Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2013. Vol. 58. No. 3. P. 34–38

RADIATION THERAPY

N.V. Belozor, T.V. Segeda, V.P. Starenkiy, N.A. Mitryaeva

Sfingomyelinasa for Monitoring of Chemoradioterapy Effectiveness in Cancer Treatment (Clinical and Experimental Investigation)

S.P. Grigoriev Medical Radiology Institute, National Academy of Medical Science of Ukraine, Kharkiv, Ukraine, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Abstract

Purpose: To substantiate experimentally and investigate the possibility to use Zn2+-dependent acid sphingomyelinase (ASMase) in monitoring of efficacy of treatment for non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Material and methods: The results of radiation therapy (RT) with two modes of accelerated fractionation and radiosensitizing with Etoposide in 45 patient with inoperable IIIA-IIIB NSCLC against a background of determining blood serum ASMase activity in the course of the treatment. ASMase activity, ceramide (CM) amount and sphingomyelin were investigated in the blood serum of rats with transplanted Guerin’s carcinoma at combined action of high-energy photon (HEP) radiation and Etoposide. The irradiation was delivered in two fractions up to 10 Gy with linear accelerator Clinac 600 Ϯ

Results: It was determined that blood serum ASMase activity in patients with NSCLC after chemoradiation treatment increased significantly in 2.9 times and was accompanied by the tumor regression (>50 %) in 73.3 % of cases. It was shown that increased activity of ASNase in 1.9 times, 4.7 time increase of and 2.5-time reduction of SPM were observed in the blood serum of the rat’s carriers of the tumor at combined action of HEP radiation and Etoposide.

Conclusion: ASMase activity level in the course of chemoradiation therapy against a background of determining the tumor regression can be used for monitoring of efficacy of chemoradiation treatment for NSCLC. This was substantiated by the findings of clinical investigations which allowed to suggest that a mechanism associated with ASMase activation is involved in induction of accumulation of pro-apoptotic lipid CM at combined action of irradiation and Etoposide. Therefore, the possibility to use determining ASMase activity as a serous marker of apoptosis ceramide pathway to assess the efficacy of chemoradiation therapy is obvious.

Key words: nonsmall lung cancer, chemoradiotherapy, Zn2+-dependent sphingomyelinase, ceramide, apoptosis

Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2013. Vol. 58. No. 3. P. 5-23

RADIATION SAFETY

J.A. Jones¹, M. Epperly², J. Law³, R. Scheuring³, C. Montesinos⁴, D. Popov⁵, V. Maliev⁶, K. Prasad⁷, J. Greenberg²

SPACE RADIATION HAZARDS AND STRATEGIES FOR ASTRONAUT/COSMONAUT PROTECTION

1. Center for space medicine / Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. ; 2. Dept. Radiation Oncology, University of Pittsburgh, PIttsburgh, PA, USA; 3. NASA/Johnson Space Center, Houston, TX, USA; 4. Amerisciences, inc., Houston, TX USA; 5. Advanced Medical Technologies and Systems, Richmond Hills, Ontario, CA, USA; 6. Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladicaucas, Russia; 7. Premier Micronutrient Corporation, Palo Alto, CA, USA

Abstract

Purpose: 1. Discuss the sources of radiation injury and roles of oxidative stress and radiation toxicity. 2. Define the exposure environment of astronauts and cosmonauts working in space and on future exploration-class missions. 3. Review the development of countermeasures for oxidative stress, radiation toxicity and radiation exposure for workers in extreme environments.

Methods: Multiple placebo-controlled, randomized prospective studies have been conducted which have studied the therapeutic and radioprotection effects of various oral, parenteral and combination countermeasures on the biological consequences and survival rates after acute and chronic radiation exposure.

