SCIENTIFIC AND INFORMATION-ANALYTICAL MAGAZINE

ISSN 1024-6177 (Print), ISSN 2618-9615 (Online)

JOURNAL DESCRIPTION

The Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety journal ISSN 1024-6177 was founded in January 1956 (before December 30, 1993 it was entitled Medical Radiology, ISSN 0025-8334). In 2018, the journal received Online ISSN: 2618-9615 and was registered as an electronic online publication in Roskomnadzor on March 29, 2018. It publishes original research articles which cover questions of radiobiology, radiation medicine, radiation safety, radiation therapy, nuclear medicine and scientific reviews. In general the journal has more than 30 headings and it is of interest for specialists working in thefields of medicine¸ radiation biology, epidemiology, medical physics and technology. Since July 01, 2008 the journal has been published by State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency. The founder from 1956 to the present time is the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, and from 2008 to the present time is the Federal Medical Biological Agency.

Members of the editorial board are scientists specializing in the field of radiation biology and medicine, radiation protection, radiation epidemiology, radiation oncology, radiation diagnostics and therapy, nuclear medicine and medical physics. The editorial board consists of academicians (members of the Russian Academy of Science (RAS)), the full member of Academy of Medical Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, corresponding members of the RAS, Doctors of Medicine, professor, candidates and doctors of biological, physical mathematics and engineering sciences. The editorial board is constantly replenished by experts who work in the CIS and foreign countries.

Six issues of the journal are published per year, the volume is 13.5 conventional printed sheets, 88 printer’s sheets, 1.000 copies. The journal has an identical full-text electronic version, which, simultaneously with the printed version and color drawings, is posted on the sites of the Scientific Electronic Library (SEL) and the journal's website. The journal is distributed through the Rospechat Agency under the contract № 7407 of June 16, 2006, through individual buyers and commercial structures. The publication of articles is free.

The journal is included in the List of Russian Reviewed Scientific Journals of the Higher Attestation Commission. Since 2008 the journal has been available on the Internet and indexed in the RISC database which is placed on Web of Science. Since February 2nd, 2018, the journal "Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety" has been indexed in the SCOPUS abstract and citation database.

Brief electronic versions of the Journal have been publicly available since 2005 on the website of the Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety Journal: http://www.medradiol.ru. Since 2011, all issues of the journal as a whole are publicly available, and since 2016 - full-text versions of scientific articles. Since 2005, subscribers can purchase full versions of other articles of any issue only through the National Electronic Library. The editor of the Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety Journal in accordance with the National Electronic Library agreement has been providing the Library with all its production since 2005 until now.

The main working language of the journal is Russian, an additional language is English, which is used to write titles of articles, information about authors, annotations, key words, a list of literature.

Since 2017 the journal Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety has switched to digital identification of publications, assigning to each article the identifier of the digital object (DOI), which greatly accelerated the search for the location of the article on the Internet. In future it is planned to publish the English-language version of the journal Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety for its development. In order to obtain information about the publication activity of the journal in March 2015, a counter of readers' references to the materials posted on the site from 2005 to the present which is placed on the journal's website. During 2015 - 2016 years on average there were no more than 100-170 handlings per day. Publication of a number of articles, as well as electronic versions of profile monographs and collections in the public domain, dramatically increased the number of handlings to the journal's website to 500 - 800 per day, and the total number of visits to the site at the end of 2017 was more than 230.000.

The two-year impact factor of RISC, according to data for 2017, was 0.439, taking into account citation from all sources - 0.570, and the five-year impact factor of RISC - 0.352.

