SCIENTIFIC AND INFORMATION-ANALYTICAL MAGAZINE

ISSN 1024-6177 (Print), ISSN 2618-9615 (Online)

JOURNAL DESCRIPTION

The Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety journal ISSN 1024-6177 was founded in January 1956 (before December 30, 1993 it was entitled Medical Radiology, ISSN 0025-8334). In 2018, the journal received Online ISSN: 2618-9615 and was registered as an electronic online publication in Roskomnadzor on March 29, 2018. It publishes original research articles which cover questions of radiobiology, radiation medicine, radiation safety, radiation therapy, nuclear medicine and scientific reviews. In general the journal has more than 30 headings and it is of interest for specialists working in thefields of medicine¸ radiation biology, epidemiology, medical physics and technology. Since July 01, 2008 the journal has been published by State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency. The founder from 1956 to the present time is the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, and from 2008 to the present time is the Federal Medical Biological Agency.

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Issues journals

Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2017. Vol. 62. No. 2. P. 35-38

DOI: 10.12737/article_58f0b9573730e4.55456538

Theoretical Estimation of Risk Function and Total Mortality Rate Based on Weibull Distribution

S.V. Osovets

Southern Urals Biophysics Institute, Ozyorsk, Chelyabinsk region, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

S.V. Osovets - senior researcher, PhD Sc. Tech.

Abstract

Purpose: To estimate theoretically total mortality risk function parameters based on Weibull distribution and to calculate the average mortality rate.

Results: Lifespan distribution function takes the general form of:

where λ(t) is mortality rate function.

To obtain Weibull’s distribution mortality rate function (risk function) is represented as power equation:

where λ0 and a are power model parameters.

We provided a function for estimation of λ0 and >α parameters to be applied to a certain follow-up pattern using maximum likelihood technique (m deaths among N of potential outcomes during [0; T] period of time) which looks as:

As a result of minimization of the function we obtained generalized analytical λ0 and α parameter estimates for risk association during a specified period of follow-up. We developed a new technique using power man-years which may be adapted for radiation epidemiology in future. For a set period of follow-up [t1,t2] (with assumptions t2 > t1 и [t1, t2] ⊂ [0; T]) the mean mortality rate λ(t) was estimated to be:

This equation implies that λ(t) depends not only on λ0 and α parameters but also on the duration of the time line (t1, t2) during which the averaging is carried out. As a special case (with α = 1) the mean mortality rate is λ(t) = λ0 , and consistent with exponential distribution.

Conclusion: The generalized technique for estimation of the coefficient and function of total mortality risk was developed on the basis of Weibull distribution. The obtained theoretical results may be used in radiation epidemiology in future.

Key words: risk function, total mortality, Weibull distribution, power man-years, estimation technique

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For citation: Osovets SV. Theoretical Estimation of Risk Function and Total Mortality Rate Based on Weibull Distribution. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2017;62(2):35-8. Russian. DOI: 10.12737/article_58f0b9573730e4.55456538

PDF (RUS) Full-text article (in Russian)

Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2017. Vol. 62. No. 2. P. 47-52

DOI: 10.12737/article_58f0b9573ddc88.95867893

On RET/PTC Rearrangements in Thyroid Carcinoma after the Chernobyl Accident

S.V. Jargin

Peoples’ Friendship University, Moscow. Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

S.V. Jargin – Associate Professor, PhD in Medicine

Abstract

A major part of thyroid cancer (TC) cases detected during the first 10 years after the Chernobyl accident were represented by papillary carcinoma with the solid pattern and gene rearrangements RET/PTC3. On the contrary, among TC diagnosed 10 years after the accident and later predominated RET/PTC1. Reportedly, RET/PTC3 are associated with more aggressive TC, a larger size and a higher tumor stage at the time of diagnosis. The prevalence of RET/PTC tended to decrease with time after the accident. The cohort of early post-Chernobyl TC with the predominance of RET/PTC3 was deemed globally unique. In the sporadic TC, RET/PTC1 is predominant. It should be mentioned that early post-Chernobyl TC are not unique globally but in more developed countries, where a majority of studies has been performed. In a TC cohort from India RET/PTC3 predominated. RET/PTC3 was more frequent among non-exposed TC patients from Ukraine compared to those who were from France. The prevalence of RET/PTC among pediatric TC after the Fukushima-1 accident has been low, while RET/PTC1 is predominating. According to the hypothesis discussed here, RET/PTC are associated with certain steps of the tumor progression of papillary TC, the RET/PTC3 – with a later step. It is therefore expected that the prevalence of RET/PTC3 would correlate with the disease duration. It was reported on correlations between the prevalence of RET/PTC and individual dose estimates. Correlations do not necessarily prove cause-effect relationships. The screening was more intensive on the more contaminated territories. Dose-dependent self-selection of patients could contribute to the correlations. Pediatric TC was rarely diagnosed prior to the accident on the contaminated territories. Accordingly, there was a pool of neglected TC. Besides, some non-exposed patients could have been registered as Chernobyl victims. The pool of neglected cases was gradually exhausted by the screening. Improving diagnostics has also contributed to the earlier TC detection. The RET/PTC dynamics were in accordance with this hypothesis: the prevalence of tumors with RET rearrangements declined, while among RET-positive TC the percentage of RET/PTC1 increased and RET/PTC3 – decreased. In conclusion, RET/PTC rearrangements in TC after the Chernobyl accident, the RET/PTC3 in particular, have probably been related to the disease duration, so that the features of successive waves of TC after the accident must have been largely determined by evolving modalities of screening and diagnostics, as well as by exhaustion of the pool of neglected cancers.

