Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2018. Vol. 63. No. 2. P. 33-40

RADIATION EPIDEMIOLOGY

DOI: 10.12737/article_5ac61ede369432.74296396

Risk Assessment and Dose Thresholds at the Plutonium Pnevmosclerosis

S.V. Osovets, T.V. Azizova, E.S. Grigoryeva

Southern Urals Biophysics Institute, Ozyorsk, Chelyabinsk region, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

S.V. Osovets - Senior Researcher, PhD Tech., T.V. Azizova - Deputy Director, Head of Dep., PhD Med., ICRP Committee Member; E.S. Grigoryeva - Researcher

Abstract

Purpose: To assess risks curves, dose thresholds, and their uncertainties for plutonium-induced pneumosclerosis (PPS) among Mayak PA workers based on developed methods of mathematical modeling.

Material and methods: PPS risk modeling with further calculation of dose thresholds and their uncertainties was performed using a comparative analysis of estimates of individual absorbed lung doses from incorporated plutonium-239 provided by two Mayak Worker Dosimetry Systems: MWDS-2008 and MWDS-2013. To carry out the calculations, four groups of workers were formed: workers with PPS induced only by plutonium (pure PPS; n = 107); workers with PPS induced by both plutonium and other factors (mixed PPS; n = 46); workers with undefined PPS (n = 153); control workers (comparison group; n = 188). Weibull’s dose distribution model was applied to assess risk curves. Dose distribution parameters were calculated using the least square technique. Dose thresholds were estimated using two basic methods: quantile threshold method and estimation based on dose distribution functions for each group with PPs and the comparison group. Common uncertainties were calculated using two methods: Monte-Carlo method and error propagation.

Results: Risk curves were plotted based on Weibull’s models for three groups of workers diagnosed with PPS. Modeling results were statistically significant (R² = 0.96 - 0.99) with both dosimetry systems used (MWDS-2008 and MWDS-2013). Median absorbed lung alpha-dose (D₅₀) estimated using Weibull’s model varied significantly with the dosimetry system. E.g., in the group with pure PPS D₅₀= 0.79 Gy when MWDS-2008 was used while the corresponding estimate was D₅₀= 2.05 Gy when MWDS-2013 was used, demonstrating more than a two-fold difference between the estimates. Dose thresholds for PPS occurrence and their standard uncertainties were estimated. With MWDS-2013 used, the dose thresholds were D₀= 0,63 Gy for the lung and D₀= 1.0 Gy for alveolar-interstitial lung tissues, respectively. The mean relative uncertainty of these thresholds was U = 23 %. Quantile dose thresholds were an order of magnitude lower than those above and their standard uncertainty, on the contrary, was 23 % higher: the mean uncertainty of 5 % quantile was U = 60 % while the corresponding value for 1 % quantile was U = 95 %.

Conclusions: For the first time dose thresholds and their uncertainties for the formation of PPS with internal alpha irradiation were estimated. The reported results are of considerable interest both for scientific and practical application in radiation safety and medicine.

Key words: plutonium pneumosclerosis, risk, dose thresholds, Weibull distribution, standard uncertainty, Mayak PA

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For citation: Osovets SV, Azizova TV, Grigoryeva ES. Risk Assessment and Dose Thresholds at the Plutonium Pnevmosclerosis. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2018;63(2):33-40. Russian. DOI: 10.12737/article_5ac61ede369432.74296396

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Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2018. Vol. 63. No. 2. P. 18-24

RADIATION SAFETY

DOI: 10.12737/article_5ac61ad45ede28.13528430

Presentation of Archival Information on the Overcoming the Consequences of Radiation Accidents through Internet-Portal

I.A. Kupriyanova, M.N. Katkova

Research and Production Association “Typhoon”, Obninsk, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

I.A. Kupriyanova - Lead Engineer; M.N. Katkova - Head of Lab., PhD Biol.

Abstract

Purpose: To describe the historical experience of overcoming the consequences of radiation accidents for the environment, and also to enable the remote user independently obtain data on the radiation contamination of areas through the Internet-portal implemented within the Interdepartmental Information System on the issues of radiation safety and radiation problems.

