Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2019. Vol. 64. No. 4. P. 25–31

DOI: 10.12737/article_5d1102809c5ac3.32613968

V.K. Kuznetsov, N.I. Sanzharova, A.V. Panov, N.N. Isamov

Radioecological Monitoring of Agroecosystems in the NPP Vicinity:
Methodology and Results of Investigations

Russian Institute of Radiology and Agroecology, Obninsk, Russia. E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

V.K. Kuznetsov – Leading Researcher, Dr. Sci. Biol.;
N.I. Sanzharova – Director, Dr. Sci. Biol., Prof., Corr. Member RAS;
A.V. Panov – Deputy Director, Dr. Sci. Biol., Prof. RAS;
N.N. Isamov – Leading Researcher, PhD Biol.

Abstract

Purpose: Justification of the necessity to establish and maintain a system of radioecological monitoring of agricultural ecosystems in the vicinity of nuclear power plants at all stages of the life cycle of a radiation-hazardous facility.

Material and methods: The paper presents methodological approaches (sanitary-hygienic and environmental) to radioecological monitoring of agricultural ecosystems in the region of the NPP location. The tasks of the radioecological monitoring of agricultural ecosystems are defined, and its organisation and management stages are highlighted. The article displays the features of the development of programs and regulations of radioecological monitoring of agricultural ecosystems. The main objects of radioecological monitoring, parameters to be monitored, and also the frequency of monitoring observations are determined. The principles of locating the control points on the monitoring network are substantiated.

Results: The results of radioecological monitoring of agricultural ecosystems in the impact zones of the Kursk and Rostov NPPs are presented. The approaches to the creation of a monitoring network, taking into account the peculiarities of the regions of the NPPs’ location (landscape, soil, economic), are demonstrated. It is shown that the contamination density of agricultural lands by ⁹⁰Sr varies in the range of 0.47–1.74 kBq/m2, and by ¹³⁷Cs – 2.7–9.7 kBq/m2 for Kursk NPP and, for Rostov NPP it is 0.36–2.57 kBq/m2 by ⁹⁰Sr and 2.25–4.55 kBq/m2 by ¹³⁷Cs. Over the entire period of monitoring observations, none of the samples of agricultural products appeared to have an excess of sanitary and hygienic standards for the content of radionuclides. Due to the consumption of food produced in 30-km observation zones, about 63 Bq/a of ⁹⁰Sr and 195 Bq/a of ¹³⁷Cs in the Kursk NPP observation zone and, respectively, 133 and 184 Bq/a in the vicinity of Rostov NPP enter the diet of the local population, which is almost 400 times for ¹³⁷Cs and 10–20 times for ⁹⁰Sr below the annual ingestion limits respectively. Differences in the accumulation of radionuclides for the same crop in different years of observation come up to 1.5 times, due to the influence of soil and weather conditions, as well as different doses of ameliorants application.

Conclusion: The results of the radioecological monitoring of agricultural ecosystems confirm that the operation of the Kursk and Rostov NPPs in normal mode does not lead to a deterioration of the radiation situation in the regions where they are located. Radiation doses on the local population do not exceed the established standard values. The system of radioecological monitoring of agricultural ecosystems should be an integral component in the general system of radiation safety in the vicinities of NPPs and other radiation-hazardous facilities.

Key words: Nuclear Power Plants, agroecosystems, radionuclides, radioecological monitoring, foodstuffs, exposure doses of population

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For citation: Kuznetsov VK, Sanzharova NI, Panov AV, Isamov NN. Radioecological Monitoring of Agroecosystems in the NPP Vicinity: Methodology and Results of Investigations. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2019;64(4):25–31. (Russian).

DOI: 10.12737/article_5d1102809c5ac3.32613968

PDF (RUS) Full-text article (in Russian)

Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2019. Vol. 64. No. 4. P. 41–47

DOI: 10.12737/article_5d1108af5d48d3.68800561

A.V. Boyko¹, E.A. Dunaeva¹, L.V. Demidova¹, B.Yа. Alekseev², A.V. Leont’ev¹,
O.B. Dubovetskaya¹, L.G. Serova¹

Radiotherapy for Patients with Hydronephrosis–Induced Cervical Cancer

1. P.A. Hersen Moscow Oncology Research Center, Moscow, Russia. E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. ;
2. N.A. Lopatkin Research Institute of Urology and Interventional Radiology, Moscow, Russia

A.V. Boyko – Head of Dep., Prof., Dr. Sci. Med., ESTRO Member;
E.A. Dunaeva – Senior Researcher, PhD Med.;
L.V. Demidova – Leading Researcher, Dr. Sci. Med.;
B.Yа. Alekseev – Deputy Director, Dr. Sci. Med., Prof., EAU Member, SIU Member;
A.V. Leont’ev – Head of Dep., PhD Med., EANM Member;
O.B. Dubovetskaya – Research Worker, PhD Med.;
L.G. Serova – Oncologist, PhD Med.

