Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2022. Vol. 67. № 1

Radiation-Hygienic Investigations of Experimental Production
of Mixed NitrideUranium-Plutonium Fuel at JSC SChC.
Part 2: Doses and Risks

L.A. Ilin¹, A.S. Samoilov¹, A.G. Tsovyanov¹, S.M. Shinkarev¹,
N.K. Shandala¹, P.P. Gantsovsky¹, A.E. Karev¹, B.A. Kukhta¹,
A.V. Simakov¹, Klochkov V.N.¹, Korenkov I.P.¹, A.M. Lyaginskaya¹,
O.V. Parinov¹, V.K. Ivanov², S.Yu. Chekin², A.N. Menyailo²,
K.A. Tumanov², V.M. Solomatin³, K.M. Izmestyev⁴

¹ A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Moscow, Russia

² A.F. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre, Obninsk, Russia

³ JSC «Proryv», Moscow, Russia

⁴ JSC “Siberian Chemical Combine”, Seversk, Russia

Contact person: Alexander Georgievich Tsovyanov: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

ABSTRACT

Purpose: Assessment of the compliance of the radiation protection of workers at the complex experimental installations of JSC SChC with the requirements of the Russian radiation safety standards NRB-99/2009 to limit the generalized risk of potential exposure and the IAEA recommendations for not exceeding the control level of the minimum significant radiation risk.

Materials and methods: The results of radiation-hygienic investigations of radiation exposure factors affecting workers involved in the manufacture of mixed uranium-plutonium nitride (MUPN) fuel at the complex experimental installations of JSC SChC are used as the input data for the preliminary assessment of radiation doses to workers. The models for assessment of radiation risk of potential exposure have been developed in accordance with the recommendations of the ICRP and the IAEA.

Results: Preliminary estimates of the doses of external gamma-neutron (2.5 ± 0.5 mSv / year) and internal exposure of workers (~1 mSv/year1) are related to the current levels of exposure of workers of complex experimental installations. These levels are the result of exposure to ionizing radiation sources associated both with the development of new technologies and with residual radioactive contamination resulting from previous activities not related to the manufacture of MUPN fuel. The presented dose estimates are related to the use of raw materials that have undergone deep preliminary purification from radiogenic impurities. When irradiated nuclear materials are used as raw materials, the levels of gamma-neutron exposure to workers will be significantly higher. The maximum increase in the generalized risk of potential exposure due to annual exposure is estimated for women aged 18 years at the beginning of exposure, for which the increase in this risk is 1.45 × 10-4 year-1, which is 1.37 times lower than the limit established by the Russian radiation safety standards NRB-99/2009: 2 × 10-4 year-1. All predicted values of the lifetime attributable fraction of radiation (LARF) in mortality from malignant neoplasms are significantly less than the control level of the minimum significant risk recommended by the IAEA (LARF = 5 %), and the maximum value of LARF = 2.8 % is achieved for women aged 18 years at the beginning of exposure.

Conclusion: Restrictions on the radiation risks of potential exposure, established by NRB-99/2009, as well as those recommended by the IAEA for not exceeding the reference level of the minimum significant risk, are met with a large reserve. The results obtained and the developed methods will be used to ensure the radiation safety of workers during the transition from experimental installations to pilot industrial implementation of the technology for the production of MUPN fuel.

Keywords:  mixed nitride uranium-plutonium fuel, radiation safety, complex experimental installation, radiation dose to workers, radiation risk, generalized risk of potential exposure

For citation: Ilin LA, Samoilov AS, Tsovyanov  AG, Shinkarev SM, Shandala NK, Gantsovsky PP, Karev AE, Kukhta BA, Simakov AV, Klochkov VN, Korenkov IP, Lyaginskaya AM, Parinov OV, Ivanov VK, Chekin SYu, Menyailo AN, Tumanov KA, Solomatin VM, Izmestyev KM. Radiation-Hygienic Investigations оf Experimental Production оf Mixed Nitride Uranium-Plutonium Fuel at JSC SChC. Part 2: Doses and Risks. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2022;67(1):39-45.

DOI: 10.12737/1024-6177-2022-67-1-39-45

References

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7. Ivanov V.K., Chekin S.Yu., Menyaylo A.N., Lovachev S.S., Seleva N.G., Bakin R.I., Ilyichev Ye.A., Kiselev A.A., Solomatin V.M., Adamov Ye.O., Lemekhov V.V., Proukhin A.V. Assessment of Potential Radiological Risks of the Public under Implementation of the "Proryv" Project of the State Atomic Energy Corporation "Rosatom". Part 2. Determination of Radiological Detriment. Radiatsiya i Risk = Radiation and Risk. 2020;29;4:48-68 (In Russ.).