Material and methods: Specialists have collected a large volume of information obtained during expedition inspections of contaminated areas, starting in 1986 - the moment of the radiation accident at the Chernobyl NPP - and ending with 2015 (the year of the 30^th anniversary of the accident), an array of paper official documents of different levels of hierarchy (departmental, interdepartmental, governmental). The Catalog of documents is composed in such a way that at each level one can get acquainted with the list of documents, with the meta-description of documents, with the original scanned source document (by reference given in the meta description).The scientific task of creating an information system, containing archival information, included the development of two groups of criteria for selecting information. All information was firstly analyzed by experts on two criteria: openness (a status that does not currently have restrictions on publication) and historical affiliation. The documents of this group include information from 1986 up to 2012. Then the criteria for assigning information to a particular group were developed.

Results: This work, for the first time, enables the remote user to obtain reliable data on radiation contamination independently. The user can know the years of the first and last inspection of the selected settlement, average density of cesium-137 contamination in the year of interest, as well as information on the number of samples taken in the year of interest. All data on the content of ¹³⁷Cs obtained at different times are recalculated to the indicated single date (as of January 1 of each year), taking into account the correction for the radioactive decay of this radionuclide. In addition, the user can find out in the zone of which pollution category, approved by the Government List, is the locality indicated by the user.

Conclusion: Thus, the approach of presenting information on a specialized Internet-portal allows us to consider it as a tool for analyzing decisions taken. This approach allowed us to see the overall picture of efforts to overcome the consequences of a radiation accident. In the case of large scale radiation accidents and the adoption of many unconventional solutions at all levels of the hierarchy, this experience available to the remote user is crucial importance. The approach to the presentation of archival information on the overcome of the consequences of radiation accidents through Internet-portal showed the urgency of presenting the efforts of management, specialists and various services to overcome the consequences of such accidents with the help of a systematic array of historical documents. The users’ appeals to the Internet-portal through page of Rosgydromet are recorded in the Journal of events. It tells about the expediency of this work. Address of electronic archive is following: http://rb.mchs.gov.ru/rosgidromet/Archive. The link of reference services is following: http://rb.mchs.gov.ru/rosgidromet/rg_spravochnie_uslugi.

Key words: radiation accidents, contamination by radionuclides, environment, Internet-presentation of the information, electronic archive, basic knowledge, overcoming the consequences, information analysis tool

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For citation: Kupriyanova IA, Katkova MN. View Archival Presentation of Archival Information on the Overcoming the Consequences of Radiation Accidents through Internet-Portal. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2018;63(2):18-24. Russian. DOI: 10.12737/article_5ac61ad45ede28.13528430

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Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2018. Vol. 63. No. 2. P. 25-32

RADIATION MEDICINE

DOI: 10.12737/article_5ac61d88969a97.33709654

Mathematical Model and Software for Prognosis the of Probability of the Lethal Outcome of Oncosurgical Patients Exposed to Radiation Exposure in the Conditions of Production

Yu.D. Udalov¹, I.V. Vasilyeva¹, A.V. Gordienko², S.A. Bakharev¹

1. A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Moscow, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. ; 2. S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy, Saint-Petersburg, Russia

Yu.D. Udalov - PhD Med., Deputy Director General; I.V. Vasilyeva - PhD Med., Medical Statistician; A.V. Gordienko - Dr. Sc. Med., Prof., Head of Dep.; S.A. Bakharev - Physician, Anesthesiologist

Abstract

Purpose: Identification of risk factors that influence the outcome of the patient, their ranking on the contribution to the outcome of treatment, as well as determining the possibility of their additional diagnostic evaluation and correction in the deviation at the preoperative preparation stage with the subsequent construction of a prognostic model.

