Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2019. Vol. 64. No. 4. P. 64–75

DOI: 10.12737/1024-6177-2019-64-4-64-75

O.K. Kurpeshev¹, J. Van der Zee², M. Cavagnaro³

Hyperthermia for Deep Seated Tumours – Possibilities of Heating with Capacitive Devices

1. Siberian Scientific Research Institute of Hyperthermia, Novosibirsk region, Iskitim-5, Russia;
2. Erasmus Medical Centre, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands;
3. Sapienza University, Rome, Italy

O.K. Kurpeshev – PhD, MD, consultant;
J. Van der Zee – PhD, MD, member of European Society for Hyperthermic Oncology (ESHO);
M. Cavagnaro – Prof., PhD, Member of the Societies of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), the European Society for Hyperthermic Oncology (ESHO) and the European Association of BioElectromagnetics (EBEA)

Abstract

The review examines the general principles of capacitive electromagnetic hyperthermia (EMHT), the distribution of electromagnetic energy in various experimental models and in patients’ tumors, the design features of applicators from various capacitive hyperthermic systems and their role in achieving hyperthermic mode in tumors of deep localization. In classical capacitive EMHT, the main obstacle in achieving the required temperature in such tumors is overheating of the subcutaneous fatty tissue under the electrodes. For some capacitive hyperthermic systems, the heating of adipose tissues is enhanced due to the fact that the applicator design does not conform to certain technical requirements. In capacitive EMHT at frequencies of 8–13.56 MHz, obtaining the minimum hyperthermic mode is possible with output powers of 500–800 W, maximum – 1000–1200 W and above.

The results of the use of various hyperthermic capacitive systems in patients with malignant tumors of internal organs are analyzed.

Key words: radiation therapy, chemotherapy, thermoradiotherapy, thermochemotherapy, thermochemoradiation therapy, electromagnetic fields, hyperthermia, capacitive devices

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For citation: Kurpeshev OK, Van der Zee J, Cavagnaro M. Hyperthermia for Deep Seated Tumours – Possibilities of Heating with Capacitive Devices. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2019;64(4):64–75. (English and Russian).

DOI: 10.12737/1024-6177-2019-64-4-64-75

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Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2019. Vol. 64. No. 5. P. 5–8

DOI: 10.12737/1024-6177-2019-64-5-5-8

G.M. Minkabirova, S.A. Abdullaev

Increase of Cell-Free Nuclear and Mitochondrial DNA Content in the Urine of Rats after X-ray Irradiation or Bleomycin Administration

Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Pushchino, Russia. Е-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

G.M. Minkabirova – Junior Researcher;
S.A. Abdullaev – Research Fellow, PhD Biol.

Abstract

Purpose: To study the content of cell-free mitochondrial DNA (cf-mtDNA) and cell-free nuclear DNA (cf-nDNA) in urine of rats exposed to ionizing radiation, and after injection of a cytostatic drug bleomycin.
Material and methods: Wistar male rats aged 3 months were used in the experiments. Rats were irradiated at a doses of 3, 5, and 8 Gy. Bleomycin was administered intraperitoneally in concentrations of 3, 7, and 10 mg/kg. The DNA content was measured by real-time PCR.

Results: The results showed an increase in the level of the number of cf-nDNA and cf-mtDNA fragments in urine of irradiated rats. It was shown that the content of cf-nDNA and cf-mtDNA has a linear dependence on the X-ray dose. Thus, the maximum number of mtDNA and nDNA copies was recorded for 12–24th hours after irradiation. The number of PCR amplification products of cf-mtDNA is 2–3 times higher than those of cf-nDNA. Data analysis of the content of cf-nDNA and cf-mtDNA in rat urine after introduction of bleomycin also showed elevated levels compared with control animals. It was shown that the content of cf-nDNA and cf-mtDNA has a linear dependence on the dose of the chemotherapeutic drug.

Conclusion: Thus, it has been shown that it is possible to overcome the transrenal (renal) barrier in animals with cf-mtDNA and cf-nDNA and pass them into the urine after X-ray irradiation, as well as after the administration of bleomycin. The dose dependence of the identified effects was found. The increased content of cell-free DNA in the urine can be considered as a potential biomarker for assessing the level of genotoxic load during radiation damage to the body, as well as when exposed to other genotoxic agents.

