SCIENTIFIC AND INFORMATION-ANALYTICAL MAGAZINE

ISSN 1024-6177 (Print), ISSN 2618-9615 (Online)

JOURNAL DESCRIPTION

The Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety journal ISSN 1024-6177 was founded in January 1956 (before December 30, 1993 it was entitled Medical Radiology, ISSN 0025-8334). In 2018, the journal received Online ISSN: 2618-9615 and was registered as an electronic online publication in Roskomnadzor on March 29, 2018. It publishes original research articles which cover questions of radiobiology, radiation medicine, radiation safety, radiation therapy, nuclear medicine and scientific reviews. In general the journal has more than 30 headings and it is of interest for specialists working in thefields of medicine¸ radiation biology, epidemiology, medical physics and technology. Since July 01, 2008 the journal has been published by State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency. The founder from 1956 to the present time is the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, and from 2008 to the present time is the Federal Medical Biological Agency.

Members of the editorial board are scientists specializing in the field of radiation biology and medicine, radiation protection, radiation epidemiology, radiation oncology, radiation diagnostics and therapy, nuclear medicine and medical physics. The editorial board consists of academicians (members of the Russian Academy of Science (RAS)), the full member of Academy of Medical Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, corresponding members of the RAS, Doctors of Medicine, professor, candidates and doctors of biological, physical mathematics and engineering sciences. The editorial board is constantly replenished by experts who work in the CIS and foreign countries.

Six issues of the journal are published per year, the volume is 13.5 conventional printed sheets, 88 printer’s sheets, 1.000 copies. The journal has an identical full-text electronic version, which, simultaneously with the printed version and color drawings, is posted on the sites of the Scientific Electronic Library (SEL) and the journal's website. The journal is distributed through the Rospechat Agency under the contract № 7407 of June 16, 2006, through individual buyers and commercial structures. The publication of articles is free.

The journal is included in the List of Russian Reviewed Scientific Journals of the Higher Attestation Commission. Since 2008 the journal has been available on the Internet and indexed in the RISC database which is placed on Web of Science. Since February 2nd, 2018, the journal "Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety" has been indexed in the SCOPUS abstract and citation database.

Brief electronic versions of the Journal have been publicly available since 2005 on the website of the Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety Journal: http://www.medradiol.ru. Since 2011, all issues of the journal as a whole are publicly available, and since 2016 - full-text versions of scientific articles. Since 2005, subscribers can purchase full versions of other articles of any issue only through the National Electronic Library. The editor of the Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety Journal in accordance with the National Electronic Library agreement has been providing the Library with all its production since 2005 until now.

The main working language of the journal is Russian, an additional language is English, which is used to write titles of articles, information about authors, annotations, key words, a list of literature.

Since 2017 the journal Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety has switched to digital identification of publications, assigning to each article the identifier of the digital object (DOI), which greatly accelerated the search for the location of the article on the Internet. In future it is planned to publish the English-language version of the journal Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety for its development. In order to obtain information about the publication activity of the journal in March 2015, a counter of readers' references to the materials posted on the site from 2005 to the present which is placed on the journal's website. During 2015 - 2016 years on average there were no more than 100-170 handlings per day. Publication of a number of articles, as well as electronic versions of profile monographs and collections in the public domain, dramatically increased the number of handlings to the journal's website to 500 - 800 per day, and the total number of visits to the site at the end of 2017 was more than 230.000.

The two-year impact factor of RISC, according to data for 2017, was 0.439, taking into account citation from all sources - 0.570, and the five-year impact factor of RISC - 0.352.

Issues journals

Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2018. Vol. 63. No. 4. P. 81-86

DOI: 10.12737/article_5b83c4815a4582.09421679

Computed Tomography with 3d Reconstructions in Planning Two Stage Hepatectomy ALPPS for Alveococcosis of the Liver (Case Report)

A.N. Bashkov1, Yu.D. Udalov1, Z.V. Sheykh2, S.E. Voskanyan1, A.P. Dunaev3, E.V. Naydenov1, O.O. Grigor’eva1, D.A. Shikunov1

1. A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Moscow, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. ; 2. S.P. Botkin City Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russia. 3. Moscow City Clinical Hospital № 62, Moscow, Russia

Yu.D. Udalov - PhD Med., Deputy Director General; A.N. Bashkov - Head of Radiology Dep.; Z.V. Sheikh - Dr. Sc. Med., Prof., Head of Dep.; S.E. Voskanyan - Dr. Sc. Med., Deputy Chief for Surgery, Head of the Center for Surgery and Transplantology, Head of Dep.; A.P. Dunaev- Phd Med., Radiologist; E.V. Naydenov - PhD Med., Surgeon, Senior Researcher; O.O. Grigorieva - Radiologist; D.A. Shikunov - Radiologist

Abstract

Purpose: To provide case report of alveococcosis of the liver, when ALPPS procedure was planned based on diagnostic information and 3D reconstructions of computed tomography.

Material and methods: Computed tomography with bolus intravenous administration of 100 ml of contrast media Ultravist-370 was performed on multislice computed tomography Aquilion 64 Toshiba.

