Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2017. Vol. 62.  No. 1. P. 65-69

DOI: 10.12737/25063

Evaluation of Therapeutic Gain Factor in Neutron Therapy Based on the Linear Quadratic Model

V.A. Lisin

Tomsk Cancer Research Institute, Tomsk, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

V.A. Lisin - professor, Department of applied physics, Doctor of Engineering Science

Abstract

Purpose: To study the dependencies of therapeutic gain factor (TGF) on dose of cyclotron-produced fast neutron beams using the linear-quadratic model (LQM) parameters characterizing radiation response in tumor and normal tissues.

Material and methods: The TGF in neutron therapy was calculated as the ratio of the relative biological effectiveness of neutrons for tumor (RBE _tumor) to relative biological effectiveness for normal tissue (RBE _{normal tissue}). The LQM was used to calculate the dependencies of neutron RBE on the dose and therapeutic gain factor. We considered two cases: 1) neutron therapy for 3 types of tumors with different radiation response, where the same normal tissue was critical; 2) neutron therapy for the same tumor, when 3 types of normal tissues were taken as critical.

Results: Based on calculations and analysis of published data, the dependencies of neutron RBE on dose for selected types of tumors and normal tissues were obtained. The following variants were considered: 1) RBE _tumor > RBE _{normal tissue}; 2) RBE _tumor < RBE _{normal tissue}, in both two variants, the dependencies in the therapeutic dose rate were convergent; 3) the dependencies of RBE _tumor and RBE _{normal tissue} on dose are crossed. The dependencies of TGF for neutron therapy on single boost doses and quantitative ratios between the LQM parameters characterizing radiation response of tumor and normal tissues were found. A multivariate ratio between the dependencies on dose of RBE _tumor and RBE _{normal tissue} was the cause of variety in the dependencies of TGF on dose. In the first case, the TGF increased with increasing (α/β)_γ ratio and decreasing single dose, and the maximum value of TGF was equal to ~ 1.4. In the second case, TGF was < 1, i.e. the effectiveness of neutron therapy was lower than the effectiveness of gamma irradiation, but it was increased with higher single dose and lower radiosensitivity of normal tissue. In the third case, the dose at the intersection point (D_i) was the boundary, and TGF was > 1 to the left of the boundary, and TPV was <1 to the right of the boundary, provided that D <D_i, RBE_tumor > OBE_{normal tissue}.

Conclusion: The obtained results with known parameters of the LQM for tumor and normal tissues allowed us to make an appropriate choice between neutron and gamma- ray therapy in order to increase the effectiveness of treatment for cancer patients. It was shown that in the case of neutron therapy, the analysis of dependencies of TGF on dose allowed the optimal dose fractionation regimen to be selected.

Key words: neutron therapy, linear-quadratic model, therapeutic gain factor

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For citation: Lisin VA. Evaluation of Therapeutic Gain Factor in Neutron Therapy Based on the Linear Quadratic Model. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2017;62(1):65-9. Russian. DOI: 10.12737/25063

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Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2017. Vol. 62. No. 1. P. 5-11

DOI: 10.12737/25028  

Transplantation of Autologous Cells of Stromal Vascular Fraction of Adipose Tissue in Severe Local Radiation Injuries of Skin Caused by X-rays

V.G. Lebedev, T.A. Nasonova, Yu.B. Deshevoy, A.V. Lyrschikova, O.A. Dobrynina,
A.S. Samoylov, A.Yu. Bushmanov, B.B. Moroz

A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of FMBA, Moscow, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

V.G. Lebedev – leading researcher, PhD in Biological Sciences; T.A. Nasonova – leading researcher, PhD in Medical Sciences; Yu.B. Deshevoy – leading researcher, PhD in Medical Sciences; A.V. Lyrschikova – leading researcher, PhD in Biological Sciences; O.A. Dobrynina – junior research fellow; A.S. Samoylov – General Director SRC-FMBC, MD; A.Yu. Bushmanov – First Deputy General Director, MD, Professor; B.B. Moroz – Head of Lab., Academician of RAS, MD.

Abstract

Purpose: To investigate the effectiveness of autologous cells of stromal vascular fraction of adipose tissue in severe local radiation skin injuries after the exposure of rats to X-rays.

Material and methods: Experiments were performed on Wistar rats, weighing 200–230 g. Rats were exposed locally in iliolumbar region using X-ray machine LNC-268 (RAP 100-10) at a dose of 110 Gy (30 kV tube voltage, current 6.1 mA, thick Al filter 0.1 mm), dose rate: 17.34 Gy/min. Area of the irradiation field was 8.2–8.5 cm². Transplantation of autologous cells of stromal vascular fraction (SVFC) of adipose tissue was carried out on 21st or 35th days after irradiation. SVFC isolation was performed by means of enzymatic treatment of adipose tissue. SVFC suspension was administered subcutaneously at a dose of 1×10⁶ cells per injection around the radiation ulcers.The severity of radiation damage to the skin and the effects of cellular therapy were evaluated in the dynamics of clinical manifestations, with the help of plane geometry and pathomorphometry.