Results: Discussion: Employing oral chemoprevention formulas, parenterally administered MnSOD-plasmid liposomes, and hyperimmune serum and vaccines directed on radiation-induced toxins, have resulted in reduced lipid peroxidation and DNA damage, as well as increased survival in cell cultures and whole animals receiving acute high-dose radiation exposures. Each of these strategies, alone and in combination, deserve further investigation in the pursuit of effective countermeasures and treatment for occupational exposures which induce oxidative damage.

Key words: Radiation, Space Medicine, Space Environmental Hazards, Oxidative Damage, Countermeasures

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For citation: Jones JA, Epperly M, Law J, Scheuring R, Montesinos C, Popov D, Maliev V, Prasad K, Greenberg J. Space Radiation Hazards and Strategies for Astronaut/Cosmonaut Protection. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2013;58(3):5-23.

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Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2013. Vol. 58. No. 3. P. 24–33

RADIATION MEDICINE

N.G. Vlasova

Methodological Approach to Individualized Dose Reconstruction of People Exposed Due to the Accident at the Chernobyl NPP

The Republican Research & Practical Centre for Radiation Medicine & Human Ecology”, Health Ministry of the Republic of Belarus, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Abstract

Purpose: To reveal the stability of relative internal dose in individuals and families of rural society and justify the use of this law for individualized dose reconstruction of people exposed in the result of the Chernobyl accident.

Materials and methods: The material of the study were the data on internal doses estimated according to the results of the WBC-measurements of cesium content in inhabitants of the Kirov settlement, Narovlya district, Gomel region, for the period between 1990 and 1999, been contained in “Database of the WBC-measurements in Belarusian residents for the period between 1987 and 2008”, registration certificate 5870900637 from 20.05.2009.

The following methods of applied statistics have been used: analysis of variance, multivariate statistical analysis. To confirm the assumption about the stability of relative internal dose, the rank test of concordance has been used. The credibility of differences has been estimated according to the Mann–Whitney criteria in order to compare the samples, which do not submit to normal distribution shape. Statistical processing of the materials has been carried out with the use of statistical software package STATISTICA 6.0 and MICROSOFT EXCEL 2010.

Results: The conducted analysis of the internal dose distribution in residents of the Kirov settlement for a 10-year period has confirmed the hypothesis that the dose of each individual and each family has its certain place on the dose distribution curve, which is constant in time, in other words, the individuals, families and its members have the same relative doses. High values of concordance coefficient (0.889 and 0.851) confirm the assumption about a relatively stable rank of relative internal doses of the examined individuals and families.

The spring-summer season: March, April, May, June, July, and autumn-winter season: August, September, October, November, December, January, February, had been shared out according to the method of one-way ANOVA. The average internal doses for these seasons significantly differed. The stability of relative internal dose for individual residents and families had been also revealed for two seasons.

Conclusion: The established law can be used as methodological basis for individual dose reconstruction at any time period of the accident. It is of great practical importance for assessment of the individual dose included in the Belarusian State Register of people exposed in the result of the Chernobyl accident.

Key words: individual, family, internal dose distribution, stability, year seasons

Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2018. Vol. 58. No. 4. P. 72–79

RADIATION PHYSICS, TECHNOLOGY AND DOSIMETRY

L.Ia. Klepper

The Approached Estimation of Radiobiological Model Parameters for Larynx Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Central Economic-Mathematical Institute of RAS, Moscow, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. , This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Abstract

Purpose: To determine the radiobiological model parameters of a larynx squamous cell carcinoma by a method of Three schedules (TS) and parameters of LQ-function.

Material and methods: TS method for approximate definition of radiobiological parameters of a tumor, number of tumoral cells and their radiosensitivity are described. Results: With the help of TS method the radiobiological parameters of tumor are approximately determined: number of tumor cells N; their radiobiological characteristics g = a + bd, where d – a single dose; also for the first time the method of definition intervals in which parameters LQ of function should lay is considered.

Conclusions: Received results appear to be in good concord with experimental values of radiobiological parameters determined in vitro.

Key words: radiotherapy, mathematical models, larynx squamous cell carcinoma