Material and methods: The study included patients who received treatment in the surgical department in A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center from January 2009 to July 2017, including workers of nuclear facilities that are exposed to ionizing radiation in professional conditions. The study was conducted in 112 patients, 42 of whom (37.5 %) were men and 70 (62.5 %) women aged 25 to 85 years (59.6 ± 13.2). Among the persons included in the study, 25 men and 26 women were exposed to long-term exposure to ionizing radiation from external sources under production conditions during labor activity within the limits of annual maximum permissible doses, averaged 124.6 ± 10.7 mSv. The work experience under conditions of exposure to ionizing radiation ranged from 5 to 35 years, an average of 24 years. The mean age was 59.1 ± 13.4 years. At the end of hospitalization after surgical treatment, 51 patients were discharged (45.5 %), and 61 (54.5 %) died. In all patients, the parameters of the functioning of various organs and systems were collected, including taking into account the anamnestic data of oncological patients, with differentiation in the final outcome of surgical treatment. To determine the leading risk factors for the lethal outcome of the oncosurgical patient, the Fisher criterion χ² was used. Based on the leading risk factors for constructing mathematical models, the logistic regression equation was used. The mathematical models were analyzed by researching the area under the ROC curves.

Results: Using the Fisher criterion χ², factors were determined by which the groups of survivors and died patients differ: patient age, body mass index, history of heart rhythm disorders, fraction of cardiac output, Hb level in the blood, presence of protein in urine, INR indicator in coagulograms. Based on the identified factors, twelve mathematical models were constructed using the binary logistic regression method, allowing patients to be divided into groups with the outcomes of hospitalization died / survived after surgery. A mathematical model with the best discriminating ability was chosen. Based on the prognostic model, a decision rule was designed that allows to rank patients into three groups: green (patients with a minimal risk of death), yellow (patients who need preoperative correction), red (patients with the maximum risk of death, decision about surgery is necessary to be solved on a consultation).

Key words: prognostic score, prognosis of lethal outcome of oncosurgical patients, radioactive exposure

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For citation: Udalov YuD, Vasilyeva IV, Gordienko AV, Bakharev SA. Mathematical Model and Software for Prognosis the of Probability of the Lethal Outcome of Oncosurgical Patients Exposed to Radiation Exposure in the Conditions of Production. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2018;63(2):25-32. Russian. DOI: 10.12737/article_5ac61d88969a97.33709654

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Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2018. Vol. 63. No. 2. P. 15-17

RADIATION BIOLOGY

DOI: 10.12737/article_5ac6190e95da25.42157674

Dependence of Body Weight on Age for Random-Bred Albino Rat and for Eight Lines of Laboratory Rat: Synthetic Studies of Data from Experimental Works and Nurseries in Aspect of the Relationship with Radiosensitivity. Some Characteristics of Rat Species

A.N. Koterov¹, L.N. Ushenkova¹, E.S. Zubenkova¹, A.A. Wainson², A.P. Biryukov¹, A.S. Samoylov¹

1. A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Moscow, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. ; 2. N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center, Moscow

Abstract

For random-bred albino rat and for eight most known rat lines (Wistar, Wistar Hannover, Wistar Kyoto, Sprague Dawley, Lewis, Fisher 344, Lister and Long-Evans) a brief review of the origins and features was made, and data on the age-weight dependences in norm obtained from experimental works and presented in the materials of firms and nurseries were analysed. The data extracted from the sources by digitizing the original curves or taken from there from the tables were combined (Mean ± 95% Confidence Intervals), and the values were compared in parallel along the Student’s t-test and the Mann-Whitney U-test.

For half the rat lines (males and females) it was found that the body weight growth in works and nurseries does not coincide (statistically significant or in the form of distinct trends), and the discrepancy can began either from a certain time moment (Wistar Hannover, Sprague Dawley), or almost immediately after birth (Lewis, Long-Evans).

The detected phenomenon has practical significance for the object selection for radiosensitivity investigation. Differences in age at the same weight of animals in the experiment and in nurseries can cause errors in background radioresistance. A review of the studies on dependence of the radiosensitivity on the age of irradiated rats was performed with the reproduction of a number of published data in a graphic form and it was concluded that a mistake in the age of rats even for a few weeks can strongly affect the radiosensitivity. It is noted that the importance of taking into account the body mass index is due to the dependence on it of the mass of internal organs, the magnitude of which is affected, among other things, on the results of internal dosimetry.