Results: The preoperative planning is the crucial part of treatment to minimize or exclude liver insufficiency after resection. The minimal volume of remnant of the liver should be more than 25-30 % for normal parenchyma and more than 40 % in case of chronic pathologic diffuse process in the liver for example steatosis or cirrhosis. If the estimated volume of remnant is not enough to perform resection, two staged hepatectomy should be planned. According to CT data, the parenchyma of segment S2 and most of parenchyma S3, which together constitute the so-called lateral sector of the liver, were preserved. It allowed to plan an extended right-sided resection. However, the volume of the future liver remnant was 410 ml - about 30 % of the functioning part of the liver which was considered insufficient in view of the presence of prolonged biliary hypertension and a decreasing density of the parenchyma. Vascular elements of the left lateral sector - left hepatic artery, left hepatic vein and inferior vena cava were intact, however, there was a possibility of involving the wall of the left portal vein, due to its prolonged contact with the surface of the parasitic lesion. Using the segmentation tool on radiology workstation, a 3D surface model of the liver was built, where the localization of the pathologic lesion and its relationship with the main vessels were visually demonstrated. After preoperative preparation, a decision was made to perform ALPPS procedure. At the first stage intraoperative the adhesion of the parasitic lesion with the left portal vein was confirmed, which required its resection and plastic. Also in addition to the usual volume of the operation, an atypical resection of the S3 segment and Roux-en-Y choledochojejunostomy were performed. On the 7th day after the 1st stage, a control CT scan was performed, at which an increase in the volume of the remnant to 630 ml (46 % of the preserved parenchyma of the liver) was recorded. The hepatic artery, portal and hepatic veins of the future liver remainder were enhanced homogenously; drainage was traced in the area of parenchyma dissection after the second, l stage of the operation, CT was performed in 15 days to exclude liquid accumulations in the abdominal cavity and to assess the condition of the remnant due to a moderate increasing of the level of direct bilirubin up to 98 μmol/l. No pathological changes in the abdominal cavity were revealed, only free pleural effusion was observed in the pleural cavities with partial atelectasis of the lower lobes of the lungs. After conservative therapy the liver insufficiency was resolved. On the 20th day after the operation, the patient was discharged.

Conclusion: In the described clinical case, computed tomography with 3D reconstructions made possible to obtain complete diagnostic information that was necessary for the surgeon to assess the resectability of the pathological process and to plan the type of surgical intervention.

Key words: computed tomography, 3D reconstruction, alveococcosis of the liver, two stage hepatectomy, ALPPS

REFERENCES

  1. Zhuravlev VA. Alveococcosis of the liver. Annals of HPB surgery. 1997;2(1):9-14. Russian.
  2. Cheremisov OV. Integrated differential imaging in surgery of alveococcosis and echinococcosis. Abstr. diss. doc. of med. sci. Moscow; 2005. 46 p. Russian.
  3. Jin S, Fu Q, Wuyun G, Wuyun T. Management of post-hepatectomy complications. World J Gastroenterol. 2013;19:7983-91.
  4. Artemev AI, Naydenov EV, Zabezhinskiy DA, Gubarev KK, Kolyshev IYu, Rudakov VS, et al. Liver transplantation for unresectable hepatic alveolar echinococcosis. Sovremennye tehnologii v medicine.2017;9(1):123-8. Russian.
  5. Voskanyan SE, Artemev AI, Naydenov EV, Zabezhinskiy DA, Chuchuev ES, Rudakov VS, et al. Transplantation technologies for surgical treatment of the locally advanced hepatic alveococcosis with invasion into great vessels. Annals of HPB surgery. 2016;21(2):25-31. Russian.
  6. Zerial M, Lorenzin D, Risaliti A, Zuiani C, et al. Abdominal cross-sectional imaging of the associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy procedure. World J Hepatol 2017;9(16):733-45.
  7. Schnitzbauer A, Lang SA, Fichtner-Feigl S, Loss M, et al. In situ split with portal vein ligation induces rapid left lateral lobe hypertrophy enabling two-staged extended right hepatic resection. Berlin: Oral Presentation; 2010. 35 p.
  8. Herman P, Krüger JA, Perini MV, Coelho FF, Cecconello I. High Mortality Rates After ALPPS: the Devil Is the Indication. J Gastrointest Cancer. 2015;46:190-4.
  9. Zhang GQ, Zhang ZW, Lau WY, Chen XP Associating liver partition and portal vein ligation for staged hepatectomy (ALPPS): a new strategy to increase resectability in liver surgery. Int J Surg. 2014;12:437-41.
  10. Schnitzbauer AA, Lang SA, Goessmann H, Nadalin S, et al. Right portal vein ligation combined with in situ splitting induces rapid left lateral liver lobe hypertrophy enabling 2-staged extended right hepatic resection in small-for-size settings. Ann Surg. 2012;255:405-14.
  11. Wiederkehr JC, Avilla SG, Mattos E, Coelho IM. et al. Associating liver partition with portal vein ligation and staged hepatectomy (ALPPS) for the treatment of liver tumors in children. J Pediatr Surg. 2015;50:1227-31.
  12. Takayasu K, Okuda K. Anatomy of the liver. In: Imaging in liver disease. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press; 1997. P. 1-45.
  13. Fujimoto J, Yamanaka J. Liver resection and transplantation using a novel 3D hepatectomy simulation system. Adv Med Sci. 2006;51:7-14.
  14. Hashimoto D, Dohi T, Tsuzuki M, Horiuchi T, Ohta Y, Chinzei K, et al. Development of a computer-aided surgery system: Three-dimensional graphic reconstruction for treatment of liver cancer. Surgery. 1991;109:589-96.
  15. Soyer P, Roche A, Gad M, Shapeero L, Breittmager F, Elias D, et al. Preoperative segmental localization of hepatic metastases: utility of three-dimensional CT during arterial portography. Radiology. 1991;180:653-8.
  16. Marescaux J, Clement JM, Tassetti V, Koehl C, Cotin S, Russier Y, et al. Virtual reality applied to hepatic surgery simulation: the next revolution. Ann Surg. 1998;228:627-34.
  17. Rau HG, Schauer R, Helmberger T, Hozknecht N, von Ruckmann B, Meyer L, et al. Impact of virtual reality imaging on hepatic liver tumor resection: calculation of risk. Langenbeck’s Arch Surg. 2000;385:162-70.
  18. Lamade W, Glombitza G, Fischer L. The impact of 3-dimensional reconstructions on operation planning in liver surgery. Arch Surg. 2000;135:1256-61.
  19. Wigmore SJ, Redhead DN, Yan XJ, Casey J, Madhavan K, Dejong CH, et al. Virtual hepatic resection using three dimensional reconstruction of helical computed tomography angioportograms. Ann Surg. 2000;233:221-6.
  20. Kamel IR, Kruskal JB, Warmbrand G, Goldberg SN, Pomfret EA, Raptopoulos V. Accuracy of volumetric measurement after virtual right hepatectomy in potential donors undergoing living adult liver transplantation. AJR. 2001;176:483-7.
  21. Togo S, Shimada H, Kanemura E, Shizawa R, Endo I, Takahashi T, et al. Usefulness of three-dimensional computed tomography for anatomic liver resection: Sub-subsegmentectomy. Surgery. 1998;123:73-8.

