JOURNAL DESCRIPTION
The Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety journal ISSN 1024-6177 was founded in January 1956 (before December 30, 1993 it was entitled Medical Radiology, ISSN 0025-8334). In 2018, the journal received Online ISSN: 2618-9615 and was registered as an electronic online publication in Roskomnadzor on March 29, 2018. It publishes original research articles which cover questions of radiobiology, radiation medicine, radiation safety, radiation therapy, nuclear medicine and scientific reviews. In general the journal has more than 30 headings and it is of interest for specialists working in thefields of medicine¸ radiation biology, epidemiology, medical physics and technology. Since July 01, 2008 the journal has been published by State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency. The founder from 1956 to the present time is the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, and from 2008 to the present time is the Federal Medical Biological Agency.
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Issues journals
Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2021. Vol. 66. № 6. P. 81–92
Possibilities of Local Microwave Hyperthermia in Oncology
O.K. Kurpeshev
Siberian Scientific Research Institute of Hyperthermia, Novosibirsk, Russia.
Contact person: Orazakhmet Kerimbaevich Kurpeshev, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
CONTENTS
The review analyzes the features of the interaction of electromagnetic (EM) energy with various tissues and the temperature distribution in model, experimental and clinical studies from emitters for external and intracavitary microwave hyperthermia (MWHT). The effect of MWHT on the antitumor efficacy of radiation (RT) and / or chemotherapy (CT), as well as toxic effects on normal tissues, was studied. Based on the literature data and our own experience, some approaches to the treatment of cancer patients have been identified. The general principles of the method, the design features of the applicators and their role in creating a hyperthermic regime in tumors of superficial and subsurface localization are also considered. The development of methods for thermometric control and supply of the EM field, allowing relatively uniform heating of tumors, as well as the determination of the minimum effective thermal doses, remains a priority area of research both in MW and other hyperthermia methods.
Based on the literature data and our own experience, some approaches to the treatment of cancer patients have been identified.
Keywords: hyperthermia, microwave radiation, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, thermoradiotherapy, thermochemoradiation therapy
For citation: Kurpeshev OK. Possibilities of Local Microwave Hyperthermia in Oncology. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2021;66(6):81–92.
DOI: 10.12737/1024-6177-2021-66-6-81-92
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PDF (RUS) Full-text article (in Russian)
Conflict of interest. The author declare no conflict of interest.
Financing. The study had no sponsorship.
Contribution. The article was prepared by one author.
Article received: 18.09.2021.
Accepted for publication: 22.10.2021.
Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2021. Vol. 66. № 6. P. 93–98
Determination of Monitor Doses in Neutron Therapy Using the U-120 Cyclotron
V. А. Lisin
Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Tomsk, Russia
Contact person: Valery Andreevich Lisin, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Abstract
Purpose Analyze the various methods for determining the monitor doses in neutron therapy using the U-120 cyclotron and to choose the monitoring method that provides the highest accuracy in dose delivery to the tumor.
Material and methods The distributions of the absorbed dose of the therapeutic beam from the U-120 cyclotron were measured in a tissue-equivalent medium using the differential method, in which two ionization chambers with different sensitivity to neutron radiation were used. A comparison of radiation effects on tissues using various techniques of determining the monitor doses was made. The linear-quadratic model was used to assess responses to ionizing radiation.
Results Dosimetry studies revealed that the therapeutic beam of the U-120 cyclotron contains concomitant gamma radiation, the contribution of which to the total neutron-photon dose increases with increasing depth of the irradiated medium. The presence of gamma radiation in the neutron beam dictate the need to find the correct method for monitoring neutron therapy. A comparison of radiation effects on the tumor tissue using different techniques of determining the monitor doses was made. It was found that at equal neutron-photon doses, the neutron dose in the tumor changed depending on its depth. It can lead to an incorrect conclusion about the effectiveness of neutron therapy depending on a single dose as well as in relation to various dose fractionation schedules.
Conclusion The analysis of the results obtained showed that the problem can be most accurately solved using a technique in which the monitor coefficient and monitor doses are determined from the distribution of the neutron dose, taking into account the contribution of the gamma radiation dose to the total neutron-photon dose.
