JOURNAL DESCRIPTION
The Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety journal ISSN 1024-6177 was founded in January 1956 (before December 30, 1993 it was entitled Medical Radiology, ISSN 0025-8334). In 2018, the journal received Online ISSN: 2618-9615 and was registered as an electronic online publication in Roskomnadzor on March 29, 2018. It publishes original research articles which cover questions of radiobiology, radiation medicine, radiation safety, radiation therapy, nuclear medicine and scientific reviews. In general the journal has more than 30 headings and it is of interest for specialists working in thefields of medicine¸ radiation biology, epidemiology, medical physics and technology. Since July 01, 2008 the journal has been published by State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency. The founder from 1956 to the present time is the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, and from 2008 to the present time is the Federal Medical Biological Agency.
Members of the editorial board are scientists specializing in the field of radiation biology and medicine, radiation protection, radiation epidemiology, radiation oncology, radiation diagnostics and therapy, nuclear medicine and medical physics. The editorial board consists of academicians (members of the Russian Academy of Science (RAS)), the full member of Academy of Medical Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, corresponding members of the RAS, Doctors of Medicine, professor, candidates and doctors of biological, physical mathematics and engineering sciences. The editorial board is constantly replenished by experts who work in the CIS and foreign countries.
Six issues of the journal are published per year, the volume is 13.5 conventional printed sheets, 88 printer’s sheets, 1.000 copies. The journal has an identical full-text electronic version, which, simultaneously with the printed version and color drawings, is posted on the sites of the Scientific Electronic Library (SEL) and the journal's website. The journal is distributed through the Rospechat Agency under the contract № 7407 of June 16, 2006, through individual buyers and commercial structures. The publication of articles is free.
The journal is included in the List of Russian Reviewed Scientific Journals of the Higher Attestation Commission. Since 2008 the journal has been available on the Internet and indexed in the RISC database which is placed on Web of Science. Since February 2nd, 2018, the journal "Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety" has been indexed in the SCOPUS abstract and citation database.
Brief electronic versions of the Journal have been publicly available since 2005 on the website of the Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety Journal: http://www.medradiol.ru. Since 2011, all issues of the journal as a whole are publicly available, and since 2016 - full-text versions of scientific articles. Since 2005, subscribers can purchase full versions of other articles of any issue only through the National Electronic Library. The editor of the Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety Journal in accordance with the National Electronic Library agreement has been providing the Library with all its production since 2005 until now.
The main working language of the journal is Russian, an additional language is English, which is used to write titles of articles, information about authors, annotations, key words, a list of literature.
Since 2017 the journal Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety has switched to digital identification of publications, assigning to each article the identifier of the digital object (DOI), which greatly accelerated the search for the location of the article on the Internet. In future it is planned to publish the English-language version of the journal Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety for its development. In order to obtain information about the publication activity of the journal in March 2015, a counter of readers' references to the materials posted on the site from 2005 to the present which is placed on the journal's website. During 2015 - 2016 years on average there were no more than 100-170 handlings per day. Publication of a number of articles, as well as electronic versions of profile monographs and collections in the public domain, dramatically increased the number of handlings to the journal's website to 500 - 800 per day, and the total number of visits to the site at the end of 2017 was more than 230.000.
The two-year impact factor of RISC, according to data for 2017, was 0.439, taking into account citation from all sources - 0.570, and the five-year impact factor of RISC - 0.352.
Issues journals
Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2021. Vol. 66. № 6. P. 5–9
Medical Radiological Consequences after 35 Years after the Accident at the Chernobyl NPP
L.A. Ilyin2, V.C. Ivanov1, I.I. Linge3, V.V. Kashcheev1, O.A. Kochetkov2, A.R. Tukov2, I.L. Shafransky2
1A.F. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre, Obninsk, Russia
2A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Moscow, Russia
3Nuclear Safety Institute, Moscow, Russia
Contact person: Tukov Aleksandr Romanovich: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
ABSTRACT
Purpose: In an article prepared on the basis of the conclusion of the Russian Scientific Commission on Radiological Protection (RSCRP) at the Department of Medical Sciences of the Russian Academy of Sciences "Assessment of the radiological consequences of the Chernobyl accident after 35 years according to the National Radiation and Epidemiological Register" (NRER), the main conclusions of the large-scale radiation-epidemiological studies carried out.