For citation: Bashkov AN, Udalov YuD, Sheykh ZV, Voskanyan SE, Dunaev AP, Naydenov EV, Grigor’eva OO, Shikunov DA. Computed Tomography with 3D Reconstructions in Planning Two Stage Hepatectomy ALPPS for Alveococcosis of the Liver (Case Report). Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2018;63(4):81-6. Russian. >DOI: 10.12737/article_5b83c4815a4582.09421679

PDF (RUS) Full-text article (in Russian)

Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2018. Vol. 63. No. 4. P. 5-14

RADIATION BIOLOGY

DOI: 10.12737/article_5b83ae4ad13770.01262087

Protection of Spermatogenesis with β-Carotene in Radiation Exposure. Message 1: Single Acute External γ-Irradiation. Short-Term Application of Carothynoid

I.K. Belyaev, A.S. Samoylov

A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Moscow, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

I.K. Belyaev - Head of Lab., PhD Biol., Senior Researcher; A.S. Samoylov - Director General, Dr. Sci. Med., Prof. RAS

Abstract

Purpose: Experimental evaluation of β-carotene correction of radiation induced by single acute γ-irradiation of spermatogenesis disorders in male (♂) F1 CBAxC97Bl mice and non-linear rats with short-term carotenoid prescription.

Material and methods: Single external gamma irradiation ♂ was performed at the IGUR facility (137Cs, dose rate 0.029 Gy/s). The β-carotene suspension was administered ♂ orally 19 and 4 hours before, 4 and 24 hours after irradiation. The damage and effectiveness of protection of spermatogenesis of irradiated ♂ were judged by the state of their reproductive function.

Results: The effects of correction of the short-term prescription of β-carotene radiation-induced by a single acute external gamma irradiation at doses of 3 and 5 Gy of spermatogenesis disorders in mice and rats at stages of mature spermatozoa, spermatids and spermatogonium have been established.

β-carotene in ♂ mice reduced total embryonic mortality in 8-14 and 77-84 days after irradiation at a dose of 3 Gy from 46 to 36 and from 41 to 28 %, preimplantation - after 8-14 and 15-21 days - from 24 up to 13 and from 31 to 22 %, postimplantation - after 0-7 and 77-84 days - from 24 to 15 and from 25 to 7 %. In ♂ rats 0-7 days after irradiation at a dose of 5 Gy β-carotene reduced total, pre-, post- and induced postimplantation embryonic mortality from 62 to 41, from 34 to 17, from 41 to 30 and from 38 to 26 %, respectively. After 13-20 days - preimplantation mortality from 27 to 11 %. At the stage of spermatozoa after irradiation at a dose of 3 Gy increased the breeding efficiency from 70 to 100 %, fecundity - by 23-31 %; reduced total and preimplantation mortality from 49 to 39 % and from 41 to 27 %, respectively. At the stage of spermatids -sterilization was prevented and the efficiency of breeding was normalized, reduced post- and induced postimplantation mortality from 25 to 20 and from 17 to 12 %, respectively. The therapeutic and prophylactic effects of β-carotene at the spermatocyte stage are not revealed. In the spermatogonium stage, the carotenoid increased the total number and number of live embryos in pregnant female (♀) from 36 to 55 and from 20 to 50 %, reduced total and pre-implantation mortality from 81 to 56 and from 69 to 42 %, respectively.

Conclusions: The prospects of β-carotene use for correction of gonadal radiation injuries in the risk groups of exposure to ionizing radiation and the inclusion of β-carotene in the scheme of drug prevention of acute radiation injuries of spermatogenesis are shown.

Key words: external acute γ-irradiation, spermatogenesis, β-carotene, short-term prescription, mice, rats

