SCIENTIFIC AND INFORMATION-ANALYTICAL MAGAZINE

ISSN 1024-6177 (Print), ISSN 2618-9615 (Online)

JOURNAL DESCRIPTION

The Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety journal ISSN 1024-6177 was founded in January 1956 (before December 30, 1993 it was entitled Medical Radiology, ISSN 0025-8334). In 2018, the journal received Online ISSN: 2618-9615 and was registered as an electronic online publication in Roskomnadzor on March 29, 2018. It publishes original research articles which cover questions of radiobiology, radiation medicine, radiation safety, radiation therapy, nuclear medicine and scientific reviews. In general the journal has more than 30 headings and it is of interest for specialists working in thefields of medicine¸ radiation biology, epidemiology, medical physics and technology. Since July 01, 2008 the journal has been published by State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency. The founder from 1956 to the present time is the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, and from 2008 to the present time is the Federal Medical Biological Agency.

Members of the editorial board are scientists specializing in the field of radiation biology and medicine, radiation protection, radiation epidemiology, radiation oncology, radiation diagnostics and therapy, nuclear medicine and medical physics. The editorial board consists of academicians (members of the Russian Academy of Science (RAS)), the full member of Academy of Medical Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, corresponding members of the RAS, Doctors of Medicine, professor, candidates and doctors of biological, physical mathematics and engineering sciences. The editorial board is constantly replenished by experts who work in the CIS and foreign countries.

Six issues of the journal are published per year, the volume is 13.5 conventional printed sheets, 88 printer’s sheets, 1.000 copies. The journal has an identical full-text electronic version, which, simultaneously with the printed version and color drawings, is posted on the sites of the Scientific Electronic Library (SEL) and the journal's website. The journal is distributed through the Rospechat Agency under the contract № 7407 of June 16, 2006, through individual buyers and commercial structures. The publication of articles is free.

The journal is included in the List of Russian Reviewed Scientific Journals of the Higher Attestation Commission. Since 2008 the journal has been available on the Internet and indexed in the RISC database which is placed on Web of Science. Since February 2nd, 2018, the journal "Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety" has been indexed in the SCOPUS abstract and citation database.

Brief electronic versions of the Journal have been publicly available since 2005 on the website of the Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety Journal: http://www.medradiol.ru. Since 2011, all issues of the journal as a whole are publicly available, and since 2016 - full-text versions of scientific articles. Since 2005, subscribers can purchase full versions of other articles of any issue only through the National Electronic Library. The editor of the Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety Journal in accordance with the National Electronic Library agreement has been providing the Library with all its production since 2005 until now.

The main working language of the journal is Russian, an additional language is English, which is used to write titles of articles, information about authors, annotations, key words, a list of literature.

Since 2017 the journal Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety has switched to digital identification of publications, assigning to each article the identifier of the digital object (DOI), which greatly accelerated the search for the location of the article on the Internet. In future it is planned to publish the English-language version of the journal Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety for its development. In order to obtain information about the publication activity of the journal in March 2015, a counter of readers' references to the materials posted on the site from 2005 to the present which is placed on the journal's website. During 2015 - 2016 years on average there were no more than 100-170 handlings per day. Publication of a number of articles, as well as electronic versions of profile monographs and collections in the public domain, dramatically increased the number of handlings to the journal's website to 500 - 800 per day, and the total number of visits to the site at the end of 2017 was more than 230.000.

The two-year impact factor of RISC, according to data for 2017, was 0.439, taking into account citation from all sources - 0.570, and the five-year impact factor of RISC - 0.352.

Issues journals

Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2020. Vol. 65. No. 3. P. 5–12

I.V. Ivanov1,2, I.B. Ushakov3

Basic Approaches to the Extrapolation of Data of Animals to Human in Radiobiological Experiment

1 I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
2 State Scientific Research Institute of the Military Medicine, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
3 A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Moscow, Russia

Abstract

Purpose: Substantiate the main directions of transferring experimental data from laboratory animals to humans.

Methods: The general patterns of the structure of the organism of animals and humans and the dynamics of the processes of their vital activity, including under the influence of various environmental factors, as well as the tendency of their approximation in the evolutionary series from lower mammals to humans are considered.