8. Ilyin L.A., Samoylov A.S., Tsovyanov A.G., Shinkarev S.M., Shandala N.K., Gantsovskiy P.P., Karev A.YE., Kukhta B.A., Simakov A.V., Klochkov V.N., Korenkov I.P., Lyaginskaya A.M., Parinov O.V., Solomatin V.M., Izmestyev K.M. Radiation-Hygienic Investigations of Experimental Production of Mixed Nitride Uranium-Plutonium Fuel at JSC SChC. Part 1. Methods and Results. Meditsinskaya Radiologiya i Radiatsionnaya Bezopasnost = Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2021;5:23-32 (In Russ.).

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16. Ivanov V.K., Karpenko S.V., Kashcheyev V.V., Lovachev S.S., Kashcheyeva P.V., Shchukina N.V., Tumanov K.A., Kochergina YE.V., Maksyutov M.A. Dependence of the Minimum Detectable Dose Level of Radiation Risks of Cancer Versus the Observation Period in a Cohort of Russian Liquidators of the Chernobyl Accident. Radiatsiya i Risk = Radiation and Risk. 2018;27;3:32-41 (In Russ.).

 PDF (RUS) Full-text article (in Russian)

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

 Financing. The study had no sponsorship.

Contribution. Article was prepared with equal participation of the authors.

Article received: 23.12.2020. 

Accepted for publication: 20.01.2021. 

Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2022. Vol. 67. № 1

Dose Assessment to the Lens of the Eye and Skin of the Personnel
in Advanced Medical Technologies

Korenkov I.P.¹, Okhrimenko S.E.^1,2, Shandala N.K.¹,
Semenova M.P.¹, Ryzhkin S.A.², Ermolina E.P.² , Akopova N.A.²

¹A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Moscow, Russia

²Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russia

Contact person: Okhrimenko Sergey Evgenevich: : This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

ABSTRACT

Background: The widespread use of radiation technologies in medicine puts some new issues on the agenda in the field of radiation safety and protection of the personnel. This primarily relates to the advanced methods of diagnosis and treatment with the use of X-ray technology and radiopharmaceuticals (RPhP) under conditions of occupational exposure to low-intensity scattered radiation. The applied personal protective equipment reliably assures that the effective dose is not exceeded, but does not ensure compliance with the standards for the lens of the eye and the irradiated areas of the skin.

Purpose: This study is to evaluate, in the advanced medical technologies, the doses to the lens of the eye and skin of the personnel working in a low-intensity radiation field and in direct contact with radioactive sources.

Materials and methods: To evaluate the doses, TLD detectors were used for the purpose of dose assessment to the lens of the eye НР(3) and the skin of the fingers НР(0,07). The data of international studies are involved.

Results: In conditions of a significant reduction in the limits of equivalent doses to the lens of the eye, up to 20 mSv the assessment of the radiationlevels of the latter, based on data on the effective dose, becomes impossible. In addition, there are facts of damage to the lens of the eye at much lower levels of radiation than previously thought. The paper evaluates the existing exposure to the lens of the eye for some medical technologies, both according to the published data and according to the results of our own research. It is shown that the existing radiation levels can significantly exceed 20 mSv per year (up to 0.2 mSv per operation) and it is impossible to exclude the stochastic nature of lens damage. Data on the levels of skin irradiation in X-ray surgical technologies and when using RPhP based on 18F (up to 200 mSv per year for finger biting) are also provided.). New approaches to rationing activities with radiation sources are considered based on the assessment of the workload: the number of manipulations, the activity used.

Conclusion: The research data confirm the relevance of the problem of exposure to the lens of the eye and the skin of the personnel working in the field of scattered radiation of low intensity. Along with the assessment of the equivalent doses to these organs, epidemiological studies should be conducted for the purpose ofassessment and development of adequate radiation protection measures for the lens of the eye and the irradiated parts of the skin (hands)

Keywords: lens of the eye, skin, effective dose, equivalent dose, 18F, X-ray radiation, cataract, personnel

For citation: Okhrimenko SE, Korenkov IP, Shandala NK, Semenova MP, Ryzhkin SA, Ermolina EP, Akopova NA. Dose Assessment to the Lens of the Eye and Skin of the Personnel in Advanced Medical Technologies // Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2022;67(1):39-44.

DOI: 10.12737/1024-6177-2022-67-1-54-59

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 PDF (RUS) Full-text article (in Russian)

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Financing. The study had no sponsorship.

Contribution. Article was prepared with equal participation of the authors.

Article received: 17.07.2021. 