Issues journals

Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2017. Vol. 62. No. 6. P. 12-20

RADIATION BIOLOGY

DOI: 10.12737/article_5a251dd2e01c02.38141187

Plutonium-239 Dioxide in the Lung. Report 2: Pathology of the Lungs of Rats Induced by Intratracheal Injection of Plutonium-239 Dioxide

E.S. Zhorova, I.K. Belyaev, V.S. Kalistratova, I.M. Parfenova, G.S. Tischenko, V.P. Saprykin, A.S. Samoylov

A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Byophisical Center, Moscow, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

E.S. Zhorova – Leading Researcher, PhD Biol.; I.K. Belyaev – Head of Lab., PhD Biol.; V.S. Kalistratova – Leading Researcher, Dr. Sc. Med.; I.M. Parfenova – Research Fellow; G.S. ѩschenko – Researcher Fellow; V.P. Saprykin – Head of Lab., Dr. Sc. Med., Prof.; A.S. Samoylov – Director General of FMBC, Dr. Sc. Med.

Abstract

Purpose: The study of lung pathology induced by intratracheal injection of plutonium-239 dioxide and obtaining actual data on the dose-dependent profile of the remote consequences.

Material and methods: The plutonium dioxide was introduced into nonlinear white male rats once intratracheally in the amount of 100 kBq/kg body weight. Experimental animals were observed during their whole life. Radiometric, histoautoradiographical, histological and statistical research methods were used. Indicators of lung pathology were inflammatory, sclerotic, precancerous and neoplastic changes in the lungs.

Results: The calculation of absorbed doses in the lungs showed their variety from 1 to 400 Gy. The paper presents a quantitative analysis of remote lung pathology according to the groups with average absorbed doses from 7 to 306 Gy. The introduction of 239PuO2 significantly increased the frequency of sclerotic changes of the lungs compared with intact rats (11 and 46 %, respectively). Tumors were found in the lungs of 20 % of intact rats and of 51 % of the rats that received 239PuO2. Malignant neoplasm of epithelial origin prevailed. They were formed in 9 % of the biological control rats and in 41 % of the rats, carriers of 239PuO2. The dependence of the frequency of pathological changes in the lungs from absorbed dose in the organ was revealed.

Conclusion: A single intratracheal introduction of 239PuO2 has increased the frequency of pathological changes in the lungs of rats compared with intact animals. With the increase of the absorbed dose in the lungs the number of rats with pneumosclerosis, tumors of epithelial origin and multiple tumors has grown. Most indicative are adenocarcinoma and squamous-cell carcinomas. With the increasing of absorbed dose not only the frequency, but a spectrum of tumors varies. Dose response – probability of effect for each type of non-neoplastic and neoplastic pathology has its own character. For tumors of hematopoietic and lymphoid tissue, localized in the lungs, the opposite from tumors of epithelial origin, dependence of the frequency of their formation from the absorbed dose has been revealed.

Key words: the plutonium dioxide, intratracheal injection, rats, absorbed doses, pathology of the lungs

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For citation: Zhorova ES, Belyaev IK, Kalistratova VS, Parfenova IM, Tischenko GS, Saprykin VP, Samoylov AS. Plutonium-239 Dioxide in the Lung. Report 2: Pathology of the Lungs of Rats Induced by Intratracheal Injection of Plutonium-239 Dioxide. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2017;62(6):12-20. Russian. DOI: 10.12737/article_5a251dd2e01c02.38141187

PDF (RUS) Full-text article (in Russian)

Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2017. Vol. 62. No. 1. P. 44-48

DOI: 10.12737/25057

Safety of Salvage Cystectomy after the Failure of Organ Preserving Treatment in Patients with Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer

M.I. Volkova, M.M. Tkhakokhov, V.A. Cherniaev, K.M. Figurin, S.A. Kalinin, M.V. Peters, O.I. Evsukova, V.A. Romanov, A.D. Panakhov, V.B. Matveev

«N.N. Blokhin RCRC» Russian Ministry of Health, Moscow City, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

M.M. Tkhakokhov - graduate student; M.I. Volkova - leading researcher, MD, member of the Working Group for writing clinical guidelines of the European Association of Urology; V.A. Cherniaev - PhD, Senior Researcher; K.M. Figurin - Professor MD, leading researcher, member of the European Association of Urology; S.A. Kalinin - PhD, Associate Professor; M.V. Peters - PhD; O.I. Evsukova - graduate student; V.A. Romanov - PhD, Senior Researcher, member of the European Association of Urology; A.D. Panakhov - PhD, Senior Researcher; V.B. Matveev - Corresponding Member of Russian Academy of Sciences, Professor, MD, Head of the Urology Department, member of the Working Group for writing clinical guidelines of the European Association of Urology

Abstract

Purpose: To prove the safety of the salvage cystectomy after organ preserving treatment in patients with muscle invasive bladder cancer.