REFERENCES

  1. Pisarenko SS. State of male reproductive function of humans and mammals in the zone of radioactive contamination: Based on the materials of the Kaluga region. Diss. Doct. Biol. Sci.; 2003. 250 p. Russian.
  2. Mamina VP, Tregubenko IP. Effect of gamma irradiation and mercamine on spermatozoa of mice. Radiobiology. 1973;13(4):630-3. Russian.
  3. Pomerantseva MD, Wilkina GA. The effect of cystamine on the yield of dominant lethal mutations and reciprocal translocations in the reproductive cells of mice exposed to gamma irradiation in different doses. Genetics. 1974;10(7):55-61. Russian.
  4. Lepekhin NP. Anti-radiation effectiveness of mexamine and gas hypoxia at different stages of spermatogenesis in Wistar rats. Conf. «Topical Issues of Radiation Hygiene»; 1987 Oct 15-16; Obninsk. Moscow; 1987. p. 68-9. Russian.
  5. Pomerantseva MD, Ramaia LK, Vasin MV, Antipov VV. The effect of indralin on genetic disorders induced by radiation in mice. Genetics. 2003;39(9):1293-6. Russian.
  6. Pomerantseva MD, Ramaia LK, Vasin MV, Antipov VV. The radioprotective effect of indralin against genetic disorders in mice. Medico-biological Problems of Anti-Radiation and Anti-Chemical Protection. St. Petersburg; 2004. p. 255-6. Russian.
  7. Palyga GF, Ladoga TS, Lepekhin NP, Shakhdinarov LV. Anti-ray protection of embryonic cells and fetus of Wistar rats at low doses of radiation exposure. Conf. Topical Issues of Radiation Hygiene; 1987 Oct 15-16; Obninsk. Moscow; 1987. p. 86-7. Russian.
  8. Seifter E, Rettura G, Padawer J, et al. Mobibility and training reduction by supplemental vitamin A or beta-carotene in CBA mice given total-body gamma-radiation. J Natl Cancer Inst. 1984;73(5):1167-77.
  9. Vilenchik MM, Gigoshvili TI, Kuzin AM, et al. The radioprotective action of natural carotene-containing preparations: a study of carotinilum on white rats. Radiobiology. 1988;28(4):542-4. Russian.
  10. Belyaev IK, Zhorova ES, Zhuravlev VF, et al. Radioprotective and antitumor effects of domestic beta-carotene substances. Abstracts IV All-Union Conference Chemistry, Pharmacology and Mechanisms of Action of Non-Radiopaedics; 1990 Oct 23-25; Moscow; 1990. p. 8-10. Russian.
  11. Kazaryan RV, Kudinova SP, Belyaev IK, et al. Prospects for creating food products with radioprotective properties. Proceedings of a scientific conference with international participation. Nutrition: Health and Disease; 1990 Nov 20-22; Moscow; 1990. p. 82. Russian.
  12. Lemberg VK, Rogacheva SA, Luzanov VM, et al. The effect of enriching the diet of CBA mice with synthetic β-carotene on their survival in γ-irradiation. Radiobiology. 1990;30(6):843-4. Russian.
  13. Belyaev IK, Zhuravlev VF, Stepanov SV, Zaraisky AV. Radioprotective effectiveness of carotinil with external and internal acute irradiation. Radiobiology. 1992;32(1):121-5. Russian.
  14. Belyaev IK, Kazaryan RV, Zaraisky AV. Prospects for the use of beta-carotene-enriched foods in the prevention and therapy of radiation injuries. Nutrition issues. 1992;(2):58-61. Russian.
  15. Belyaev IK, Zaraisky AV, Lemberg VK, Vakulova LA. Modification of the resistance of the organism to acute ionizing effects by synthetic β-carotene. Questions of medical chemistry. 1992;38(6):39-42. Russian.
  16. Kalistratova VS, Belyaev IK, Nisimov PG. Prevention of long-term consequences caused by incorporated radionuclides, with the help of vitamins, their synthetic derivatives and provitamins. Second International Symposium Food and health: Biologically Active Food Additives. Moscow. 1996 Apr 25-27; 1996. p. 57-9. Russian.
  17. Kalistratova VS, Belyaev IK, Zhorova ES, et al. Prophylaxis of radiation and chemical carcinogenesis with the help of vitamin A and its precursor beta-carotene (Expert and clinical research). Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2015;60(3):65-78. Russian.
  18. Puchkov SM, Korytny VS. Radiation damage and its modification. Materials of the 2nd School-Seminar on Radiobiology. Perm. 1981. Moscow: Mir; 1983. p. 83-6. Russian.
  19. Britton G. Biochemistry of Natural Pigments. Moscow; 1986. Russian.
  20. Zhestyanikov VD. Actual questions of radiobiology. Inf. bull. scientific сouncil of the USSR Academy of Sciences on the Problems of Radiobiology. 1986;(2):5-8. Russian.
  21. Sergeev AV. Creation of therapeutic and prophylactic agents based on carotenoids. Quest Med Chemistry. 1992;38(6):4-5. Russian.
  22. Belikov VG. Pharmaceutical chemistry. Moscow: MEDpress-inform; 2007. 624 p. Russian.
  23. Pozdnyakov VD. Modern ideas about the role of vitamin A in the development of spermatogenic cells in mammals. Advances in Modern Biology. 1985;100(2):287-301. Russian.
  24. Belyaev IK, Zaraisky AV, Vakulova LA, et al. A means of preventing radiation damage to gonads. State Committee for Inventions and Discoveries of the USSR. Priority reference No. 511704/3694 of 1988 Apr 25 and No. 4443955/14 of 1988 June 20; 1988. 10 p. Russian.
  25. Belyaev IK, Zaraisky AV, Vakulova LA. Prospects of beta-carotene prevention of radiation damage to gonads. I All-Union Radiobiological Congress; 1989 Aug 21-27; Moscow. Pushchino; 1989. p. 689-90. Russian.
  26. Belyaev IK, Zaraisky AV, Vakulova LA, et al. Prevention of β-carotene radiation damage 90Sr gonad. Problems of rationing of ionizing radiation under the influence of modifying factors. Moscow; 1991. p. 151-9. Russian.
  27. Mamina VP, Zhigalsky OA. Influence of beta-carotene on the state of spermatogenic epithelium and the yield of dominant lethal mutations under the experimental action of hexavalent chromium. Hygiene and Sanitation. 2016;(7):682-5. Russian.
  28. Muravieva IA, Kovalskaya GI. Physicochemical properties and biologically active substances of the preparation “Carotene microbiological in oil”. Pharmacy. 1988;(3):32-5. Russian.
  29. Loskutova ZF. Vivarium. Moscow; 1980. 94 p. Russian.
  30. Vakulova LA, Zhidkova TA, Samokhvalov GI, Khristoforov VL. Method for obtaining beta-carotene. Russian Federation patent RF 2032667. 1995. Russian.
  31. Kazaryan RV. Research of the process and development of technology for refining oil solutions of carotene with the aim of improving their quality. Author’s abstract. PhD Tech. Krasnodar; 1978. 29 p. Russian.
  32. Ruzen-Range E. Spermatogenesis in animals. Moscow: Mir; 1980. Russian.
  33. Fazilov UT. Comparative study of genetic radiosensitivity of germ cells of male mice in pre- and postnatal periods. PhD Biol. Moscow; 1985. 138 p.
  34. Kudritskaya OYu. Dynamics of DLM yield in mice under the influence of tritium. Radiobiology. 1980;(20):881-5. Russian.
  35. Ionizing radiation: sources and biological effects. UNSCEAR. Dokl. 1982. Vol. 2. UN, New York; 1982. p. 90-91. Russian.
  36. Maleta YuS, Tarasov VV. Mathematical methods of statistical analysis in biology and medicine. Moscow; 1981. 176 p. Russian.
  37. Maleta YuS, Tarasov VV. Nonparametric methods of statistical analysis in biology and medicine. Moscow; 1982. 178 p. Russian.