Results: The choice of criteria and methods for assessing the state of the human body and comparison with those in animals in simulated situations is systematized according to 3 main levels – physiological-biochemical, neuropsychological and social. Parameters of physiological reactions, clinical laboratory and biochemical parameters are assigned to level 1, parameters characterizing the functions of higher nervous activity, neurodynamic reactions, targeted actions and psychological manifestations to level 2, characteristics of interpersonal interactions to level 3. The types, tasks and methods of research that are carried out on small rodent animals (screening) and on larger animals from other mammalian orders that are closer in terms of evolutionary development and other parameters to humans (in-depth) are considered.

Conclusion: It is shown that when comparing the results of studies obtained in animal experiments and in human observations, it is important to use coefficients for the quantitative transfer of data from animals to humans, which require careful substantiation taking into account the interspecific characteristics of mammals and humans.

Key words: radiobiology, biomedical experiment, laboratory animals, extrapolation coefficients, parameters of physiological reactions, clinical and laboratory indicators, higher nervous activity, neurodynamic reactions, interpersonal interactions

For citation: Ivanov IV, Ushakov IB. Basic Approaches to the Extrapolation of Data of Animals to Human in Radiobiological Experiment. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2020;65(3):5-12. (In Russ.).

DOI: 10.12737/1024-6177-2020-65-3-5-12

References

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PDF (RUS) Full-text article (in Russian)

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Financing. The study had no sponsorship.

Contribution. Article was prepared with equal participation of the authors.

Article received: 11.09.2019.

Accepted for publication: 24.06.2020.

Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2020. Vol. 65. No. 3. P. 13–19

A.A. Arakelyan, M.V. Vedernikova, E.A. Gavrilina, K.A. Pechkurova

Assessment of the Contribution of Research Institute of Atomic Reactors in Technogenic Risks Formation for the Population of the City Dimitrovgrad

Nuclear Safety Institute, Moscow, Russia, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Abstract

Purpose: The assess the contribution of modern activity of Research Institute of Atomic Reactors (JSC «SSC RIAR») in the formation of man-made risks for the population of Dimitrovgrad, Ulyanovsk region.

Material and methods: The results of monitoring of the state of the environment, meteorological features of the area of JSC «SSC RIAR» location, data on the radiation and sanitary-epidemiological situation in Dimitrovgrad were studied and analyzed. The materials of the state reports, annual reports and analytical references of the Rospotrebnadzor, the Volga UGMS, Ulyanovskstat, the Ministry of Ecology and Nature Management of the Ulyanovsk Region and the Interregional Department № 172 of the FMBA of Russia, as well as the results of industrial and environmental monitoring provided directly by JSC “SSC RIAR” were used as the sources of the initial data.
The work was carried out dispersion modeling of current annual gas and aerosol emissions to estimate the contribution of JSC «RIAR» in the formation of ambient city air pollution. The calculation of risks was carried out in accordance with the UNSCEAR methodology for the assessment of radiation risk and the Guidelines for the assessment of the effects of toxic and carcinogenic chemicals approved by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation.
Results: The average annual dose rate for the population of Dimitrovgrad caused by current emissions of JSC «SSC RIAR» according to the results of conservative calculations is 0.9 µSv/year. The value of radiation risk for the population of the residential zone is at the level of 2.9∙10–8, while for the entire territory of Dimitrovgrad it is 5.4∙10–8. The resulting value of the radiation risk to the health of people living in a residential area of the city is more than 30 times lower than the level of acceptable risk (1∙10–6).
The total value of chemical risk from all sources of air pollution in Dimitrovgrad is 1.3∙10–3. This risk level is in the range of unacceptable risk neither for the population nor for professional groups. Assessment of a carcinogenic risk from pollutants suggests the occurrence of malignant neoplasms as a negative effect. The total value of carcinogenic risk is 1.3∙10–4, which slightly exceeds the upper limit of the acceptable risk level for the population.