Results: It was found that by the 17–25th day after irradiation radiation ulcers were formedon rat skin. In the control group of animalsulcers persisted throughout the observation period of more than 3 months. The area of ulcers was 1,87 ± 0,35 cm² and 1.52 ± 0.24 cm² at 83th and 90th days after irradiation, respectively. In animals of the experimental group, with autologous stromal vascular fraction of adipose tissue, was significant decrease in ulceration the area in comparison to control animals. In 80 % of the rats treated with SVFC on 21st day after exposure, to the 90th day after irradiation complete healing of ulcers occurred with the formation of atrophic scar at the site of radiation injuries. These clinical observations and planimetric were correlated with the results of histomorphometry.

Conclusion: Transplantation autologous SVFC of adipose tissue contributes to accelerate the healing of radiation ulcers after local x-ray exposure in the experiment, indicating that the prospects of using adipose tissue cell products for the treatment of severe local radiation injuries.

Key words: stromal vascular fraction, adipose tissue, cell technology, local radiation damage, multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells, radiation skin ulcers

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For citation: Lebedev VG, Nasonova TA, Deshevoy YuB, Lyrschikova AV, Dobrynina OA, Samoylov AS, Bushmanov AYu, Moroz B.B. Transplantation of Autologous Cells of Stromal Vascular Fraction of Adipose Tissue in Severe Local Radiation Injuries of Skin Caused by X-rays. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2017;62(1):5-11. Russian. DOI: 10.12737/25028  

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Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2017. Vol. 62. No.  1. P. 49-55

DOI: 10.12737/25059

To Improve Accuracy of Radionuclide Therapy Dosimetry Planning Using Monte Carlo Method

Yu.V. Lysak¹, M.O. Goncharov², B.Ya. Narkevich^2,3, S.V. Shiryaev²

1. National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow, Russia; 2. N.N. Blokhin Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia; 3. Institute of Medical Physics and Engineering, Moscow, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Yu.V. Lysak - Post-graduate student MEPhI; M.O. Goncharov - Radiologist in Nuclear Medicine Laboratory of N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center; B.Ya. Narkevich - Leading Researcher in Nuclear Medicine Laboratory of N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, D. Sc. Tech., Prof.; S.V. Shiryaev - Head of Nuclear Medicine Laboratory of N.N. Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, D. Sc. Med., Prof.

Abstract

Purpose: Development and clinical testing of methodology dosimetry planning of radionuclide therapy based on Monte Carlo simulation of radiation transfer process.

Material and methods: The method of determination in absolute units of radiopharmaceutical (RP) activity accumulated in tumor lesions. The technique is based on scintigraphy syringe containing diagnostic RP activity, biplane patient scintigraphy after injection of the RP and determination of the RP accumulation when administered calculated using the Monte Carlo method for the absorption and scattering of radiation in the patient’s body and in the collimator of the gamma camera. Code MCNP Monte Carlo simulation was used. The layout of determination of the value of accumulated RP activity in the patient’s tumor site implies successive implementation of the following three steps.

1. Scintigraphic images are obtained of the vial containing already known activity of the RP placed at the fixed source-to-collimator distance, following which estimation of the detector count rate within the specified region of interest of the vial image is undertaken.
2. Therapeutic activity A₀ is introduced in the patient’s body, scintigraphic examination of the patient is performed. Estimation of the detector count rate in the region where the tumor is located and the value of tissue background in the close enough vicinity to the tumor is performed using the tools for contouring the region of interest on the obtained planar image provided using the software imbedded in the scintigraphic equipment.
3. Value of accumulated activity RP in the affected tumor is determined according to the correction factor which is calculated using Monte-Carlo method for specific clinical case for the geometry used in obtaining scintigraphic images which is identical to the conditions of measurement of activity in the vial and in the patient’s body.

The technique has been tested in the study, with an injection of 30 MBq of ¹²³I-MIBG child with neuroblastoma.

Results: The level of accumulation of radiopharmaceutical in the tumor of the adrenal gland was 0.78 MBq, i.e. 2.6 % of the administered activity. This corresponds to literature data (average about 2.4 %) for scintigraphic studies of children with neuroblastomas. When using the known calculation method for analytical formula without the introduction of corrections for the absorption and scattering of radiation was obtained a result of 1.02 MBq, i.e. overestimation was 31 %.

Conclusions: Introduction calculated by the Monte Carlo method for the absorption and scattering of radiation during scintigraphy patient can improve the accuracy of dosimetry planning of radionuclide therapy.