Material and methods: In the research retrospective data of 130 patients with muscle invasive transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder were selected. In the main group 66 patients undergoing of the salvage cystectomy after radiotherapy were included, in the control group - 64 patients who underwent of radical cystectomy without prior treatment. The main and control groups were matched by age, gender, category with cN (p > 0.05 for all). In the main group tumors which were beyond the bladder wall, hydronephrosis were more frequently diagnosed; during the salvage operations pelvic lymph node dissection rarely performed (p = 0.03) and orthotopic bladder substitution was made (p = 0.027).

Results: The median of duration of the salvage cystectomy was 310 min, which was not significantly different from 300 minutes in the control group (p = 0.711). The median of amount of bleeding of the patients undergoing surgery after irradiation, was not significantly lower than that the patients who had cystectomy which performed without prior radiation therapy (1329 and 1802 ml respectively, p = 0.118). The frequency of intraoperative complications of saving cystectomy was 10.6 %, which did not differ from 7.8 % in the control group (p = 0.300). Only one kind of complication of cystectomy after radiation therapy was difficult to control the bleeding in 6 cases (9.1 %). The frequency of postoperative complications - 42.7 % in the main and control group 42.2 % (p = 0.530). The perioperative mortality was equal to 6.1 %. The operating time, blood loss, frequency, structure and severity of complications i did not differ significantly n the main and control groups (p > 0.05 for all).

Conclusion: The salvage cystectomy is indicated to a sick muscle-invasive bladder cancer with an incomplete effect, relapse or intolerable toxicity, organ-preserving treatment, including radiation therapy. Desmoplastic reactions of the irradiated tissue cause the technical complexity of the interference and worsen the conditions for reparation. The most common intraoperative complication of salvage cystectomy is bleeding, in the structure of postoperative complications infections, intestinal obstruction and complications of the urinary anastomoses dominate. The accumulation of surgical experience make the frequency and severity complications of the salvage radical cystectomy comparable, offsetting an increase of operational risk in previously irradiated patients.

Key words: bladder, muscle invasive cancer, salvage cystectomy, radiotherapy, complications

REFERENCES

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For citation: Volkova MI, Tkhakokhov MM, Cherniaev VA, Figurin KM, Kalinin SA, Peters MV, Evsukova OI, Romanov VA, Panakhov AD, Matveev V.B. Safety of Salvage Cystectomy after the Failure of Organ Preserving Treatment in Patients with Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2017;62(1):44-8. Russian. DOI: 10.12737/article_58f0b9572d7131.31568909

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Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2017. Vol. 62.  No. 1. P. 27-31

DOI: 10.12737/25046

Lifetime Risk of Lung Cancer Death for Inhalation 239Pu

M.E. Sokolnikov, V.V. Vostrotin, A.V. Ephimov, E.K. Vasilenko, S.A. Romanov

Southern Ural Biophysics Institute. Chelyabinsk region, Ozersk, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

M.E. Sokolnikov - Head of Lab., MD; V.V. Vostrotin - Head of Lab., PhD in Biological Sciences; A.V. Ephimov - Acting head of the division of radiation safety and dosimetry; E.K. Vasilenko - Chief, Southern Urals regional medical-dosimetry center; S.A. Romanov - Director, Southern Ural Biophysics Institute, PhD in Biological Sciences

Abstract

Aim of the study: Assessment of reliability of radiation safety standards after inhalation intake of Pu-239.

Material and methods: Using results of epidemiological study of lung cancer mortality in Mayak workers cohort and statistical data on all causes and lung cancer mortality in Russia the excess lifetime risk of lung cancer death was calculated.