Material and methods: The work uses information NRER – liquidators of the consequences of the Chernobyl accident and the Branch Register of FMBA of Russia – liquidators. When assessing the excess relative risk of malignant neoplasms, the EPICURE.
Results: The current status of the National Radiation and Epidemiological Register, which is currently functioning within the framework of the Law of the Russian Federation of 30.12.2012 No. 329-FZ “On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation in terms of ensuring that changes in the health status of certain categories of citizens are taken into account exposed to radiation". For the first time in an integral form, the article presents the medical radiological consequences of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant for the population of Russia. It was found that an increase in the incidence of thyroid cancer due to incorporated exposure to 131I was found in a cohort of children and adolescents (28 856 people) who received radiation doses of more than 200 mGy in 1986. There was no increase in the incidence of thyroid cancer among the adult population. Analysis of the incidence of solid cancers in the territories of the Bryansk, Kaluga, Tula and Oryol regions contaminated with radionuclides did not reveal an increase in the frequency of this pathology for children and adults. It is shown that in the cohort of liquidators of the Chernobyl accident, who received radiation doses of more than 150 mGy (35 303 people), an increase in the incidence of leukemia during the first 11 years after the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant and solid cancers was revealed in comparison with the spontaneous level.
Conclusions: The article points out serious limitations associated with a high degree of uncertainty in the received personal dosimetric data on liquidators in 1986–1987. and the need to use the total dose from all types of radiation (professional, emergency, medical, natural) to calculate the radiation risk. RSCRP emphasizes the high urgency of continuing work on reducing the uncertainty of dosimetry data and assessing the radiological consequences of the Chernobyl accident based on a comprehensive analysis of the NRER data.
Key words: Russian Scientific Commission on Radiological Protection, National Radiation and Epidemiological Register, Chernobyl Accident, medical radiological consequences, RADRUE technology, total radiation dose, medical and social rehabilitation
For citation: Ilyin LA, Ivanov VK, Linge II, Kashcheev VV, Kochetkov OA, Tukov AR, Shafransky IL. Medical Radiological Consequences 35 years after the Chernobyl Accident. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2021;66(6):5-9.
DOI: 10.12737/1024-6177-2021-66-6-5-9
References
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2. 35 Years of the Chernobyl Accident. Results and Prospects of Overcoming its Consequences In Russiania. 1986–2021. Russian National Report. Ed. Bolshov L.A. Moscow, Akadem-Print Publ., 2021. 104 p. (In Russian.).
3. Ivanov V.K., Maksyutov M.A., Tumanov K.A., Kochergina E.V., et al. 35-Year Experience of NRER Functioning as a State Information System for Monitoring the Radiological Consequences of the Chernobyl Disaster. Radiation and Risk. 2021;30;1:7–39. (In Russian.).
4. Ivanov V.K., Kashcheyev V.V., Chekin S.Yu., Maksyutov M.A., et al. Assessment of Radiation Risks of Malignant Neoplasms among the Population of Russian Regions Contaminated with Radionuclides as a Result of the Accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant. Radiation and Risk. 2021;30;1:131–146. (In Russian.).
5. Kryuchkov V.P. Radiation and Dosimetric Aspects of Liquidation of the Consequences of the Accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant. Moscow, IzdAT Publ., 2011. 252 p. (In Russian.).
6. Ilyin L.A., Kryuchkov V.P., Osanov D.P., Pavlov D.A. Exposure Levels of the Participants in the Liquidation of the Consequences of the Chernobyl Accident in 1986-1987. and Verification of Dosimetry Data. Radiation Biology. Radioecology 1995;35;6:803-828. (In Russian.).