Key words: radionuclide therapy, dosimetry planning, tumor foci, radiopharmaceutical accumulation, activity determination, Monte-Carlo method

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For citation: Lysak YuV, Goncharov MO, Narkevich BYa, Shiryaev SV. To Improve Accuracy of Radionuclide Therapy Dosimetry Planning Using Monte Carlo Method. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2017;62(1):49-55. Russian. DOI: 10.12737/25059

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Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2017. Vol. 62.  No. 1. P. 32-37

DOI: 10.12737/25050

Radiation Risk of Incidence of Hypertensia among Russian Recovery Operation Workers of the Chernobyl Accident

V.K. Ivanov, S.Yu. Chekin, M.A. Maksioutov, V.V. Kashcheev, S.V. Karpenko, K.A. Tumanov, A.M. Korelo, E.V. Kochergina, O.K. Vlasov, N.V. Shchukina, S.S. Lovachev

A. Tsyb Medical Radiology Research Center, Obninsk, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

V.K. Ivanov - Chairman of the Russian Scientific Commission on Radiological Protection (RSCRP), UNSCEAR member, Deputy Director, Corresponding member of RAS, Prof., D.Sc., Tech.; S. Yu. Chekin - Head of Lab., RSCRP member; M.A. Maksioutov - Head of Lab., C. Sc., Tech.; V.V. Kashcheev - Head of Lab., C. Sc., Biol.; S. V. Karpenko - Engineer; K. A. Tumanov - Head of Lab., C. Sc., Biol.; A.M. Korelo - Senior Researcher; E.V. Kochergina - Head of Lab., C. Sc., Med.; O.K. Vlasov - Head of Lab., D.Sc., Tech.; N.V. Shchukina - Senior Researcher; S.S. Lovachev - Research Assistant

Abstract

Purpose: The main purpose of the research is to define the group of radiation risk (GRR) on the incidence of hypertension among Russian recovery operation workers of the Chernobyl accident (liquidators).

Material and methods: The object of research is the cohort of the Russian liquidators with the known individual doses of external gamma exposure of all body. Definition of GRR on incidence of hypertension is based on assessment of excess relative radiation risk (ERR) and relative radiation risk (RR) in the observed cohort of 106 thousand liquidators, having average accumulated dose of external gamma exposure of all body of 0.11 Gy and the maximum individual doses about 1 Gy.

Results: From 1986 to 2012 in this cohort 57112 cases of hypertension have been diagnosed, basically - essential (primary) hypertension (39.2 %) and hypertensive heart disease (53.8 %). The statistically significant ERR of incidence of hypertension was observed only for liquidators who entered the Chernobyl zone of recovery operations within the first year after the accident (before 26.04.1987): ERR/Gy = 0.26 with 95 % CI (0.12; 0.41), p < 0.001. For other liquidators no significant associations between the explosion dose and the incidence of hypertension were revealed. For nonparametric estimates of RR in dose groups (relative to the control group with doses < 0.05 Gy) the statistically significant radiation risk was observed only for the dose group over 0,25 Gy: RR = 1.07 at 95 % of CI (1.02; 1.12), p = 0.023. GRR on incidence of hypertension equal to 4 % of the number of the studied cohort of liquidators: 4515 persons with accumulated doses of 0.25 Gy and higher, arrived to the Chernobyl area within the first year after the accident. In GRR 2597 cases of diseases of hypertension were diagnosed; statistically significant (p = 0.023) assessment of RR is equal 1.07, with 95 % a confidential interval (1.02; 1.12) and an average dose 0.297 Gy. During observation from 1986 to 2012 6.5 % of cases of diseases of hypertension (170 cases) in GRR can be related to radiation-caused ones. GRR for the beginning of 2013 consisted of 2919 persons 1909 of whom had already had diagnoses of hypertension (125 - radiation caused). Since 2013 for lifetime in GRR from 43 to 66 cases of diseases of hypertension which can be related to radiation-caused are expected.

Conclusion: As hypertension is the risk factor for many circulatory diseases, address prevention and treatment of hypertension in GRR in the first years after radiation accidents could reduce the radiation-caused loss healthy years of participants of elimination of such accidents.

Key words: radiation risk, radiation risk group, hypertension, liquidators, Chernobyl accident, excess relative risk (ERR), relative risk (RR), radiation doses

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For citation: Ivanov VK, Chekin SYu, Maksioutov MA, Kashcheev VV, Karpenko SV, Tumanov KA, Korelo AM, Kochergina EV, Vlasov OK, Shchukina NV, Lovachev SS. Radiation Risk of Incidence of Hypertensia among Russian Recovery Operation Workers of the Chernobyl Accident. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2017;62(1):32-7. Russian. DOI: 10.12737/25050

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