For citation: Belyaev IK, Samoylov AS. Protection of Spermatogenesis with β-Carotene in Radiation Exposure. Message 1: Single Acute External γ-Irradiation. Short-Term Application of Carothynoid. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2018;63(4):5-14. Russian. DOI: 10.12737/article_5b83ae4ad13770.01262087

PDF (RUS) Full-text article (in Russian)

Radiation Medicine Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2018. Vol. 63. No. 4. P. 22-32

DOI: 10.12737/article_5b83b2c325ab83.22603621

Impact of Chernobyl Accident Factors on Psychoneurological Status of Liquidators - Helicopter-pilots

I.B. Ushakov, V.P. Fyodorov

A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Moscow, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

I.B. Ushakov - Chief Researcher, Dr. Sc. Med., Prof., Academician of the RAS; V.P. Fyodorov - Dr. Sc. Med., Prof.

Abstract

There was a study of the health status (with emphasis on psychoneurological status) of crew on military helicopters and aircraft before and after the execution of works on liquidation of consequences of the Chernobyl disaster in 1986, and received a radiation dose of 226 ± 6 mGy. We studied the results of a poll of the liquidators for the purpose of studying their quality of life 10 years after the accident. The obtained data were compared with the results of radiobiological experiments on animals irradiated at doses comparable to that received by the liquidators. The results of the study concluded that, in assessing psychoneurological status of the liquidators of radiation accidents, it is necessary to take into account the initial state of their health and the whole complex of adverse factors of the Chernobyl accident, and not just the external exposure dose. The main measures of prevention of psychoneurological disorders in liquidators should become: a professional selection of volunteers, who know the basics of radiobiology; professional medical-psychological service; the creation of appropriate socio-hygienic conditions and proportional to the risk faced by the liquidators and their families; reducing the level the harmful and dangerous work-related factors of flight operations, as well as prevention (and it seems important) incorporation into the body of long-lived radionuclides.

Key words: Chernobyl accident, radiation, liquidators, helicopter-pilots, morbidity, psychoneurological status, psychosocial status

REFERENCES

  1. Grigoriev YuG, Shafirkin AV, Nikitina VN. Remote effects of chronic exposure to ionizing radiation and electromagnetic fields in relation to hygienic regulation. Radiobiology. 2003;43(5):565-78. Russian.
  2. Bushmanov AYu. The action of ionizing radiation on human beings: medical and socio-psychological implications. IV Congress on radiation researches (Moscow, 2001): abstracts. Moscow; 2001. Vol. 1. 182 p. Russian.
  3. Davydov ВI, Ushakov ВN. Nuclear and radiation risks: human, society and the environment. Ushakov IB, editor. St. Petersburg: Foliant; 2005. 294 p. Russian.
  4. Ushakov IВ, Arlashchenko NI, Soldatov SK. Human Ecology after the Chernobyl disaster: Radiation Environmental Stress and Human Health. Voronezh: VSU publishing House; 2001. 723 p. Russian.
  5. Guskova AK. Radiation and human brain. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2001;46(5):47-55. Russian.
  6. Torubarov FS, Blagoveshchenskaya VV, Chesalin PV. The state of the nervous system in victims of the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident. J Neurology and Psychiatry. 1989;89(2):48-52. Russian.
  7. Gundarova OP. Fedorov VP, Afanasiev RV, Zuev VG. Evaluation of psychoneurological status of liquidators of radiation accidents. Voronezh: “Scientific book”; 2012. 232 p. Russian.
  8. Fedorov VP, Gundarova OP, Maslov NB. Psychoneurological status of liquidators of radiatior accidents. Biological effects of low doses of ionizing radiation and radioactive contamination of the environment: Mater. International Conf. (BioRad, 2014). Syktyvkar; 2014. p. 258-62. Russian.
  9. Nikiforov AM, Aleksanin SS, Chugunova LN. Peculiarities of psychological status and medical and psychological rehabilitation of participants of emergency - recovery work at the Chernobyl NPP. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2002;47(5):43-50. Russian.
  10. Buzunov VA. The main results and tasks of epidemiological studies of medical consequences of the Chernobyl accident (results of 4 year study period). Vestnik AMS 1991;(11):36-9. Russian.
  11. Kholodova NB. Changes in the central nervous system of the liquidators of the Chernobyl accident (according to the clinic and x-ray computer tomography). J Neurology and Psychiatry. 1993;93(4):74-7. Russian.
  12. Aleksanin SS. Pathogenetic laws of somatic pathology formation after radiation accidents in the long-term period. Bull Military Medical Academy. 2008;23(3):10-3. Russian.
  13. Ilyin LA. Realities and Myths of Chernobyl. Moscow; AlaraLimited; 1996. 474 p. Russian.
  14. Ryabukhin YuS. Low levels of ionizing radiation and health: a system approach (analytical review). Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2000;45(4):5-20. Russian.
  15. Mikhailov VS, Yamenskov VV, Ushakov IB. Air force and Chernobyl. Stary Oskol: “IPK Kirillitsa”; 2006. 286 p. Russian.
  16. Mastryukov AA, Fedorov VP. Nuclear disaster of the century. Voronezh: “Nauchnaya kniga”; 2016. 410 p. Russian.
  17. Ushakov IВ, Fedorov VP. Low radiation exposure and brain. Voronezh: “Nauchnaya kniga”; 2015. 536 p. Russian.
  18. Fedorov VP, Ushakov IB, Fedorov NV. Cerebral effects in the liquidators of the Chernobyl accident. Lambert Academic Publishing; 2016. 390 p. Russian.
  19. Shamrey VK, Chistyakova EL, Matytsina EN. Radiation psychosomatic illness in liquidators of consequences of the Chernobyl NPP disaster. Medical-biological and socio-psychological problems of safety in emergency situations. 2016;(1):21-34. Russian.
  20. Bushmanov AYu. Neurological aspects of radiation damage. Radiation Medicine. 2004;2:126-9. Russian.
  21. Fedorov VP. Physical performance in radioactively contaminated areas. Problems of physical culture of the population living in conditions of adverse environmental factors: Proc. XI International scientific and practical conference. Gomel; 2015. Vol. 1. p. 200-4. Russian.
  22. Fyodorov VP, Mastryukova AA, Fedorov NV. Medical and social problems of liquidators of the Chernobyl radiation accident. Chernobyl 30 years later: Mater. International Science Practice. Conf. St. Petersburg: «LINGUIST»; 2016. p. 249-50. Russian.
  23. Maslov NV, Fyodorov VP, Afanasiev RV, Zuev VG. Morphofunctional state of the parietal cortex under the action of low doses of ionizing radiation. Voronezh: «Scientific book»; 2012. 228 p. Russian.
  24. Sgibneva NV, Fyodorov VP. Morphofunctional state of the sensorimotor cortex after small radiation exposure. Voronezh: “Nauchnaya kniga”; 2013. 252 p. Russian.
  25. Ushakov IВ, Fyodorov VP, Gundarova OP. Neuromorphological correlates of small radiation effects. Medico-biological and socio-psychological problems of safety in emergency situations. 2016;(1):71-9. Russian.
  26. Fyodorov VP, Gundarоva OP, Sgibneva NV, Maslov NV. Radiation-induced and age-related changes of cerebellar neurons. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2015;60(4):36-42. Russian.