Distribution by growth intensity (an age of achievement of weight 200 g) for males is follows: Wistar > Sprague-Dawley = Lister > Long-Evans (from nurseries) > Wistar Hannover > Lewis > Wistar Kyoto > Fisher 344 > Long-Evans (from works) > Wistar from 1906-1932 > random-bred albino.

As a result of the study, standard, tabular growth curves for random-bred rat and eight mentioned rat strains obtained by combining and statistical processing of data from all available sources were also presented. This material continues the traditions of Donaldson’s Tables (H.H. Donaldson, 1915) and the growth standards for laboratory animal lines in work of S.M. Poiley (1972).

The report of the individual data by some characteristics of a rat species is presented: average life expectancy, age and weight for various physiological periods of the development, and also a certain ‘standard’ weight for a rat as a species.

Key words: random-bred and pure-bred rat strains, Wistar, Wistar Hannover, Wistar Kyoto, Sprague Dawley, Lewis, Fisher 344, Lister, Long-Evans, standard weight growth curve, age-dependent radiosensitivity

CONTENT

1. Introduction: a brief historical review, the actualityof the problem, the formation of the aim and tasks of thestudy

1.1. The origins of the use of rats in biology and medicine, in particular, in radiobiology

1.2. The history of breading of the first laboratory lines of rats. Wistar and others

1.3. Ancestral source of linear rats and their genetics

1.4. Attempts to standardize the lines of rats by body weight and internal organs. Donaldson’s Tables of 1915 and later reference materials

1.5. The need to unify rodents by age and body weight for radiobiological experiments and for synthetic studies

1.6. Purpose and objectives of the study

2. Materials and methods

2.1. The investigated lines of rats

2.2. Used literary and commercial sources

- Experimental studies

- Prospectuses, catalogs and websites of firms and nurseries

2.3. The method of extraction and processing of primary data

2.4. Statistical processing and presentation of final data

2.5. Conflict of interest and the possibility of subjective biases

3. The results of the combined analysis of the data for age and body weight relationship for random-bred and linear rats

3.1. Random-bred white rats

3.2. Wistar. The ‘traditional’ line and Wistar Hannover and Wistar Kyoto sub-lines

- The origins of lines and their features

- Parameters of the Wistar line in experimental works of different periods and in nurseries

- Comparison of the dynamics of body weight growth for the Wistar Hannover and Wistar Kyoto lines in experimental works and in nurseries

- Comparison of the relationship between age and body weight for the Wistar, Wistar Hannover and Wistar Kyoto lines

3.3. Sprague-Dawley

- The origins of the line and its features

- Comparison of growth curves for experimental works and nurseries

3.4. Lewis

3.5. Fisher (Fisher 344; F344)

3.6. Lister

3.7. Long-Evans

- The origins of the line and the features of its use

- Comparison of growth curves for experimental works and nurseries

4. What rats are growing faster: comparison of age for reaching the reference value of body weight by random-bred and linear rats

5. Some characteristics of the rat species

5.1. Age periods of life Average life time Age periods

5.2. What is the value for the average body weight of a rat?

Conclusion

List of literature (198 sources, for Russian sources there is a translation into English)

Tables (16)

Figures (15)

For citation: Koterov AN, Ushenkova LN, Zubenkova ES, Wainson AA, Biryukov AP, Samoylov AS. Dependence of Body Weight on Age for Random-Bred Albino Rat and for Eight Lines of Laboratory Rat: Synthetic Studies of Data from Experimental Works and Nurseries in Aspect of the Relationship with Radiosensitivity. Some Characteristics of Rat Species. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety, official website [Internet]. 2018 Apr. [cited 2018 Apr. 24];63(2):[about 41 p.]. Available from: http://medradiol.ru/journal_medradiol/abstracts/2018/2/15_Koterov_full.pdf. Russian. DOI: 10.12737/article_5ac6190e95da25.42157674

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