Key words: cell-free DNA in urine, X-ray irradiation, bleomycin, rats

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For citation: Minkabirova GM, Abdullaev SA. Increase of Cell-Free Nuclear and Mitochondrial DNA Content in the Urine of Rats after X-ray Irradiation or Bleomycin Administration. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2019;64(5):5-8. (in Russian).

DOI: 10.12737/1024-6177-2019-64-5-5-8

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Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2019. Vol. 64. No. 4. P. 76–88

DOI: 10.12737/1024-6177-2019-64-4-76-88

A.D. Ryzhkov¹, A.S. Krylov¹, G.N. Machak², S.M. Kaspshik¹, A.B. Bludov¹, Y.A. Shchipakhina¹, N.V. Kochergina¹

Monitoring the Therapy of Osteosarcoma Metastases with SPECT/CT

1. N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center, Moscow, Russia. E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. ;
2. Central Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedicsof N.N. Priorov, Moscow, Russia

A.D. Ryzhkov – Leading Researcher, Dr. Sci. Med.;
A.S. Krylov – Radiologist, PhD Med.;
G.N. Machak – Dr. Sci. Med., Member of EMSOS;
S.M. Kaspshik – Clinical Intern;
А.B. Bludov – Researcher, PhD Med;
Y.A. Shchipakhina – Researcher, PhD Med.;
N.V. Kochergina – Leading Researcher, Dr. Sci. Med., Prof.

Abstract

A 43-year-old man presented with a history of osteogenic sarcoma of lower third of the right femur bone. In dynamic monitoring (2011–2018) in the Nuclear Medicine Department of N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Centre of oncology, Moscow, Russia a total of 48 radionuclide diagnostic studies were performed: 24 bone scans, 19 SPECT/CT (areas of interest) and 5 dynamic scintigraphies. The results of radionuclide diagnostics allowed to identify 6 episodes of progression of the underlying condition earlier than X-ray methods of imaging in the form of appearance of new metastases in bones, right lung and continued growth of some previously identified metastases in different periods of observation. Time between relapse detection and treatment ranged from 1 to 12 months. First of all it was because of the clinicians distrust to the results of radionuclide studies that were not confirmed by X-Ray at early stages. During the relapse treatment process patient received standard and innovative therapies: 10 courses of polychemotherapy, two surgeries for endoprosthesis replacement of the right knee and femur, upper lobectomy of the right lung, radiation therapy for metastasis in the left iliac bone (total boost dose – 52 Gy), radiation therapy on the CyberKnife device on metastases in the head of the 7th right rib and metastasis in the right lung, 2 sessions of ultrasonic thermal ablation on the HIFU in the area of metastases in the neck of the right femur, 5 courses of bisphosphonates. The method of hybrid imaging of SPECT/CT allowed us to reliably monitor the effectiveness of the therapy. Postradiation changes in osteosarcoma metastases consisted in a decrease bone (pathological) metabolism, while radio-intensity indices did not change. For the first time we observed the effect of ultrasonic thermal ablation in the treatment of bone metastases. The effect of the treatment manifested very quickly and we visualized it as a defect of accumulation of radiopharmaceutical, which is a consequence of damage to the tumor vessels and tissue necrosis. In the observation of osteosarcoma recurrence SPECT with osteotropic radiopharmaceuticals demonstrates advantages over PET with ¹⁸F-FDG. Bone scan and SPECT/CT have proven to be reliable methods of dynamic control of a patient with osteosarcoma.

Key words: SPECT/CT, bone scan, osteosarcoma, CyberKnife, HIFU

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For citation: Ryzhkov AD, Krylov AS, Machak GN, Kaspshik SM, Bludov AB, Shchipakhina YA, Kochergina NV. Monitoring the Therapy of Osteosarcoma Metastases with SPECT/CT. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2019;64(4):76–88. (English and Russian).