Conclusion: The contribution of anthropogenic radiation factor to the overall risk structure is less than 0.003 %. The role of JSC “SSC RIAR” in the air pollution of the residential zone of the city is negligible and does not create toxic risks for the population of Dimitrovgrad. Thus the current activity of JSC “SSC RIAR” leads to negligible values of carcinogenic risks for the population of the area of the nuclear facility location.

Key words: JSC «SSC RIAR», radiation safety, radiation risk, chemical risk, the state of the environment

For citation: Arakelyan AA, Vedernikova MV, Gavrilina EA, Pechkurova KA. Assessment of the Contribution of Research Institute of Atomic Reactors in Technogenic Risks Formation for the Population of the City Dimitrovgrad. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2020;65(3):13-9. (In Russ.).

DOI: 10.12737/1024-6177-2020-65-3-13-19

Список литературы / References

  1. Онищенко Г.Г. и др. Основы оценки риска для здоровья населения при воздействии химических веществ, загрязняющих окружающую среду. М.: НИИ ЭЧ и ГОС. 2002. 408 с. [Onishchenko GG, et al. Principles of Risk Assessment for Health of the Population with Exposure to Chemical Substances, Polluting the Environment. Moscow. 2002. 408 p. (In Russ.)].
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  5. Богатов С.А., Киселев А.А., Шведов А.М. Методические подходы для оценок радиационной обстановки, ожи­дае­мого облучения и эффективности контрмер при кратковременных выбросах радиоактивных веществ в атмосферу в модели «ПРОЛОГ» (ч. 1). Препринт ИБРАЭ № IBRAE-2011-02. 2011. 40 c. [Bogatov SA, Kiselev AA, Shvedov AM. Methodological approaches for the assessment of the radiation situation, the expected exposure and the effectiveness of the countermeasures at short-term release of radioactive substances into the atmosphere in the model «PROLOG» (P. 1). Preprint № IBRAE-2011-02. 2011. 40 p. (In Russ.)].
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PDF (RUS) Полная версия статьи

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Financing. The study had no sponsorship.

Contribution. Article was prepared with equal participation of the authors.

Article received: 11.09.2019.

Accepted for publication: 24.06.2020.

Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2020. Vol. 65. No. 3. P. 27–30

B.E. Serebryakov

About of the Necessary of Corrections of the NRB-99/2009 and OSPORB-99/2010

A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Moscow, Russia, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Abstract

Purpose: The Basic Sanitary Rules (OSPORB-99/2010) and the Standards of Radiation Safety (NRB-99/2009) contain requirements on the treatment of radionuclide contaminated materials and waste, but non-radioactive substances and radioactive waste. The aim of this work is to develop recommendations for adjustment of OSPORB-99/2010 and NRB-99/2009 for radiation safety of current and future generations of people.

Results: Identified and justified by the shortcomings of NRB-99/2009 and OSPORB-99/2010 governing the treatment of materials and waste contaminated by radionuclides, but non-radioactive substances and radioactive waste, which can lead to overexposure of present and future generations of people. Developed and justified proposals for adjustments to NRB-99/2009 and OSPORB-99/2010.

Conclusions: It was proposed adjustment of NRB-99/2009 and OSPORB-99-2010:

  • in NRB-99/2009 it was proposed to delete from paragraph 5.3.4 the provisions regulating the use of materials for road construction;
  • in OSPORB-99/2010 the return to OSPORB-99 on establishment of the lower border of wastes and materials of limited use on total alpha and beta-activity is offered.

Key words: радиоактивные загрязнения, отходы, материалы, удельная активность, облучение населения

For citation: Serebryakov BE. About of the Necessary of Corrections of the NRB-99/2009 and OSPORB-99/2010. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2020;65(3):27-30. (In Russ.).