Results: Current radiation safety standards restrict annual intake of Pu-239 class “S” at 1300 Bq/year level. The annual limit of intake is calculated in a way that the level of committed effective dose in 50 years after intake should not exceed 20 mSv. At the same time radiation safety standards restrict the level of the excess lifetime risk of cancer death at the level of 0.05 (for category A personnel) and/or annual increment of excess lifetime risk at the level 0.001. The equivalent dose of alpha-particles to the lung after 50 years of inhalation intake of Pu class “S” when calculated according to DOSE-2008 model will be 7 Sv. Given the pattern of dose accumulation over time after this scenario of Pu class “S” inhalation intake we calculated excess relative risk of lung cancer death, lifetime excess risk of lung cancer death and annual increment of excess lifetime risk. In 50 years of exposure to inhalation intake of Pu-239 class “S” the excess lifetime risk of lung cancer death will be 0.08, i.e. will exceed the 0.05 limit provided in radiation safety standards. The annual increment of the lifetime risk will exceed limit of 0.001, provided by the radiation safety standards, at age 45 and older.

These results demonstrate that the protection of personnel working with Pu-239 class “S” is insufficient in current radiation safety standards. One of the potential reasons is that lung contribution to total detriment for organism provided by ionizing radiation is averaged for all ages whereas for people of working age who contact to Pu at work this detriment doubles.

Key words: radiation safety standards, lifetime risk, inhalation intake, Plutonium-239

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For citation: Sokolnikov ME, Vostrotin VV, Ephimov AV, Vasilenko EK, Romanov S.A. Lifetime Risk of Lung Cancer Death for Inhalation 239Pu. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2017;62(2):27-31. Russian.DOI: 10.12737/25046

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Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2017. Vol. 62.  No. 1. P. 38-43

DOI: 10.12737/25052

Occupational Incidence of Employees of Enterprises State Corporation «Rosatom»

V.V. Uiba1, A.V. Gurev2, A.R. Tukov2, A.Yu. Bushmanov2, M.Yu. Kalinina2, A.I. Antonenkov2, S.A. Afonin3, A.S. Nemkov4 , N.V. Kapitonova2

1. FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia; 2. A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of FMBA, Moscow, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. ; 3. Concern «Rosenergoatom», Moscow, Russia; 4. Clinical hospital 50 FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia

V.V. Uiba - Head of Federal Medical Biological Agency of Russia, MD, Prof.; A.V. Gurev - senior researcher; A.R. Tukov - head of Lab, PhD in Medical Sciences; A. Yu. Bushmanov - First Deputy General Director, MD, Prof.; M.Yu. Kalinina - Head of the Department of social services policy of State Corporation “Rosatom”, PhD. med. Sciences; A.I. Antonenkov - research engineer; S.A. Afonin - medical representative of Concern «Rosenergoatom»; A.S. Nemkov - Federal State Healthcare Institution Clinical hospital 50 FMBA of Russia; N.V. Kapitonova - senior Researcher

Abstract

Purpose: To analyze the incidence of occupational diseases of employees of factories and organizations in State Corporation «Rosatom».

Material and methods: The study was conducted with the use of primary documents, containing information about the diseases and working conditions in the workplace. The calculation of this indicator is based on the standard and original software.

Results: In 2014 leading position among professional pathologies adhesive capsulitis of the shoulder (26.1 %), a number enthesopathies (13.4 %), lateral and medial epicondylitis (4.2 % and 0.8 % respectively) occupy. Pathologies associated with decrease in hearing (9.2 %). Cancers of the respiratory system, as well as malignant neoplasms unspecified localization (5.9 %). In the structure of occupational diseases employees from 50 to 59 years (36.9 %) is dominated; the lowest level of occupational diseases in the group under 39 years (5.9 %). 68.9 % of employees, registered in 2014, were over the age of 50. For the 2010-2014 long-term dynamics of occupational diseases shows its growth from 1.6 cases per 10,000 employees (2010) to 4.5 cases per 10,000 employees (2014). The negative long-term dynamics (2010-2014) observed for occupational diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (from 0.1 to 2.57 cases per 10,000 employees), vibration disease (from 0.7 to 0.9 cases per 10,000 employees), malignant neoplasms (from 0.2 to 4.2 cases per 100,000 employees).