Abstract

Purpose: To justify the expansion of indications for radiation or chemoradiation therapy in patients with primary or recurrent cervical cancer complicated by hydronephrosis by eliminating obstruction of the ureters.

Material and methods: The study included 24 patients who received radiation or chemoradiotherapy from 2012 to 2018. 17 patients among them had primary cervical cancer and the other 7 had a relapse of cervical cancer in small pelvis. In accordance with FIGO and TNM classification (2009), stage IIIB was diagnosed (сT_3bN_0–1M₀) in 16 patients and stage IVB (cT_3bN₁M₁, metastasis in para-aortic lymph nodes) in 1 patient. Prior to the start of special treatment, in all patients was detected one- or two-sided hydronephrosis associated with a neoplastic process and accompanied by varying degrees of impaired parenchymal-excretory function of one of the kidneys.

Results: 11 patients had unilateral stenting, 3 patients had bilateral ureteral stenting, nephrostomy was performed in 9 patients and 1 woman had an ureteral stent installed on one side, nephrostomy was performed on the other side. In 70.8 % (17) patients, the irradiation course was performed without interruption. From 5 to 3 weeks (due to cystitis, endometritis, anemia). In 2 patients, it was not possible to complete the full course of radiotherapy because of the intractable effects of pyelonephritis, they were operated on. In the observation period up to 77 months (average observation time 29 months) 16 patients are alive, 12 of them are without signs of disease recurrence. In 6 patients, the natural passage of urine was restored. In 4 patients, the nephrostomy was replaced with a ureteral stent. In 3 patients with ureteral stents they are replaced. Three patients remain with nephrostomy. Eight women died from the progression of the underlying disease, of these, 6 patients are with recurrent cervical cancer in the pelvis. Note that in all 6 patients, as a result of the irradiation, a pronounced palliative effect was achieved in the form of relief of pain and bleeding.

Conclusion: Performing adequate drainage of the ureter(s) allows to expand the indications for radiotherapy or chemoradiation therapy under the radical program in patients with primary or recurrent cervical cancer.

Key words: radiotherapy, cervical cancer, locally advanced and recurrent, hydronephrosis, urine diversion

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For citation: Boyko AV, Dunaeva EA, Demidova LV, Alekseev BYа, Leont’ev AV, Dubovetskaya OB, Serova LG. Radiotherapy for Patients with Hydronephrosis-Induced Cervical Cancer. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2019;64(4):41–47. (Russian).

DOI: 10.12737/article_5d1108af5d48d3.68800561

PDF (RUS) Full-text article (in Russian)

Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2019. Vol. 64. No. 4. P. 32–40

DOI: 10.12737/article_5d1103efefe893.65968050

M.V. Khalyuzova¹, М.M. Tsyganov², D.S. Isubakova^1,2, E.V. Bronikovskaya¹, T.V. Usova¹, N.V. Litviakov^1,2,4, A.B. Karpov^1,3, L.R. Takhauova³, R.M. Takhauov^1,3

Genome Wide Association Study of an Association between Gene Polymorphisms and the Increased Frequency of Cytogenetic Abnormalities in the Persons Exposed to Long-Term Irradiation

1. Seversk Biophysical Research Center, Seversk, Russia;
2. Tomsk Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk, Russia;
3. Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia;
4. National Research Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia. E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

M.V. Khalyuzova – Researcher;
M.M. Tsyganov – Research Worker, PhD Biol.;
D.S. Isubakova – Junior Researcher;
E.V. Bronikovskaya – Junior Researcher;
T.V. Usova – Junior Researcher;
N.V. Litviakov – Head of Lab., Dr. Sci. Biol.;
A.B. Karpov – Head of Dep., Dr. Sci. Med., Prof.;
L.R. Takhauova – Student;
R.M. Takhauov – Director, Dr. Sci. Med., Prof.

Abstract

Purpose: To conduct genome wide association study of the association of 750,000 SNPs and an increased frequency of different types of chromosomal aberrations, induced by chronic irradiation in the dose range of 100–300 mSv.

Material and methods: The study was conducted among Siberian Group of Chemical Enterprises healthy employees (n = 37) exposed to professional external γ-radiation in a dose range of 100–300 mSv. The de novo induced CNVs were previously detected in these persons. Mean dose – 188.8 ± 8.3 mSv, median – 185 mSv, interquartile range – 147.8–218.7 mSv, min – 103.4 mSv, max – 295.8 mSv. Genotyping of DNA samples from 37 employees was carried out by microarray CytoScan™ HD Array (Affymetrix, USA), containing 750,000 SNP-markers of 36,000 genes. The standard cytogenetic analysis was performed in the entire examined group.

