Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2013. Vol. 58. No. 4. P. 64–71

DIAGNOSTIC RADIOLOGY

A.P. Dunaev¹, ZH.V. Sheikh², V.N. Yakovlev², V.G. Alekseev², E.V. Esin¹, N.S. Drebushevskiy¹, V.I. Doga¹, G.G. Fedchenko³, A.N. Bashkov¹, O.O. Grigor’eva¹, V.G. Zhukhovitskiy¹, S.A. Ul’aynov¹

Computed Tomography in the Diagnostics of Lungs Abscess

1. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of FMBA, Moscow, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. ; 2. City Clinical Hospital S.P. Botkin, Moscow; 3. Russian Medical Academy of Postdiploma Education, Moscow, Russia

Abstract

Purpose: To increase the effectiveness of radiation diagnosis in patients with lung abscess. Results: X-ray and CT scan performed for 95 lung abscess patients. Massive pulmonary tissue seal was visualized in 56 (58.8 %) patients by X-ray imaging and in 77 (81 %) at CT. The rounded shape of infiltration, with the presence of increased density in the center was observed in 33 (34.7 %) patients on radiographs and CT in 45 (47.3 %) patients. Reduced density at the center of infiltration were observed in 4 patients (4.2 %) patients by X-ray imaging and in 22 (22.9 %) patients at CT. Melting of the infiltrate’s tissue to the liquid density, occupying almost the entire volume was observed on radiographic in 11 (11.5 %) patients with CT in 27 (60 %) patients. The air cavity with irregularly thickened walls (after draining the abscess) was observed in 73 (76.8 %) patients on radiographs and in 89 (96.3 %) patients in the CT study, the formation of capsules and oral correctly rounded with smooth walls was determined in 12 (12.6 %) patients during radiography at CT in 26 (27.3 %) patients. The cavities are interconnected at film visualized in 2 (2.1 %) patients in the study, CT – 5 (5.2 %) patients. The defeat of both lungs was registered in radiography in 3 patients (3.1 %), and CT in 6 patients (6.3 %). In 3 (3.1 %) patients in medical imaging and in 7 (7.3 %) patients a gangrenous abscess was recorded. Outcome of lung abscess in 15 patients (15.7 %) was the formation of star-shaped scar; in 58 (61 %) patients the scarring of lung tissue with the formation of a small residual air space had been found.

Conclusion: CT is a highly informative method for diagnosis of lung abscess. Compared with the conventional radiography Ғ can determine the location and extent of the pathological process more accurately and to detect the presence of the cavities and destruction of lung tissue, which in turn requires adjustment of the treatment.

Key words: computed tomography, lung abscess

Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2013. Vol. 58. No. 4. P. 48–54

RADIATION MEDICINE

N.A. Isaeva, F.S. Torubarov, Z.F. Zvereva, S.N. Lukyanova

Brain Bioelectric Activity of Bilibinsky Atomic Power Station Workers Having Various Degree of Risk of the Ishemic Stroke

Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of FMBA, Moscow, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Abstract

Purpose: To study the features of bioelectric activity of a brain on indicators EEG in workers of Bilibinsky NPP with various degree of. Materials and methods: It was an examination of 99 workers (75 men, 24 females) of Bilibinsky NPP with various degree of an ischemic stroke risk level revealed by a method of screening analysis using the 5-faktor Framingemsky’ scale. EEG research was done on analyzer EEGA-21/26 Encephalan-131-03 (MTDICOM MTD, Taganrog). Analysis EEG carried out visually with attraction on the analysis of spectral capacity of biopotentials and dipole sources of bioelectric activity localizations. Results: In the absence of an ischemic stroke risk the EEG-indicators testified the safety of the cortical structures functions, with few cases of moderate deviations at trunk level. At low degree of risk (not more than twice above the population level) at half surveyed the signs testifying the infringement of mechanisms of formation of a functional condition of a brain as on cortical, and on truncal levels, with involving thalamus and hypothalamus the formations (according to dipole sources of bioelectric activity localization) came to light. Stability of work of the mechanisms regulating functional activity of a brain (prevailed EEG with steady dynamics) remained. At average degree of risk (not more than 6 times above population level) EEG signs of infringement of functions cortical structures and truncal formations on diencephalic level accrued, prevailed EEG with unstable dynamics. At high degree of risk (more than 6 times above population level) EEG signs of infringement of mechanisms of formation of a functional condition of a brain on cortical and truncal levels and instability of the mechanisms regulating functional activity of a brain, became dominating.