Accepted for publication: 05.09.2021

Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2022. Vol. 67. № 1

Reference and Information Complex REGISTR
of the Urals Research Center for Radiation Medicine
of the FMBA of Russia

N.V. Startsev¹, E.A. Shishkina^1,2, E.A. Blinova^1,2, A.V. Akleyev^1,2

¹ Urals Research Center for Radiation Medicine, Chelyabinsk, Russia 

² Chelyabinsk State University, Chelyabinsk, Russia 

Contact person: Startsev Nikolay Valerievich: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

ABSTRACT

Currently, the Urals Research Center for Radiation Medicine has collected arrays of socio-demographic, dosimetric and medical and biological information. The manuscript presents reference and information complex REGISTR recently developed in the URCRM to optimize the use of multiple registers and data bases. The development of reference and information complex enabled to significantly increase the use of various information resources, and provides strategic planning of new integral studies. A description of archive and actual registers and data bases of the URCRM scientific departments is presented in the manuscript. The issues of possible integration of information saved in various formats were addressed. The manuscript shows that a unified system of coding patients can be treated as a way of integration of information. The manuscript contains a capability description of reference and information complex REGISTR for facilitating research planning and possibility of integration of information obtained in different URCRM scientific departments. A technical implementation of the complex development was described. The article shows an illustration of how the REGISTR complex was used for planning of the research performed in the Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Radiobiology. The development direction of REGISTR complex was considered. 

Keywords: information complex REGISTR, data base, specialized registers, integration of information, personal data protection, development prospects

For citation: Startsev NV, Shishkina EA, Blinova EA, Akleyev AV. Reference and Information Complex REGISTR of the Urals Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the FMBA of Russia. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2022;67(1):46-53.

DOI: 10.12737/1024-6177-2022-67-1-46-53

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 PDF (RUS) Full-text article (in Russian)

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Financing. The study had no sponsorship.

Contribution. Article was prepared with equal participation of the authors.

Article received: 17.07.2021. 

Accepted for publication: 05.09.2021

Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2022. Vol. 67. № 1

Analysis of the Risk of Death from cerebrovascular Disease of
Liquidators of the Consequences of the Accident at the Chernobyl NPP, Employees of the Atomic Industry

I.L. Shafransky, A.R. Tukov, O.N. Prohorova, M.V. Kalinina

A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Moscow, Russia

Contact person: Tukov Alexander Romanovich, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

ABSTRACT

Purpose: Assessment of the risk of death of the liquidators of the Chernobyl accident from cerebrovascular diseases.

Material and methods: The risk of death of liquidators of the Chernobyl accident from cerebrovascular diseases (ICD 10: I60-I69.9) was estimated using the Industry Register of persons exposed to radiation as a result of the Chernobyl accident over a thirty-year period, with a verified dose of external exposure obtained by operating in the 30 km zone of the Chernobyl NPP. The study included men - 12,663 people, 1327 of them have a dose of occupational exposure. Rough relative risks of mortality from cerebrovascular diseases were evaluated for five dose groups based on internal control. At the second stage of the study, all data were stratified by age, dose load and Follow up period. Based on the obtained stratified data file, the Poisson regression procedure was carried out, for which the Epicure AMFIT module was used and the magnitude of the excess relative risk (ERR) of death from cerebrovascular diseases was calculated and the nature of the dose dependence of EI was investigated. A cohort epidemiological study of a group of liquidators of 1986-1990 was conducted over a thirty-year period, depending on the dose, both obtained during the liquidation of the consequences of the Chernobyl accident and during work with radioactive substances (RS) in the profession. 

Results: For the first time, direct estimates of the radiogenic risk of death from cerebrovascular diseases have been obtained. A risk decrease in this type of death per unit dose was shown for dose loads implemented during the liquidation of the consequences of the Chernobyl accident and professional doses too.

Conclusion: Liquidators in the long-term after the work on eliminating the consequences of the accident need generally accepted medical care approaches aimed at preventing and treating such common diseases as cardiovascular diseases. The results can be used in the development of radiation safety regulation.

Keywords: radiation, risk of death, relative risk, cerebrovascular disease, the Chernobyl accident, EPICURE, AMFIT, ROSATOM,  radiation safety

For citation: Shafransky IL, Tukov AR, Prohorova ON, Kalinina MV. Analysis of the Risk of Death from cerebrovascular Disease of Liquidators of the Consequences of the Accident at the Chernobyl NPP, Employees of the Atomic Industry. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2022;67(1):60-64.

DOI: 10.12737/1024-6177-2022-67-1-60-64

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 PDF (RUS) Full-text article (in Russian)

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Financing. The study had no sponsorship.

Contribution. Article was prepared with equal participation of the authors.

Article received: 05.06.2021. 

Accepted for publication: 15.12.2021