Results: We analyzed the association of these SNPs with the frequencies of aberrant cells and following chromosomal aberrations: single chromatid fragments, chromatid exchanges, paired fragments, dicentrics, rings, and translocations. We have found that 8 SNPs (rs10779468, rs158735, rs158710, rs158712, rs11131536, rs528170, rs9533572, rs10512439) are associated with the frequency of aberrant cells.

Conclusion: We have discovered polymorphic variants that are associated with an increased frequency of aberrant cells in workers of Siberian Group of Chemical Enterprises exposed to irradiation at a dose of 100–300 mSv. This polymorphic variants can be considered as potential markers of individual radiosensitivity. To confirm identified associations, further validation studies on an extended sample of people exposed to radiation are needed.

Key words: individual radiosensitivity, external γ-radiation, long-term radiation exposure, chromosomal aberrations, single nucleotide polymorphism

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For citation: Khalyuzova MV, Tsyganov МM, Isubakova DS, Bronikovskaya EV, Usova TV, Litviakov NV, Karpov AB, Takhauova LR, Takhauov RM. Genome Wide Association Study of an Association between Gene Polymorphisms and the Increased Frequency of Cytogenetic Abnormalities in the Persons Exposed to Long-Term Irradiation. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2019;64(4):32–40. (Russian).

DOI: 10.12737/article_5d1103efefe893.65968050

PDF (RUS) Full-text article (in Russian)

Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2019. Vol. 64. No. 4. P. 48–55

DOI: 10.12737/article_5d110f04375033.57581297

B.Ya. Narkevich^1,2, S.V. Shiryaev², I.V. Lagutina^1,2, Yu.V. Buydenok², T.K. Kharatishvili², N.S. Petrochenko²

Leakage Radiometric Control of Chemical Drugs with Regional Perfusion of Surgical Isolated Limbs

1. Association of Medical Physicists of Russia, Moscow, Russia. E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. ;
2. N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, Russia

B.Ya. Narkevich – President of the AMPR, Leading Researcher, Dr. Sci. Tech., Prof., Academician of International Academy of Engineering;
S.V. Shiryaev – Head of Lab., Dr. Sci. Med., Prof., Member of the European Association of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Member of the American College of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Member of the Society of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging;
I.V. Lagutina – Medical Physicist;
Yu.V. Buydenok – Perfusiologist, Leading Researcher, Dr. Sci. Med.;
T.K. Kharatishvili – Surgeon, Leading Researcher, Dr. Sci. Med., Prof.;
N.S. Petrochenko – Surgeon, PhD Med.

Abstract

Purpose: Modernization and evaluation of the clinical effectiveness of the technology of continuous radiometric monitoring carried out during high-dose chemotherapy of a surgically isolated limb with tumor foci.

Material and methods: A modernized radiometric control technology for regional limb perfusion is proposed. It is based on in vivo labeling of erythrocytes with ^99mTc eluate followed by continuous monitoring of the activity of labeled erythrocytes as a simulator of a chemotherapy drug over the heart region. Its distinctive features are intravenous injection of a pyrfotech slice after giving inhalation anesthesia to ensure a sufficient level of red blood cell chelation, as well as using ^99mTc activity less than its minimum significant level, which allows working with an open source of ionizing radiation without violating the requirements of radiation safety regulations.

Results: The developed technology was successfully used with 106 regional perfusion of the upper and lower extremities in patients with melanoma or sarcoma of soft tissues. In 4 cases, according to the results of radiometric control, the intervention of the surgical team was required to reduce the chemical preparation leakage that was occurring.

Conclusion: The technology upgraded by us is characterized by ease of implementation, the ability to take timely measures to prevent or reduce the leakage of a chemotherapy drug from an isolated limb according to the results of continuous in vivo radiometric monitoring of ^99mTc-labeled red blood cells over the heart, as well as low radiation load on the patient and staff.

Key words: high-dose chemotherapy, surgically isolated limb, regional perfusion, chemotherapy leaks, radiometric monitoring

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For citation: Narkevich BYa, Shiryaev SV, Lagutina IV, Buydenok YuV, Kharatishvili TK, Petrochenko NS. Leakage Radiometric Control of Chemical Drugs with Regional Perfusion of Surgical Isolated Limbs. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2019;64(4):48–55. (Russian).

DOI: 10.12737/article_5d110f04375033.57581297

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