DOI: 10.12737/1024-6177-2020-65-3-27-30

Список литературы / References

1. СП 2.6.1.2612-10. Основные санитарные правила обеспечения радиационной безопасности (ОСПОРБ-99/2010). [SP 2.6.1.2612-10 Basic Sanitary Rules for Radiation Safety (OSPORB-99/2010). (In Russ.)].
2. СП 2.6.6.2572-2010. «Обеспечение радиационной безопасности при обращении с промышленными отходами атомных станций, содержащими техногенные радионуклиды». [SP 2.6.6.2572-2010. Radiation Safety in Management of Industrial Wastes of Nuclear Stations, Containing Man-made Radionuclides». (In Russ.)].
3. Федеральный закон от 11 июля 2011 г. № 190-ФЗ «Об обращении с радиоактивными отходами и о внесении изменений в отдельные законодательные акты Российской Федерации». [Federal Law of July 11, 2011 No. 190-FZ «On Management of Radioactive Wastes and Amending of Particular Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation» (In Russ.)].
4. Постановление Правительства РФ от 19.10.2012 № 1069 «О критериях отнесения твердых, жидких и газообразных отходов к радиоактивным отходам, критериях отнесения радиоактивных отходов к особым радиоактивным отходам и к удаляемым радиоактивным отходам и критериях классификации удаляемых радиоактивных отходов». [Order of the Government of the Russian Federation of 19.10.2012 № 1069 “About Criteria of Reference of Solid, Liquid and Gaseous Wastes to Radioactive Waste, Criteria of Reference of Radioactive Waste to Special Radioactive Waste and to the Removed Radioactive Waste and Criteria of Classification of the Removed Radioactive Waste”. (In Russ.)].
5.  СанПиН 2.6.1.2523-09. Нормы радиационной безопасности НРБ–99/2009. [SanPiN 2.6.1.2523-09. Radiation Safety Standards (NRB-99/2009). (In Russ.)].
6.  Серия норм по безопасности, № RS-G-1.7. Применение концепции исключения, изъятия и освобождение от контроля. МАГАТЭ, Вена, 2006. [Safety series, no. RS-G-1.7. Application of the concept of exclusion, exclusion and exemption from control. IAEA, Vienna, 2006. (In Russ.)].
7.  Derivation of activity concentration values for exclusion, exemption and clearance. IAEA, Vienna, 2005.
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12.            СП 2.6.1.799-99. Основные санитарные правила обеспечения радиационной безопасности (ОСПОРБ-99). [SP 2.6.1.799-99. Basic Sanitary Rules for Radiation Safety (OSPORB-99). (In Russ.)].

PDF (RUS) Full-text article (in Russian)

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Financing. The study had no sponsorship.

Contribution. Article was prepared with equal participation of the authors.

Article received: 05.02.2018.

Accepted for publication: 24.06.2020.

Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2020. Vol. 65. No. 3. P. 20–26

M.I. Grachev, Yu.A. Salenko, Yu.V. Abramov, G.P. Frolov, V.N. Klochkov, B.A. Kukhta, I.K. Tesnov

Operational Values of Radioactive Skin Contamination in the Case of Radiological Accident

A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Moscow, Russia , This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Abstract

Purpose: Development of recommendations on the use in medical practice of institutions under FMBA of Russia of operational values of radioactive skin contamination in the event of radiological accidents.
Material and methods: The easily measured radiation parameters were used as operational values: ambient dose equivalent rate (ADER) of γ-radiation, density of skin contamination with γ-, β- and α-emitting radionuclides. Operational values ​​of skin contamination were estimated on the basis of experimental data described in the literature and models on the kinetics of radioactive substances transport in the body, accepted values ​​of dose criteria for deterministic and stochastic effects. The estimation of radioactive material resorption through the skin was based on the results of experimental studies in laboratory animals (mainly piglets) for a limited set of chemical compounds of radionuclides.

Results: The values of γ-ADER of the main dose-forming radionuclides measured at a distance of 10 cm from the skin surface in the range of 10–1000 μSv/h and the possible health effects due to the skin exposure and the intake of radioactive substances into the body were presented. In the IAEA recommendations, the level of skin contamination at 1 µSv/h is considered as a significant operational value according to the criterion of radioactive substances intake through the mouth from the contaminated surface of the hands. However, in our opinion, this estimate is excessively conservative; therefore it is not included in the recommended operational values. If the skin is contaminated with γ-β-emitting radionuclide solutions at a surface contamination higher than 106 Bq/cm2 (ADER ≥1000 µSv/h), the out of turn emergency decontamination should be carried out. Obligatory indications for the whole body counter examination after thorough decontamination and conducting biophysical analysis of bioassay are the following operational values: γ-ADER from the skin > 10 µSv/h; surface contamination of intact skin with β-active radionuclides > 20 000 β-part./(cm2·min); surface contamination of intact skin with α-active radionuclides > 200 α-part./ (cm2·min).