For citation: Ushakov IB, Fyodorov VP. Impact of Chernobyl Accident Factors on Psychoneurological Status of Liquidators - Helicopter-pilots. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2018;63(4):22-32. Russian. DOI: 10.12737/article_5b83b2c325ab83.22603621

PDF (RUS) Full-text article (in Russian)

Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2018. Vol. 63. No. 4. P. 15-21

RADIATION MEDICINE

DOI: 10.12737/article_5b83b0430902e8.35861647

Risk Assessment of Senile Cataract Incidence in a Cohort of Nuclear Workers of Mayak Production Association

T.V. Azizova1, E.V. Bragin1, N. Hamada2, M.V. Bannikova1

1. Southern Urals Biophysics Institute, Ozyorsk, Chelyabinsk region, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. ; 2. Radiation Safety Research Center, Nuclear Technology Research Laboratory, Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry, Tokyo, Japan

T.V. Azizova - Deputy Director, Head of Clinical Dep., PhD Med., ICRP Member, UNSCEAR Member; E.V. Bragin - Junior Researcher; N. Hamada - Researcher, PhD, ICRP Member; M.V. Bannikova - Junior Researcher

Abstract

Purpose: To estimate incidence risk for senile cataracts in a cohort of workers employed at nuclear production facility, that were occupationally exposed to radiation taking into account non-radiation risk factors.

Material and methods: Senile cataract incidence (cataracts) is studied in the cohort of Mayak PA workers first employed at one of the main facilities (reactors, radiochemical or plutonium production plants) during 1948-1982 (22,377 individuals). All members of the study cohort were occupationally exposed to gamma-rays or neutrons over a prolonged period. Absorbed doses from external and/or neutron exposure used in the study were provided by MWDS-2008. Relative risk (RR) and excess relative risk per unit dose (ERR/Gy) were estimated based on maximum likelihood using AMFIT module of EPICURE software.

Results: 4159 cataract diagnoses were verified in the study cohort of workers during 482217 person-years of follow-up. The majority of cataracts were diagnosed in cohort members included in the age group 61-70 years old in both males and females. The mean age at cataract diagnosis was 63.1 ± 0.2 years in males and 64.8 ± 0.2 years in females, respectively. RR of cataract incidence was statistically significant in all dose categories when compared to a reference category (0-0.25 Gy) and increased with increasing dose from external gamma-rays and was the highest in workers exposed to external gamma-rays at doses exceeding 2.0 Gy (1.61 95 % CI: 1,41-1,83). Significant linear association of cataracts with dose from external gamma-rays was observed with ERR/Gy = 0.28 (95 % CI: 0.20, 0.37). The risk estimate varied slightly with inclusion of additional adjustments for different non-radiation factors (smoking status and alcohol consumption, smoking index, hypertension, body mass index, severe myopia diagnosed). After adjusting for dose from neutrons ERR/Gy of external gamma-rays for cataracts increased considerably (0.31; 95 % CI: 0.22, 0.40). Significant ERR/Gy of external gamma-rays for senile cataract was revealed in both male and female workers of the study cohort, however the variations between the sexes were insignificant (p = 0.09). ERR/Gy of external gamma-rays for senile cataract was significant in all age groups except for workers under 40 years, but the differences among the age groups were insignificant (p > 0.5).

Conclusion: Risk of senile cataract incidence in the cohort of Mayak PA workers, occupationally exposed to radiation over prolonged periods, was significantly associated with dose from external gamma-rays.