Key words: neutron therapy, monitor doses, linear quadratic model
For citation: Lisin VА. Determination of Monitor Doses in Neutron Therapy Using the U-120 Cyclotron. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2021;66(6):93–98.
DOI: 10.12737/1024-6177-2021-66-6-93-98
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PDF (RUS) Full-text article (in Russian)
Conflict of interest. The author declare no conflict of interest.
Financing. The study had no sponsorship.
Contribution. The article was prepared by one author.
Article received: 07.06.2019.
Accepted for publication: 20.09.2021.
Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2021. Vol. 66. № 6. P. 102–110
Comparative Analysis of Approaches to Regulation and Monitoring
of Workers for Internal Radiation Exposure
A.A. Molokanov, B.A.Kukhta, E.Yu. Maksimova
A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Moscow, Russia.
Contact person: Andrey Alekseevich Molokanov, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Abstract
Purpose: Harmonization and improvement of the system for regulating the internal radiation exposure of workers and the basic requirements for ensuring radiation safety with international requirements and recommendations.
Material and methods: Issues related to the development of approaches to regulation and monitoring of workers for internal radiation exposure in the process of evolution of the ICRP recommendations and the national radiation safety standards, are considered. The subject of analysis is the standardized values: dose limits for workers and permissible levels as well as directly related methods of monitoring of workers for internal radiation exposure, whose purpose is to determine the degree of compliance with the principles of radiation safety and regulatory requirements, including non-exceeding the basic dose limits and permissible levels. The permissible levels of inhalation intake of insoluble compounds (dioxide) of plutonium-239 are considered as a numerical example.
Results: Based on the analysis of approaches to the regulation and monitoring of workers for internal radiation exposure for the period from 1959 to 2019, it is shown that a qualitative change in the approach occurred in the 1990s. It was due to a decrease in the number of standardized values by introducing a single dose limit for all types of exposure: the effective dose E, which takes into account the different sensitivity of organs and tissues for stochastic radiation effects (WT), using the previously accepted concepts of the equivalent dose H and groups of critical organs. From the analysis it follows that the committed effective dose is a linear transformation of the intake, linking these two quantities by the dose coefficient, which does not depend on the time during which the intake occurred, and reflects certain exposure conditions of the radionuclide intake (intake routes, parameters of aerosols and type of radionuclide compounds). It was also shown that the reference value of the function z(t) linking the measured value of activity in an organ (tissue) or in excretion products with the committed effective dose for a reference person, which is introduced for the first time in the publications of the ICRP OIR 2015-2019, makes it possible to standardize the method of measuring the normalized value of the effective dose.
Based on the comparison of the predicted values of the lung and daily urine excretion activities following constant chronic inhalation intake of insoluble plutonium compounds at a rate equal annual limit of intake (ALI) during the period of occupational activity 50 years it was shown that the modern biokinetic models give a slightly lower level (on average 2 times) of the lungs exposure compared to the models of the previous generation and a proportionally lower level (on average 1.4 times) of plutonium urine excretion for the standard type of insoluble plutonium compounds S. However, for the specially defined insoluble plutonium compound, PuO2, the level of plutonium urine excretion differs significantly downward (on average 11.5 times) compared to the models of the previous generation.
Conclusion: With the practical implementation of new ICRP OIR models, in particular for PuO2 compounds, additional studies should be carried out on the behavior of insoluble industrial plutonium compounds in the human body. Besides, additional possibilities should be used to determine the intake of plutonium by measuring in the human body the radionuclide Am-241, which is the Pu-241 daughter. To determine the plutonium urine excretion, the most sensitive measurement techniques should be used, having a decision threshold about fractions of mBq in a daily urine for S-type compounds and an order of magnitude lower for PuO2 compounds. This may require the development and implementation in monitoring practice the plutonium-DTPA Biokinetic Model.
Key words: committed effective dose, annual equivalent dose on critical organ, regulation, radiation safety standards, monitoring of workers for internal radiation exposure, biokinetic model, dosimetric model
For citation: Molokanov AA, Kukhta BA, Maksimova EYu. Comparative Analysis of Approaches to Regulation and Monitoring of Workers for Internal Radiation Exposure. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2021;66(6):102–110.
DOI: 10.12737/1024-6177-2021-66-6-102-110
References
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Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Financing. The study had no sponsorship.