Key words: Ionizing radiation, Chernobyl, mutation, RET/PTC, thyroid carcinoma, cancer

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For citation: On RET/PTC Rearrangements in Thyroid Carcinoma after the Chernobyl Accident. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2017;62(2):47-52. Russian. DOI: 10.12737/article_58f0b9573ddc88.95867893

PDF (RUS) Full-text article (in Russian)

Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2017. Vol. 62. No. 2. P. 66-70

DOI: 10.12737/article_58f0b957407525.06774674

Critical Issues Providing Radiation Safety at Radiation Accidents: Radiobiological, Medical Radiation and Organizational Providing Countermeasures against the Accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant

L.M. Rozhdestvensky

A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of FMBA, Moscow, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

L.M. Rozhdestvensky - Head of Lab, Dr. Sci. Biol., Professor

Abstract

The goal of this article is to evaluate retrospectively to what extent were realized possibilities to decrease radiation injuries for different persons involved in the Chernobyl accident.

These possibilities were based on 3 blocks - radiobiological investigations (where radioprotectors’ preparation B and cystamine as drugs and iodine prophylaxis against thyroid radiation damage were developed), medical radiation experience in the acute radiation disease treatment and organization in reduction of radiation damages by means of civil defense patterns and local health authorities.

High quality treatment of 28 persons with very severe injuries (total-body gamma-irradiation and skin beta-irradiation) is commended. The main failures were non-use of preparation B at 28 accident liquidators and insufficient a decrease of radioiodine incorporation in the thyroid gland. It is connected with unpreparedness of civil defense patterns and local health authorities to a global accident.

The current state in fields of radiation safety in case of radiation accidents and incidents is analyzed.

Key words: radiation accident, acute radiation disease, combined radiation damage, acute radiation disease treatment, radioprotector, iodine prophylaxis, organization of events, regulatory guideline, accident at the Chernobyl NPP

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For citation: Rozhdestvensky LM. Critical Issues Providing Radiation Safety at Radiation Accidents: Radiobiological, Medical Radiation and Organizational Providing Countermeasures against the Accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2017;62(2):66-70. Russian. DOI: 10.12737/article_58f0b957407525.06774674

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Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2017. Vol. 62. No. 2. P. 28-34

DOI: 10.12737/article_58f0b95734e699.63790534

Pu-239 Incorporation and Lifetime Reduction in Mayak PA Workers with Tumor and Non-Tumor Related Death

V.I. Tel’nov, F.D. Tretyakov, P.V. Okatenko

FSUE Southern Urals Biophysics Institute of FMBA of Russia. Ozyorsk, Chelyabinsk region, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

V.I. Telnov - PhD in Medicine, Senior Researcher, Deputy Director on Scientific Work; F.D. Tretyakov - PhD in Medicine, Senior Researcher, Head of Department of Radiation Safety; P.V. Okatenko - Head of the Laboratory of Radiation Epidemiology Unit

Abstract

Purpose: Assessment of the impact of Pu-239 incorporation on Mayak workers lifetime based on the analysis of mortality and age in death at tumor and non-tumor diseases taking into consideration the main and secondary radionuclide deposition organs.

Material and methods: The cohort of Mayak workers hired from 1948 to 1958 with known Pu-239 body burden was included into the analysis. The cohort comprised 3478 individuals including 2414 men (1739 deceased and 675 alive) and 1064 women (604 deceased and 460 alive). Depending on Pu-239 incorporation the lifetime as integral characteristic of the increased and premature mortality was assessed based on the analysis of the mortality and age of death in tumor and non-tumor pathology of the main and secondary deposition organs. Statistical analysis was performed using STATISTICA software.