Key words: risk, incidence, senile cataracts, external radiation, staff of Mayak PA, prolonged exposure

REFERENCES

  1. Otake M, Schull WJ. A review of forty-five years study of Hiroshima and Nagasaki atomic bomb survivors Radiation cataract. J Radiat Res. 1991;32 Suppl:283-93.
  2. Gus’kova AK, Baisogolov GD. Radiation disease of human. Moscow: Medicina; 1971. 384 p. Russian.
  3. Recommendations of the International Commission on Radiological Protection. ICRP Publication 26. Ann ICRP. 1977;1(3).
  4. Hamada N, Fujimichi Y. Classification of radiation effects for dose limitation purposes: history, current situation and future prospects. J Radiat Res; 2014;55(4):629-40.
  5. Statement on tissue reactions/Early and late effects of radiation in normal tissues and organs - threshold doses for tissue reactions in a radiation protection context. ICRP Publication 118. Ann ICRP.2012;41(1/2).
  6. Hamada N, Fujimichi Y, Iwasaki T, et al. Emerging issues in radiogenic cataracts and cardiovascular disease. J Radiat Res. 2014;55(5):831-46.
  7. ICD-9 guidelines for coding diseases, injuries and causes of death/revision 1975. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO; 1980.
  8. Azizova TV, Tepljakov II, Grigor’eva ES, et al. “Clinic” Medical Dosimetric Database for Mayak PA Personnel and Its Families. Med. Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2009;54(5):26-35. Russian.
  9. Khokhryakov VV, Khokhryakov VF, Suslova KG, et al. Mayak Worker Dosimetry System 2008 (MWDS-2008): Assessment of internal alpha-dose from measurement results of plutonium activity in urine. Health Phys. 2013;104(4):366-78.
  10. Preston D, Lubin J, Pierce D, et al. EPICURE Users Guide. Seattle, WA: Hirosoft; 1993.
  11. Bragin EV, Azizova TV, Bannikova MV. Cataract incidence in the cohort of occupationally exposed workers. Oftal’mologia. 2016;13(2):115-21. Russian.
  12. Bragin EV, Azizova TV, Bannikova MV. Risk of senile cataract among nuclear industry workers. Ophthalmology. 2017;33(2):57-63. Russian.
  13. Neriishi K, Nakashima E, Akahoshi M, et al. Radiation dose and cataract surgery incidence in atomic bomb survivors, 1986-2005. Radiology. 2012;265(1):167-74.
  14. Neriishi K, Nakashima E, Minamoto A, et al. Postoperative cataract cases among atomic bomb survivors, radiation dose response and threshold. Radiat Res. 2007;168(4):404-8.
  15. Nakashima E, Neriishi K, Minamoto A. A reanalysis of atomic-bomb cataract data, 2000-2002, a threshold analysis. Health Phys. 2006;90(2):154-60.
  16. Worgul BV, Kundiyev YI, Sergiyenko NM, et al. Cataracts among Chernobyl clean-up workers, implications regarding permissible eye exposures. Radiat Res. 2007;167(2):233-43.
  17. Chodick G, Bekiroglu N, Hauptmann M, et al. Risk of cataract after exposure to low doses of ionizing radiation: a 20-year prospective cohort study among US radiologic technologists. Amer J Epidemiol. 2008;168(6):620-31.
  18. Guidance on Radiation Dose Limits for the Lens of the Eye. NCRP Commentary No. 26. National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements. Bethesda, MD: NCRP; 2016.

For citation: Azizova TV, Bragin EV, Hamada N, Bannikova MV. Risk Assessment of Senile Cataract Incidence in a Cohort of Nuclear Workers of Mayak Production Association. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2018;63(4):15-21. Russian. DOI: 10.12737/article_5b83b0430902e8.35861647

PDF (RUS) Full-text article (in Russian)

Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2018. Vol. 63. No. 4. P. 33-39

RADIATION MEDICINE

DOI: 10.12737/article_5b83b6185814e7.31842273

Transcriptional Activity of TP53 and MDM2 in Chronically Exposed People at Later Time Points

V.S. Nikiforov1,2 , A.V. Akleyev1,2

1. Urals Research Center for Radiation Medicine, Chelyabinsk, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. ; 2. Chelyabinsk State University, Chelyabinsk, Russia

V.S. Nikiforov - Postgraduate Student, Junior Researcher; A.V. Akleyev - Dr. Sci. Med., Prof., Director, Urals Research Center for Radiation Medicine

Abstract

Purpose: To study the levels of transcriptional activity of ТР53 and MDM2 genes in the residents of the Techa riverside villages chronically exposed at a wide dose range.

Material and methods: transcriptional activity of ТР53 and MDM2 genes was assessed in 95 persons. The main study group included 80 people exposed to combined external and internal radiation (peripheral blood samples were taken 60-70 years after the beginning of chronic radiation exposure), mean accumulated dose to red bone marrow was 0.86 ± 0.08 Gy (doses varied in the range 0.1-3.65 Gy). The control group consisted of 15 people living in similar socio-economic conditions in the Southern Urals; the accumulated doses to red bone marrow did not exceed 0.07 Gy. Gene transcription activity profile was studied with real-time PCR assay. The data were analyzed using a comparative CT method with normalization to the “housekeeping” gene transcription in each sample. Statistical analysis was performed using the software PAST.

Results and сonclusion: In the course of the analysis we did not receive statistically significant differences between the study groups, but there was a tendency to a decrease in gene transcription in the group of exposed persons. The correlation analysis showed a weak negative dependence for TP53 and MDM2 genes, and this dependence was characterized not only by the accumulated dose value but was also associated with the age of the individuals under study. A tendency to a decrease in the transcription activity of the genes under study was noted when studying the effect of the dose. Statistically significant differences were shown for MDM2 gene in the group of individuals whose accumulated doses exceeded 2 Gy (p = 0.044). The analysis of age-peculiarities on gene transcription revealed a statistically significant decrease in TP53 gene transcription with increasing age of patients (p = 0.02). Non-radiation factors including smoking were also studied. The levels of gene transcription were compared between men and women of 2 main ethnicities (Bashkirs/Tartars and Slavs). Results of the study showed that neither sex nor ethnicity had any effect on the levels of TP53 and MDM2 gene transcription in the study groups. The effect of smoking on the activity of the genes under study was negligible.

