days.

Results: In the period of 1–8 days after proton irradiation of mice and rats in non-lethal doses (0.5–5.0 Gy), there is a dose-independent decrease in the main indicators of the spontaneous locomotor activity of rodents.
By the 90th day after irradiation, there is a clear tendency to normalize the indicators of OIR in all groups of irradiated animals, while the ES remains elevated.
Disruption of motor activity of rodents irradiated with protons in the early period and its relative normalization in the late post-irradiation period occur on the background of an increased number of morphologically altered and dystrophic neurons in the hippocampus and rarefied of Purkinje cells in the cerebellum.

Conclusion: The complex hierarchical structure of the central nervous system, the dependence of its function on the state of the whole organism and its hormonal background, as well as on the state of the blood supply and other factors, along with its high plasticity, require complex physiological, morphological and neurochemical approaches in analyzing the radiobiological effect of corpuscular radiation, taking into consideration the unevenness in dose distribution during irradiation.

Key words: protons, neurons, hippocampus, cerebellum, brain, behavior, open field, orienting-exploratory reaction, emotional status, rats, mice

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For citation: Lyakhova KN, Kolesnikova IA, Utina DM, Severyukhin YuS, Budennaya NN, Abrosimova AN, Molokanov AG, Lalkovičova M, Ivanov AA. Morphofunctional Indicators of the Effects of Protons on the Central Nervous System. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2019;64(2):75-81. (Russian).

DOI: 10.12737/article_5ca60c7bba45e9.77708543

PDF (RUS) Full-text article (in Russian)

Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2020. Vol. 65. No. 4. P. 87–96

T.V. Azizova, M.V. Bannikova, E.S. Grigoryeva, G.V. Zhuntova, M.B. Moseeva, E.V. Bragin

Registry for Chronic Radiation Sickness in a Cohort of Mayak PA Workers Exposed to Ionizing Radiation

Southern Urals Biophysics Institute, Ozyorsk, Chelyabinsk region, Russia
E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Abstract

Purpose: To present descriptive characteristics, and structure of the chronic radiation sickness (CRS) registry prospects of its use.

Material and methods: A registry for CRS diagnosed in workers of the nuclear production facility Mayak Production Association (PA) throughout the follow-up period of 1948–2018 was established within a medical and dosimetry database ‘Clinic’ of the Southern Urals Biophysics Institute.

Results: The CRS registry includes 2068 cases: 1517 (73.4 %) in males and 551 (26.6 %) in females. Almost all workers (97.9 %) with CRS were hired at the Mayak PA in 1948–1954 and chronically externally and/or internally exposed to ionizing radiation. At a date of CRS diagnosis the mean cumulative red bone marrow absorbed dose of external exposure to gamma rays was 1.1 ± 0.7 Gy in males and 1.0 ± 0.6 Gy in females; the mean annual dose was 0.46 ± 0.33 Gy and 0.38 ± 0.22 Gy in males and females, respectively; maximum annual dose was 0.67 ± 0.46 Gy and 0.55 ± 0.34 Gy in males and females, respectively. The CRS frequency in the Mayak PA worker cohort significantly increased with the cumulative and mean annual RBM absorbed dose of external exposure to gamma rays. In the meantime, the CRS frequency was not associated either with a dose of external neutron exposure or with a dose of internal exposure to alpha particles from incorporated plutonium.

Conclusion: The established CRS registry providing complete high quality demographical, medical and dosimetry information, together with available biological specimens, in future will allow: the updating of dose–response and dose–time–response relationships; the estimation of latent periods, risks and dose thresholds and associated uncertainties for CRS development; certain tissue reactions in lymphoid and haematopoietic tissues; and a better understanding of their development patterns and mechanisms, taking into account non-radiation factors.

Key words: chronic gamma-ray exposure, chronic radiation sickness, red bone marrow, occupational radiation exposure, Mayak PA

For citation: Azizova TV, Bannikova MV, Grigoryeva ES, Zhuntova GV, Mosseva MB, Bragin EV. Registry for Chronic Radiation Sickness in a Cohort of Mayak PA Workers Exposed to Ionizing Radiation. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2020;65(4):87-96 (In Russ.).