Conclusion: The revealed changes of indicators EEG can testify the infringements of a functional condition of the brain which degree of expressiveness is proportional to an ischemic stroke risk level.

Key words: risk factors, ischemic stroke, EEG

Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2013. Vol. 58. No. 4. P. 55–63

RADIATION MEDICINE

I.A. Galstyan, N.M. Nadejina

Life Expectancy, Survival Rate and the Main Causes of Death in the Late Period of the Acute Radiation Syndrome

Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of FMBA, Moscow, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Abstract

Purpose: To study the life duration, survival time, mortality and causes of death of the ARS survivors. Material and methods: Results of long (from 4 to 56 years, in average: 19.7 ± 1.8 years) supervision of 152 men and 5 women (ARS survivors) are subjected to the analysis. Statistical analysis of results was made by means of the standard BIOSTAT programs. Level of the statistical importance is accepted equal 0.05. Results: 60 of 157 (38.2 %) ARS survivors have died for the period of supervision. It was found that average life duration (middle age at the moment of death) – 58.9 ± 1.6 years. The main causes of death were cardiovascular diseases (45 %) and malignant neoplasm (29 %). Thus in aggregated oncological causes of death the part of hematological neoplasm made up 12 % and it appeared to be considerably higher the corresponding population level in Russia. The third place in the causes of death structure was occupied with liver diseases – 8 %. There was no difference in survival time and causes of death of the patients dependently on the ARS severity. In average it was about 26 years since the accident.

Conclusions: 1. Life duration in the late terms of the ARS survivors authentically doesn’t differ from life duration of the nonirradiated human population of Russia and appeared to be about – 26 years after the accident irrespective on the ARS severity. 2. The most frequent causes of death in the late terms after ARS, as well as, in the general population of Russia were diseases of cardiovascular system and neoplasm. 3. The share of death from hematological neoplasm – 12 %. 4. The increase to 8 % of a share of death from the chronic diseases of a liver connected, as with hospital infection by viruses of hepatitis B and S, as with abuse of alcohol owing to social and psychological disadaptation of patients.

Key words: acute radiation syndrome, life expectancy, survival, reasons for death

Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2013. Vol. 58. No. 4. P. 42-47

RADIATION MEDICINE

V.Yu. Soloviev, A.V. Barabanova, A.Yu. Bushmanov, A.K. Guskova, L.A. Ilyin

REVIEW OF THE RADIATION ACCIDENTS CONSEQUENCES IN THE FORMER USSR TERRITORY (BURNASYAN FMBC OF FMBA OF RUSSIA REGISTER DATA)

Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of FMBA, Moscow, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Astract

The paper sums up the information on radiation incidents/accidents at the former USSR territory that related to the human exposure with significant clinical effects.

Within more than 60 years (since 1949), at least 356 such radiation incidents have happened at the former USSR territory, and there were 765 victims with clinically significant health effects. This exposed cohort includes 348 patients revealed acute radiation sickness (ARS) including cases aggravated by local radiation injuries (LRI). Isolated LRI were registered in 407 victims. Totally, 71cases of early (within first 3-4 months) radiation induced fatalities were observed.

Key words: radiation accident, medical consequences, acute radiation sickness, local radiation injuries, database

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For citation: Soloviev VYu, Barabanova AV, Bushmanov AYu, Guskova AK, Ilyin LA. Review of the Radiation Accidents Consequences in the Former USSR Territory (Burnasyan FMBC of FMBA of Russia Register Data). Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2013;58(4):42-7.

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