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11. Ilyin L.A. Realities and Myths of Chernobyl. Ed. 2-e. Moscow, ALARA Limited Publ., 1996.494 p. (In Russian.).
12. Tukov A.R., Shafranskiy I.L., Biryukov A.P., Fomin A.A. Comparative Analysis of the Risk in the Radiation-Epidemiological Study of Persons Who Took Part in the Elimination of the Consequences of the Chernobyl Accident, Using Various Types of Radiation. Honey. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2015;60;6:27–33 (In Russian.).
13. Tukov A.R., Biryukov A.P., Shafranskiy I.L. Is Radiation Safety Safe? Radiation and Risk. 2018;27;2:7–19 (In Russian.).
14. Tukov A.R., Biryukov A.P., Shafranskiy I.L., Prokhorova O.N. Radiation Safety Assessment Requires Correct Epidemiological Data. Nuclear and Radiation Safety. 2019;4:22–28. (In Russian.).
PDF (RUS) Full-text article (in Russian)
Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Financing. The study had no sponsorship.
Contribution. Article was prepared with equal participation of the authors.
Article received: 10.08.2021
Accepted for publication: 21.09.2021.
Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2021. Vol. 66. № 6. P. 10–17
Methodological Approaches to Measurement of Carbon-14 for Control of its Radiation
Impact on the Personnel and the Public
V.N. Klochkov, L.I. Kuznetsova, N.A. Eremina, D.I. Kabanov, A.A. Maximov,
S.V. Berezin, A.A. Androsova, E.V. Klochkova, P.P. Surin, V.K. Velichko
A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Moscow, Russia
Contact person: Klochkov Vladimir Nikolaevich: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
ABSTRACT
Purpose: Analysis of the current regulatory and methodological framework on control of doses from intake of 14С for the personnel and the public living in the control area of the nuclear power plant (NPP). Identifying the most informative methods of controlling radiation impact of 14С on a human being.
Material and methods: Research literature on radiation impact of naturally occurring 14С; 14С entering the environment as a result of nuclear weapon tests; and 14С entering workplaces and the control area of NPP has been reviewed. Dose coefficients and other radiation characteristics of 14С provided in IAEA, ICRP and UNSCEAR publications have been summarized.
Results: According to UNSCEAR, annual radiation burden caused by global 14С is the highest one (about 80 %) among radiation burdens associated with four critical naturally occurring cosmogenic radionuclides: 3Н (0.01 µSv/year), 7Be (3.0 µSv/year), 14С (12 µSv/year) and 24Na (0.2µSv/year). The main way of 14С intake is the alimentary one when this isotope enters the human body with food. Dose from this kind of intake of global 14С can reach 40 µSv. The annual dose caused by aerogenic (inhalation) way of intake of global 14С does not exceed 1 µSv.
The most informative methods of dose assessment for the personnel of NPP and the public living in the control area involve measurement of content of 14С in top soil, vegetation and food products.
Conclusions: Significant amount of 14С enters the environment within the control area during operation of NPP, which causes the public radiation dose exceeding the dose from global 14С. The most informative objects characterizing content of technogenic 14С in the control area of NPP are top soil (humus) and vegetation. The liquid scintillation spectrometry involves sample preparation by burning of samples in oxygen with capturing of generated carbon dioxide and its transfer into organic solvent. This is the most technologically viable method for mass control of 14С content in samples of top soil and vegetation.
Key words: radiation safety, carbon-14, control of specific activity, internal dose, soil, vegetation
For citation: Klochkov VN, Kuznetsova LI, Eremina NA, Kabanov DI, Maximov AA, Berezin SV, Androsova AA, Klochkova EV, Surin PP, Velichko VK. Methodological Approaches to Measurement of Carbon-14 for Control of its Radiation Impact on the Personnel and the Public. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2021;66(6):10-17.
DOI: 10.12737/1024-6177-2021-66-6-10-17
References
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2. Rublevskiy V.P., Yatsenko V.N., Chanyshev E.G. Role of Carbon-14 in Human Technogenic Exposure. Ed. Kochetkov O.A. Мoscow, IzdAT Publ., 2004. 197 p. ISBN 5-86656-160-3 (In Russ.).