Key words: chronic irradiation, gene expression, TP53, MDM2, low doses, radiobiological response

REFERENCES

  1. Napoli M, Flores ER. The p53 family orchestrates the regulation of metabolism: physiological regulation and implications for cancer therapy. Br J Cancer. 2017;116(2):149-55. DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2016.384.
  2. Kruiswijk F, Labuschagne CF, Vousden KH. P53 in survival, death and metabolic health: a lifeguard with a licence to kill. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 2015;16(7):393-405. DOI: 10.1038/nrm4007.
  3. Ryan KM, Phillips AC, Vousden KH. Regulation and function of the p53 tumor suppressor protein. Curr Opin Cell Biol. 2001;13(3):332-7.
  4. Banin S, Moyal L, Shieh S, et al. Enhanced phosphorylation of p53 by ATM in response to DNA damage. Science. 1998;281(5383):1674-7.
  5. Leroy B, Anderson M, Soussi T. TP53 mutations in human cancer: database reassessment and prospects for the next decade. Hum Mutat. 2014;35(6):672-88. DOI: 10.1002/humu.22552.
  6. Zerdoumi Y, Aury-Landas J, Bonaïti-Pellie C, et al. Drastic effect of germline TP53 missense mutations in Li-Fraumeni patients. Hum Mutat. 2013;34(3):453-61. DOI: 10.1002/humu.22254.
  7. Moll UM, Petrenko O. The MDM2-p53 Interaction. Mol Cancer Res. 2003;1(14):1001-8.
  8. Ebrahim M, Mulay SR, Anders HJ, et al. MDM2 beyond cancer: podoptosis, development, inflammation, and tissue regeneration. Histol Histopathol. 2015;30(11):1271-82. DOI: 10.14670/HH-11-636.
  9. Park HS, Park JM, Park S. et al. Subcellular localization of MDM2 expression and prognosis of breast cancer. Int J Clin Oncol. 2014;19(5):842-51. DOI: 10.1007/s10147-013-0639-1.
  10. Borradaile NM, Pickering JG. NAD(+), sirtuins, and cardiovascular disease. Curr Pharm Des. 2009;15(1):110-7.
  11. Sano M, Minamino T, Toko H, et al. P53-induced inhibition of hif-1 causes cardiac dysfunction during pressure overload. Nature. 2007;446(7134):444-8. DOI: 10.1038/nature05602. PMID: 17334357.
  12. Batchelor E, Mock CS, Bhan I. et al. Recurrent Initiation: A Mechanism for Triggering p53 Pulses in Response to DNA Damage. Mol Cell. 2008;30(3):277-89. DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2008.03.016.
  13. Bunz F, Dutriaux A, Lengauer C. Requirement for p53 and p21 to sustain G2 arrest after DNA damage. Science. 1998;282(5393):1497-501.
  14. Ding LH, Shingyoji M, Chen F, et al. Gene expression profiles of normal human fibroblasts after exposure to ionizing radiation: A comparative study of low and high doses. J Radiat Res. 2005;164(1):17-26.
  15. Velegzhaninov IO, Shchadrin DM, Pylina AV, et al. Qualitative differences in reaction of normal human fibroblasts to radiation exposure at high and low doses. The third international conference «Biology effects of low doses of ionizing radiation and radioactive pollution on the environment». Syktyvkar; 2014. p. 31-5. Russian.
  16. Zhao R, Gish K, Murphy M. Analysis of p53-regulated gene expression patterns using oligonucleotide arrays. Genes Dev. 2000;14(8):981-93.
  17. Morandi E, Severini C, Quercioli D, et al. Gene expression changes in medical workers exposed to radiation. J Radiat Res. 2009;172(4):500-8. DOI: 10.1667/RR1545.1.
  18. Shchulenina LV, Galstyan IA, Nadezhina NM, et al. Expression of mature micro-RNA involved in the functioning of p53-dependent system of maintaining the genome stability of the individuals exposed to radiation at clinically relevant doses. Saratov Medical Scientific Journal. 2014;10(4):749-53. Russian.
  19. Kuzmina NS, Lapteva NSh, Rusinova GG, et al. Hypermethylation of gene promoters in blood leukocytes in human in the long-term period after radiation exposure. Radiation Biology. 2017;57(4):341-56. Russian.
  20. Jones MJ, Goodman SJ, Kobor MS. DNA methylation and healthy human aging. Aging Cell. 2015;14(6):924-32. DOI: 10.1111/acel.12349.
  21. Nichols M, Townsend N, Scarborough P. Cardiovascular disease in Europe 2014: epidemiological update. Eur Heart J. 2014;35(42):2950-9. DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehu299.
  22. Paul S, Amundson SA. Differential Effect of Active Smoking on Gene Expression in Male and Female Smokers. J Carcinog Mutagen. 2014;5(6). DOI:10.4172/2157-2518.1000198/.

For citation: Nikiforov VS, Akleyev AV. Transcriptional Activity of TP53 and MDM2 in Chronically Exposed People at Later Time Points. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2018;63(4):33-9. Russian. DOI: 10.12737/article_5b83b6185814e7.31842273

PDF (RUS) Full-text article (in Russian)

  1. 2018-4-Vorotyntseva_eng
  2. 2018-4-Ryzhkov_eng
  3. 2018-4-Tultaev_eng
  4. 2018-4-Markov_eng

Contact Information

 

46, Zhivopisnaya st., 123098, Moscow, Russia Phone: +7 (499) 190-95-51. E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Journal location

Attendance

2768244
Today
Yesterday
This week
Last week
This month
Last month
For all time
1190
2948
25438
25438
75987
75709
2768244
Forecast today
2064

Your IP:216.73.216.29
Visitor Counter

© Журнал "Медицинская радиология и радиационная безопасность" 2020г.

Яндекс.Метрика

Наверх