DOI: 10.12737/1024-6177-2020-65-4-87-96

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Конфликт интересов. Авторы заявляют об отсутствии конфликта интересов.
Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Финансирование. Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки.
Financing. The study had no sponsorship.
Участие авторов. Cтатья подготовлена с равным участием авторов.
Contribution. Article was prepared with equal participation of the authors.
Поступила: 29.07.2020. Принята к публикации: 12.08.2020.
Article received: 29.07.2020. Accepted for publication: 12.08.2020.

Information about the autors:

Azizova T.V. http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6954-2674
Bannikova M.V. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2755-6282
Grigoryeva E.S. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1806-9922
Zhuntova G.V. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4407-3749
Moseeva M.B. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3741-6600
Bragin E.V. http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0410-5048

Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2019. Vol. 64. No. 2. P. 70–74

DOI: 10.12737/article_5ca607bf670c97.49055999

K.E. Medvedeva, I.A. Gulidov, Yu.S. Mardynski, D.V. Gogolin, K.B. Gordon, A.V. Semenov, O.G. Lepilina, A.D. Kaprin, А.А. Kostin, S.A. Ivanov

Proton Therapy for Re-Irradiation of Recurrent Gliomas

A.F. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center, Obninsk, Russia. E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

K.E. Medvedeva – Junior Researcher;
I.A.Gulidov – Head of Dep., Dr. Sci. Med., Prof.;
Yu.S. Mardynski – Chef Researcher, Corr. Member RAS, Dr. Sci. Med., Prof.;
D.V. Gogolin – Senior Researcher, PhD Med.;
K.B. Gordon – Researcher at the West German Proton Therapy Center, (Essen, Germany), PhD Med.;
A.V. Semenov – Junior Researcher; O.G. Lepilina – Research Assistant;
A.D. Kaprin – Director General, Academic RAS, Dr. Sci. Med., Prof.;
A.A. Kostin – First Deputy of Director General, Dr. Sci. Med., Prof. RAS;
S.A. Ivanov – Director, Dr. Sci. Med., Prof. RAS

Abstract

Purpose: To define efficiency and safety of use of the active scanning proton beam in reirradiation of recurrent malignant gliomas.

Material and methods: Researched group included 26 patients who were treated on a complex of proton therapy Prometeus. 57.7 % of tumors were glioblastoma, 26.9 % – gliomas of GII and 15.4 % GIII gliomas. Proton therapy was carried out with use of the active scanning beam, image-guiding system and use of the individual fixing devices. To all patients PET/CT with 11С-methionine and MRI were carried out, target volume delineation was carried out by results of coregistration of both images.

Results: Terms of observation were from 1 to 32 months. The assessment of direct efficiency is carried out at 19 patients in 3 months after completion of treatment. From the group 52.7 % of patients (n = 10) had disease stabilization. At 11.5 % (n = 3) – partial response. Tumor regression volume varied from 50 to 90 %. Progressing of a disease developed in 31.5 % of the considered cases (n = 6). Other 7 patients expect control inspection. 15.4 % (n =  4) patients developed grade 2 radiodermatitis in the field of radiation fields, the remaining 84.6 % (n =  22) had grade 1 radiodermatitis. Of the entire group of patients, only one case of the development of a late radiation complication in the form of radionecrosis is observed at an observation period of 13 months.

Conclusion: Preliminary results of a research showed that performing proton therapy by the active scanning beam is the effective method of treatment of patients with the diagnosed recurrent gliomas, allowing to increase life expectancy of patients with maintaining satisfactory general condition.

Key words: proton therapy, gliomas, recurrent, reirradiation, radiation complications

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For citation: Medvedeva KE, Gulidov IA, Mardynski YuS, Gogolin DV, Gordon KB, Semenov AV, Lepilina OG, Kaprin AD, Kostin АА, Ivanov SA. Proton Therapy for Re-Irradiation of Recurrent Gliomas. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2019;64(2):70-4. (Russian).

DOI: 10.12737/article_5ca607bf670c97.49055999

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