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PDF (RUS) Full-text article (in Russian)
Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Financing. The study had no sponsorship.
Contribution. Article was prepared with equal participation of the authors.
Article received: 16.09.2021.
Accepted for publication: 22.10.2021.
Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2021. Vol. 66. № 6. P. 26–33
Analysis of the Appearance of Micronuclei in the Erythrocytes and Activity of Bone Marrow Cells Proliferation after the Prolonged Low Dose Fast Neutrons Irradiation of Mice
E.Yu. Moskaleva, A.N. Romantsova, Yu.P. Semochkina, A.V. Rodina, I.V. Cheshigin, A.S. Degtyarev, A.S. Zhirnik
National Research Center «Kurchatov Institute», Moscow, Russia
Contact person: Elizaveta Yurievna Moskaleva: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. ; This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
ABSTRACT
Purpose: To analyze the level of cytogenetic damage and the activity of bone marrow cells proliferation in C57BL/6 mice after prolonged fast neutrons low dose irradiation at 10–500 mGy.
Material and methods: Male C57BL/6 mice at the age of 7–8 and 16 weeks were used in the experiments. Irradiation was carried out on an OR-M installation in the field of fast neutrons and gamma quanta using five Pu(α,n)Be radionuclide sources with a high fast neutron yield at a dose rate of 2.13 mGy/h. The frequency of polychromatophilic (PCE) and normochromic (NCE) erythrocytes with micronuclei (MN) and the ratio of PCE and NCE were analyzed using light microscopy after cytochemical staining of the bone marrow cells of control and irradiated mice. The proliferation activity of bone marrow cells was determined by the number of Ki-67+-cells. The parameters of the cell cycle and the level of apoptosis were studied after DNA staining with DAPI using flow cytometry. Statistical processing of the results was carried out according to the Student’s method using the computer program Origin.
Results: It was found that prolonged irradiation of mice with fast neutrons at a low dose rate (2.13 mGy/h) at doses from 10 to 500 mGy after 24 h led to statistically significant increase in the frequency of PCE with MN at all studied doses. No dose dependence of this parameter was observed in the studied range. The increase in the frequency of PCE with MN at a dose of 500 mGy was prolonged and persisted for at least 72 h. A significant increase in the frequency of NCE with MN 24 h after irradiation was found only at a dose of 500 mGy, which persisted up to 48 h. At this dose, there was also a decrease in the number of nucleated cells in the bone marrow 24 – 72 h after exposure, a decrease in the number of Ki-67+-cells 24 h after irradiation of mice, a block of the cell cycle in the G2/M phase, and a decrease of cells in the G0/G1 phase, but after 48 h, there were no disturbances in the cell cycle.
Conclusion: It has been shown that after a single total prolonged irradiation of mice at low doses (10–500 mGy), when analyzing the frequency of PCE with MN, cytogenetic damage is recorded in the bone marrow, which indicates the genetic danger of exposure to even such low levels of fast neutron irradiation. A decrease in Ki67+ cells and cell cycle arrest at the G2/M phase were found only after irradiation of mice at a dose of 500 mGy and only 24 h after exposure, while the number of nucleated cells in the bone marrow at this dose was reduced, at least to 72 h.
Key words: micronuclei, bone marrow, cell cycle, cell proliferation, Ki-67, fast neutrons, prolonged irradiation, low dose, mice
For citation: Moskaleva EYu, Romantsova AN, Semochkina YuP, Rodina AV, Cheshigin IV, Degtyarev AS, Zhirnik AS. Analysis of the Appearance of Micronuclei in the Erythrocytes and Activity of Bone Marrow Cells Proliferation after the Prolonged Low Dose Fast Neutrons Irradiation of Mice. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2021;66(6):26–33.
DOI: 10.12737/1024-6177-2021-66-6-26-33
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PDF (RUS) Full-text article (in Russian)
Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Financing. The study had no sponsorship.