Contribution. Article was prepared with equal participation of the authors.
Article received: 10.08.2021
Accepted for publication: 21.09.2021.
Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2021. Vol. 66. № 6. P. 99–101
Conducting Studies of the Am-241 Radionuclide Incorporated
into the Human Body Using a Wound Detector
V.N. Yatsenko, G.M. Avetisov, D.I. Vzorov, S.L. Burtsev, O.V. Yatsenko, E.S. Leonov
A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Moscow, Russia.
Contact person: Vladimir Naumovich Yatsenko, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Abstract
Purpose: to develop a method for experimental study of the distribution of radionuclide 241Am in human organs and tissues during wound admission to clarify the process of formation of doses of alpha radiation.
Material and methods: in clinical practice of Burnazyan FMBC of the FMBA of Russia To improve the method of determination, an experiment was performed to determine the depth of radionuclide on pigskin with the location of 241Am point sources behind different thicknesses.
Results: the used methods of measurement, tested on pigskin, allowed to obtain the dependence of the localization depth of radionuclide 241Am on the measured on the surface of the tissue ratios of photons with different energies.
Conclusion: Set the ratio of photons with different energies on the thickness of the barrier (depth), and proven methodology allow you to go directly to the planning of experimental studies on the barrier effect created in the bone material, and including a radionuclide, the formation of doses of alpha radiation on the bone marrow.
Key words: Wound entry, deepening of the radionuclide in biological tissue, absorbed dose of alpha radiation, distribution of americium in organs and tissues, wound gamma spectrometer
For citation: Yatsenko VN, Avetisov GM, Vzorov DI, Burtsev SL, Yatsenko OV, Leonov ES. Conducting Studies of the Am-241 Radionuclide Incorporated into the Human Body Using a Wound Detector. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2021;66(6):99–101.
DOI: 10.12737/1024-6177-2021-66-6-99-101
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Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Financing. The study had no sponsorship.
Contribution. Article was prepared with equal participation of the authors.
Article received: 16.09.2021.
Accepted for publication: 22.10.2021.
Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2021. Vol. 66. № 6. P. 111–115
Harmonization of the Russian Federation Legislation
with Current International Recommendations
O.A. Kochetkov, V.N. Klochkov, A.S. Samoylov, N.K. Shandala
A.I. Burnazyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Moscow, Russia.
Contact person:Vladimir Nikolaevich Klochkov, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Abstract
Purpose: Harmonization of the Russian Federation legislation with current international recommendations
Results: The concept of the radiation safety system has been significantly modified by recommendations of ICRP (2007) and IAEA (2014). An analysis of existing international regulatory framework for radiation safety allowed to identify the main provisions to be implemented in the Russian legal and regulatory framework. It’s showed that the current Federal Law of 09.01.1996 No. 3-FZ «On Radiation Safety of Population» must be ultimately revised to be harmonized with international documents. General approaches to legal regulation of radiation safety should be essentially modified to create a strong relationship between this law and other regulatory and legal documents in force in the Russian Federation.
Conclusion: An article-by-article analysis of the current Federal Law of 09.01.1996 No. 3-FZ «On Radiation Safety of Population « showed the need to modify 22 existing articles and add 12 new articles in order to harmonize it with international documents. Given such a large volume of modification it is advisable to pass a new law with simultaneous abolition of the current federal law. A new name has been proposed: Federal Law of the Russian Federation «On Radiation Safety in the Russian Federation».
The enactment of the Federal Law of the Russian Federation «On Radiation Safety in the Russian Federation» with the main by-laws approved by the Russian Federation Government – «Radiation Safety Standards» and «Basic Rules for Ensuring Radiation Safety» – will allow to establish an actual regulatory framework for ensuring radiation safety of personnel and population in Russia.
Keywords: radiation safety, regulatory act, law enforcement practice, personnel, population
For citation: Kochetkov OA, Klochkov VN, Samoylov AS, Shandala NK. Harmonization of the Russian Federation Legislation with Current International Recommendations. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2021;66(6):111–115.
DOI: 10.12737/1024-6177-2021-66-6-111-115
References
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Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Financing. The study had no sponsorship.
Contribution. Article was prepared with equal participation of the authors.
Article received: 01.11.20211.
Accepted for publication: 02.11.2021.