DOI: 10.12737/1024-6177-2019-64-4-76-88

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Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2019. Vol. 64. No. 5. P. 9–14

DOI: 10.12737/1024-6177-2019-64-5-9-14

N.K. Shandala¹, D.V. Isaev¹, A.V. Titov¹, V.V. Shlygin¹, Y.S. Belskikh¹, V.G. Starinskiy¹, R.A. Starinskaya¹, M.V. Zueva², L.A. Ilyin¹, A.M. Lyaginskaya¹

Radiation Survey in the Vicinity of the Shipyards Involved in Decommissioning and Dismantlement of Nuclear Ships

1. A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia.
E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. ;
2. Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology No. 120 of FMBA of Russia, Snezhnogorsk, Russia

N.K. Shandala – Deputy Director General, Dr. Sci. Med.;
D.V. Isaev – Researcher;
A.V. Titov – Senior Researcher;
V.V. Shlygin – Engineer;
I.S. Belskikh – Junior Researcher;
V.G. Starinskiy – Junior Researcher;
R.A. Starinskaya – Researcher;
M.V. Zueva – Head Physician;
L.A. Ilyin – Dr. Sci. Med., Prof., Academician of RAS;
A.M. Lyaginskaya – Chief Researcher, Dr. Sci. Biol., Prof.

Abstract

Purpose: To study radiation and health physics situation in the vicinity of the shipyards “The 10th Shipyard, a Holder of Order of the Red Banner of Labor” (JSC “10 SRZ”) and “The Nerpa Shipyard” – a branch of the JSC “The Shipyard Center “Zvezdochka” (SRZ “Nerpa”) after the completion of the main stage of nuclear submarine dismantling and to assess potential effect of on-going activities to the environment and population.

Material and methods: The following methods were used in radiation survey: pedestrian gamma survey of the site using portable gamma spectrometry complexes, gamma spectrometry and radiochemistry methods to determine the activity of manmade radionuclides in samples of environmental media.

Results: Radiation and health physics studies were carried out from 2013 till 2017. It was shown that gamma dose rate within the health protection zones and supervision areas (SA) of the shipyards including the territories of the nearest cities – Snezhnogorsk and Polyarnyi – was at the level of regional values and did not exceed 0.14 µSv/h. The activities of radionuclides in soil from the surveyed sites did not exceed 23 Bq/kg for ⁹⁰Sr and 100 Bq/kg for ¹³⁷Cs. Concentrations of ⁹⁰Sr and ¹³⁷Cs in plants (mosses) at the surveyed sites did not exceed 70 and 48 Bq/kg, respectively, this is a bit higher than the background levels of the reference village of Belokamenka (1 and 20 Bq/kg, respectively, for ⁹⁰Sr and ¹³⁷Cs). The activity of seawater (Barents Sea) in 2016–2018 reached 60 mBq/l for ⁹⁰Sr and 4 mBq/l for ¹³⁷Cs, at mean values from 2 to 4 mBq/l over the period between 1990 and 2000 for the studied radionuclides. Data for ¹³⁷Cs and ⁹⁰Sr measured in samples of local wild plants, in particular, mushrooms, did not exceed 100 Bq/kg, this is much lower than the established permissible specific activities.

Conclusion: Considerable impact of the work on the dismantling of nuclear submarines, maintenance ships and ships with a nuclear energy installation on the radiation situation in the areas of shipyards and health effects in the population of Snezhnogorsk and Polyarnyi was not revealed. However, along the external border of the surveyed shipyards some local parts of the sites of 5500 m2 area were found, where the specific activities of ⁹⁰Sr and ¹³⁷Cs in soil exceeded background levels and bordered by the level of permissible specific activity for unlimited use of solid materials (¹³⁷Cs – 100 Bq/kg).

Key words: nuclear submarines, decommissioning, dismantlement, radiation survey, floating technical base Lepse, Kola Peninsula, strontium-90, cesium-137

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For citation: Shandala NK, Isaev DV, Titov AV, Shlygin VV, Belskikh YS, Starinskiy VG, Starinskaya RA, Zueva MV, Ilyin LA, Lyaginskaya AM. Radiation Survey in the Vicinity of the Shipyards Involved in Decommissioning and Dismantlement of Nuclear Ships. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2019;64(5):9-14. (in Russian).

DOI: 10.12737/1024-6177-2019-64-5-9-14

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