Results: It was found that with the increase of Pu-239 incorporation in the organism of the deceased workers a decrease of lifetime occurred by 5.2 years in men and by 6.6 years in women, and after starting work - by 6.9 years in men and by 7.7 years in women. In the whole cohort the decrease of lifetime was less expressed - by 4.2 years in men and by 2.7 years in women, and after starting work - by 6.2 and by 3.0 years correspondingly. We found the increase of levels of mortality from tumors in males, mainly from malignant neoplasms of the lung and liver, which are organs of Pu-239 main deposition. For the first time the associated with Pu-239 incorporation decrease of age at death (premature mortality) was found in case of tumor and non-tumor pathology of main and secondary deposition organs both for males and females. At that, unlike increased mortality, premature mortality was registered at all studied causes of death as a significant shift or tendency.

Conclusion: The conclusion was made that increased and premature mortality are two relatively different processes leading to the reduction of lifetime of professional workers exposed to the incorporation of Pu-239.

Key words: cohort of Mayak PA workers, Pu-239, organs of main and non-main deposition, tumor and non-tumor causes of death, age at death, employment age, lifetime

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For citation: Telnov VI, Tretyakov FD, Okatenko PV. Pu-239 Incorporation and Lifetime Reduction in Mayak PA Workers with Tumor and Non-Tumor Related Death. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2017;62(2):28-34. Russian. DOI: 10.12737/article_58f0b95734e699.63790534

PDF (RUS) Full-text article (in Russian)

Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2017. Vol. 62. No. 2. P. 71-78

DOI: 10.12737/article_58f0b957500454.54839072

Successful Treatment of Recurrence of Rectal Cancer with Invasion of the Sacrum (Case Report)

Е.R. Musaev, S.I. Tkachev, D.V. Kuzmichev, A.V. Polynovskiy, A.O. Rasulov, V.F. Tsaryk, N.A. Kochura, E.A. Sushentcov, U.E. Suraeva

N.N.Blokhin Russian Cancer Research Center, Moscow, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

E.R. Musaev - Dr. Sci. Med., Head of the Department of Vertebral Oncology; S.I. Tkachev - Dr. Sci. Med., Leading Researcher; D.V. Kuzmichev - PhD in Medicine, Senior Researcher; A.V. Polynovskiy - PhD in Medicine, Research Associate; A.O. Rasulov - Dr. Sci. Med., Head of the Department of Coloproctology; V.F. Tsaryuk - Dr. Sci. Med., Leading Research; N.A. Kochura - Doctor, Department of Anesthesiolody; E.А. Sushentcov - PhD in Medicine, Senior Researcher; J.E. Suraeva - PhD student

Abstract

Purpose: Recurrence of rectal cancer located in presacral area and having invasion in the bone structure, are the most difficult in clinical practice to diagnosis and treatment. The purpose of our observation is a demonstration of modern possibilities of preoperative chemoradiotherapy followed by high-tech surgery in treatment of the patient with recurrent rectal cancer with sacral invasion in a multidisciplinary clinic.

Material and methods: Article describes the case of successful treatment of patient with recurrent rectal cancer with sacral invasion, previously operated at another clinic without prior neoadjuvant therapy. At N.N.Blochin Russian Cancer Research Center patient was performed preoperative chemoradiotherapy 40 Gy in 4 Gy fractions with capecitabine 3500 mg/day per os on radiation days to achieve maximum tumor regression. In 8 weeks after the end of combined treatment, a control examination, according to which positive dynamics in the form of reducing the size of the tumor was identified. Taking into account the recurrent tumor with sacral invasion, the absence of distant metastases and severe concomitant comorbidity, the patient underwent high-tech surgery with recurrent tumor removal and high sacral resection (level S1) with plastic replacement of the defect with recto-abdominal flap. According to pathological examination of postoperative material in recurrent tumor was reached tumor regression grade II (Dworak).

At the time of publication of the article the patient after 43 months since the operation is observed without signs of recurrence and progression of disease, return to full social life without motor restrictions.

Conclusion: This case demonstrates the importance of preoperative chemoradiotherapy in patients with recurrent rectal cancer previously have not treated with neoadjuvant treatment. Sacral resections (including a high resection at the S1 level) with a recurrent tumor removal significantly increases the overall survival and life quality. If R0 resection can be achieved, it is possible to expect a better long-term result.

This type of operation is associated with a high number of intra - and postoperative complications and, therefore, must be performed in highly specialized centers by a multidisciplinary surgical team using modern possibilities of anesthesia and intensive care support.

Key words: recurrence, rectal cancer, invasion of the sacrum, resection of the sacrum, radiotherapy, preoperative chemoradiotherapy

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For citation: Musaev ER, Tkachev SI, Kuzmichev DV, Polynovskiy AV, Rasulov AO, Tsaryk VF, Kochura NA, Sushentcov EA, Suraeva UE. Successful Treatment of Recurrence of Rectal Cancer with Invasion of the Sacrum (Case Report). Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2017;62(2):71-8. Russian. DOI: 10.12737/article_58f0b957500454.54839072

PDF (RUS) Full-text article (in Russian)

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