Contribution. Article was prepared with equal participation of the authors.
Article received: 10.08.2021
Accepted for publication: 21.09.2021.
Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2021. Vol. 66. № 6. P. 18–25
Radiation Safety in Nuclear Medicine: Report II. Normative Documents
B.Ya. Narkevich1,2
1Association of Medical Physicists of Russia, Moscow, Russia
2N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, Russia
Contact person: Narkevich Boris Yaroslavovich: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
ABSTRACT
The specifics of improving current regulatory acts on nuclear medicine under the conditions of the "regulatory guillotine" are considered. The current state of regulatory documentation on ensuring the radiation safety of patients, personnel, individuals from the population and the environment, as well as on assessing working conditions and pension provision for personnel of domestic nuclear medicine units, is analyzed. The presence of a large number of provisions that are scientifically unsubstantiated and inconsistent with international recommendations and many years of nuclear medicine practice is shown. A number of proposals have been developed to introduce appropriate amendments to regulatory documents intended for practical use after the end of the “regulatory guillotine”.
Key words: radiation safety, medical radiology, regulatory documentation, the need for improvement, “regulatory guillotine”
For citation: Narkevich BYa. Radiation Safety in Nuclear Medicine: Report II. Normative Documents. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2021;66(6):18-25.
DOI: 10.12737/1024-6177-2021-66-6-18-25
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PDF (RUS) Full-text article (in Russian)
Conflict of interest. The author declare no conflict of interest.
Financing. The study had no sponsorship.
Contribution. The article was prepared by one author.
Article received: 17.07.2021.
Accepted for publication: 05.09.2021
Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2021. Vol. 66. № 6. P. 34–38
Influence of Drinking Water Quality on the Current of Acute Radiation Disease in Mice
Bychkova T.M.1,2, Andrianova I.E.1, Nikitenko O.V.1,2, Stavrakova N.M.1, Parfenova I.M.1, Karaulova T.A.1, Gordeev A.V.1, Ivanov A.A.1,2,3
1A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Moscow, Russia
2RFSSC Institute of Biomedical Problems, Moscow, Russia
3Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia
Contact person: Taisia Mikhailovna Bychkova: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
ABSTRACT
Purpose: Assessing the role of various factors in the formation of radioresistance is an important branch of radiobiology. The quality of drinking water, as it turned out, can significantly affect radioresistance. Against the background of studying the antiradiation properties of various types of water, differing in mineral and isotopic composition, the problem of the influence of tap water on the course of radiation injury remained underestimated. This circumstance determined the purpose of the work: to evaluate the modifying effect of tap water on the course of acute radiation sickness after X-ray irradiation of mice at an average lethal dose.
Material and methods: Female ICR (CD-1) mice were irradiated with an average lethal dose once – 6.5 Gy of X-ray irradiation. After irradiation, half of the mice received tap water as drinking water, and the other half received artificially mineralized drinking water.
Results: Keeping animals on tap water significantly reduced the survival rate of mice both with a single dose (log-rank test p=0.02, χ2=5.38) compared with animals receiving artificially mineralized distilled water. In addition, in the group of mice that received tap water, an increase in the rate of death of mice and a lower preservation of the group mass of animals during the development of acute radiation injury was noted.
Conclusion: Tap water, used as drinking water, increases the damaging effect of radiation when X-rays are irradiated in mice.
Key words: tap water, artificially mineralized distilled water, X-ray irradiation, survival rate, mortality rate, mice, model
For citation: Bychkova TM, Andrianova IE, Nikitenko OV, Stavrakova NM, Parfenova IM, Karaulova TA, Gordeev AV, Ivanov AA. Influence of Drinking Water Quality on the Current of Acute Radiation Disease in Mice. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2021;66(6):34–38.
DOI: 10.12737/1024-6177-2021-66-6-34-38
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PDF (RUS) Full-text article (in Russian)
Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Financing. The study had no sponsorship.
Contribution. Article was prepared with equal participation of the authors.
Article received: 10.08.2021
Accepted for publication: 21.09.2021