Conclusion: The recommended operational values allow preliminarily and promptly to assess the health risk not only in the case of external (contact) exposure of the skin and underlying tissues, but also due to the intake of soluble radioactive substances into the body through intact and damaged (injured) skin. Taking into account the high degree of uncertainty of the estimates obtained, the operational values ​​should be considered as strictly conservative. They should be used only to determinate of urgency of decontamination carrying out for the provision of medical care during the prehospital and early hospital periods with the obligatory follow-up dosimetry examination for the final assessment of absorbed dose.

Key words: radiological accident, radiological terrorism, radioactive skin contamination, operational values, decontamination, medical assistance

For citation: Grachev MI, Salenko YuA, Abramov YuV, Frolov GP, Klochkov VN, Kukhta BA, Tesnov IK. Operational Values of Radioactive Skin Contamination in the Case of Radiological Accident. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2020;65(3):20-6. (In Russ.).

DOI: 10.12737/1024-6177-2020-65-3-20-26

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PDF (RUS) Full-text article (in Russian)

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Financing. The study had no sponsorship.

Contribution. Article was prepared with equal participation of the authors.

Article received: 17.09.2019.

Accepted for publication: 24.06.2020.

Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2020. Vol. 65. No. 3. P. 31–39

A.M. Lyaginskaya, N.K. Shandala, S.M. Kiselev, A.P. Ermalitsky, D.V. Isaev, V.V. Kuptsov

Examination of the Health Status of the Population in the Vicinity of the Nerpa Shipyard Involved in the Decommission and Dismantlement of the Nuclear Legacy Facility – FTB Lepse

A.I. Burnasyan Medical Biophysical Center, Moscow, Russia, This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Abstract

Purpose: Purpose of this report is to assess the health status of the residents of the town of Snezhnogorsk, located in the impact area of the shipyard (SRZ Nerpa) involved in the decommission and dismantlement of the floating technical base Lepse (PTB Lepse).

Material and method: The following parameters were assessed as public health indicators: total primary and chronic primary morbidity of adult and children population, child disability, reproductive health in terms of the status of pregnant women and newborns, general and child mortality. Annual external radiation background values were evaluated along with contents in soil and water of manmade radionuclides, such as 137Cs and 90Sr, and natural ones, such as 226Ra, 223Th, 40K and 235U.

Results: The health of the population of the town of Snezhnogorsk, being measured by incidence indicators and reproductive health, is lower than that in the country as a whole: the adult morbidity (667.7 ± 4.2 and 454.2 ± 19.8 per 1000 residents respectively) and child morbidity (3336.2 and 2052.3 ± 194.4 per 1000 residents respectively) is higher; the frequency of adverse pregnancy outcomes (stillbirth, early neonatal fetal death, spontaneous abortions) is also higher – 86.2 ± 18.4 and 46.6 per 1000 residents respectively.

Conclusion: The main causes of the negative impact on the health of the population of the town of Snezhnogorsk are climatic and geographical conditions of the Kola Arctic and the presence of medium-light iodine deficiency (goiter endemia).

Key words: population, Snezhnogorsk, NWC SevRAO, public and occupational doses, morbidity, reproductive health, mortality

For citation: Lyaginskaya AM, Shandala NK, Kiselev SM, Ermalitsky AP, Isaev DV, Kuptsov VV. Examination of the Health Status of the Population in the Vicinity of the Nerpa Shipyard Involved in the Decommission and Dismantlement of the Nuclear Legacy Facility – FTB Lepse. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2020;65(3):31-9. (In Russ.).

DOI: 10.12737/1024-6177-2020-65-3-31-39

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PDF (RUS) Full-text article (in Russian)

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Financing. The study had no sponsorship.

Contribution. Article was prepared with equal participation of the authors.

Article received: 25.04.2019.

Accepted for publication: 24.06.2020.

  1. 40-44_Guryev_et_al_eng
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