Conclusion: During 2010-2014 there was an increase of the incidence, mainly due to professional pathology of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue, cases of vibration disease and malignant neoplasms. The highest morbidity rate of professional diseases was observed in workers of Priargunsky Industrial Mining and Chemical Union. Analysis of the data showed that the greatest number of diseases was revealed at persons in the age range 50-59 years old.

Key words: occupational diseases, industry register, risk factors, the structure of occupational diseases

REFERENCES

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For citation: Uiba VV, Gurev AV, Tukov AR, Bushmanov AYu, Kalinina MYu, Antonenkov AI, Afonin SA, Nemkov AS, Kapitonova NV. Occupational Incidence of Employees of Enterprises State Corporation "Rosatom". Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2017;62(2):38-43. Russian. DOI: 10.12737/25052

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Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2017. Vol. 62. No. 1. P. 20-26

DOI: 10.12737/25044

The Neuronal Plasticity of Sensorimotor Cortex in the Conditions of Increased Background Radiation

N.V. Sgibneva, V.P. Fyodorov, O.P. Gundarova, N.V. Maslov

N.N. Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University. Voronezh, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. , This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Sgibneva N.V. - PhD in Biological Sciences, assistant Department of normal human anatomy N.N. Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University; Maslov N.V. - PhD in Medical Sciences, assistant Department of normal human anatomy N. N. Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University; Gundarova O.P. - assistant of the Department of normal human anatomy N.N. Burdenko Voronezh State Medical University; Fedorov V.P. - MD, Professor

Abstract

Purpose: Observe the changes in the structural and functional organization of the sensomotor cortex neurons throughout the post-radiation period.

Material and methods: White male rats (120 animals) were irradiated on the “Hizatron» γ-rays 60Co single dose of 0.5 Gy with a dose rate of 0.5 Gy/h. Material taken away by 100 min; 5 hr; 1, 3, 7 and 14 days, 1, 6, 12 and 18 months after irradiation. Counted the number of neurons with different tinctorial properties, was calculated the nerve cell index, morphometric characteristics of nerve cells and content of nucleic acids. The obtained data were statistically processed, followed by mathematical modeling.

Results: By the end of the post-radiation period the number of normochromic neurons decreased due to increasing the number of hyper- and hypochromic cells, as well as their destructive forms. In animals as the control and exposed groups values nerve-cell index decrease with age. In control and exposed groups of rats values nerve-cell index decrease with age. The dynamics of the cytoplasm shows a negative correlation with an index of the contents of cytoplasmic RNA. By the end of the experiment the content of RNA in the cytoplasm of neurons corresponded to the age control. Profile index of nuclear DNA in all periods of post-radiation is negatively correlated with cross-sectional area of the nuclei. The amplitude of fluctuations in the size of nucleoli of neurons was significantly greater than the corresponding figure in the cytoplasm and nuclei. In the period from 6 to 18 months post-radiation period RNA content in the nucleolus had a positive correlation with the index size. Immediately after the exposure indicator nucleocytoplasmic index exceeded the reference values, subsequently decreased, and by the end of post-radiation period - almost matched up to it. Nucleolus-nuclear index immediately after irradiation not changed, in subsequent periods had a phase-change, but at 18 months matched to age-control.

Conclusion: Research has shown that neuromorphological effects were nonlinear stochastic nature, and exposure to these parameters had no significant effect on neurons. However, some indicators are not always consistent with the age-control, which could affect their functional activity.

Key words: neurons, sensomotor cortex, ionizing radiation, neuromorphological effects

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For citation: Sgibneva NV, Fyodorov VP, Gundarova OP, Maslov NV. The Neuronal Plasticity of Sensorimotor Cortex in the Conditions of Increased Background Radiation. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2017;62(1):20-6. Russian. DOI: 10.12737/25044

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