Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2023. Vol. 68. № 2

DOI: 10.33266/1024-6177-2023-68-2-21-28

A.V. Rodina¹, O.V. Vysotskaya¹, A.S. Zhirnik¹, O.D. Smirnova¹, A.A. Parfenova¹,
A.N. Strepetov¹, Yu.P. Semochkina¹, M.V. Nesterenko², E.Yu. Moskaleva¹

Features of Brain Damage after Gamma-Neutron Irradiation
of the Head and Modification of the Damage by Lactoferrin

National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, Moscow, Russia

LLC “Laktobio” , Moscow, Russia

Contact person: E.Yu. Moskaleva, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

 

ABSTRACT

Purpose: To investigate the effect of γ, n-irradiation of the mice head on the brain cells damage, behavior and cognition, and to examine the possibility of using lactoferrin (LF) to alleviate radiation-induced impairments.

Material and methods: Mice heads were irradiated in a beam of neutrons and gamma rays from the IR-8 nuclear reactor. The brain cells of control and irradiated mice were isolated using Percoll. Neurons and resting and activated microglia cells were analyzed using the fluorescently labeled antibodies and flow cytometry. The level of DNA double-strand breaks in neurons was determined by γH2AX histone content. Cytokine gene expression in the hippocampus was studied by RT-PCR. Behavior and cognitive functions were studied using the open field, Morris water maze and novel object recognition tests. LF was isolated from female colostrum by preparative ion-exchange chromatography and purified by affinity chromatography on heparin-sepharose.

Results: γ, n-Irradiation of the mice head at a dose of 1.5 Gy led to an increase in the level of DNA double-strand breaks in neurons. Twenty-four hours after irradiation the total number of cells and the number of neurons in the isolated fraction of brain cells decreased, but the number of microglial cells remained unchanged. The number of resting and activated microglia did not change within 3–72 h after γ, n-irradiation. The expression level of the TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-6 genes increased 2 months after γ, n-irradiation of the mice head at a dose of 1.5 Gy, indicating the development of neuroinflammation. At this time, irradiated mice demonstrated the anxiety-like behavior and impaired spatial and recognition memory. A single i.p. administration of human LF to mice immediately after γ, n-irradiation of the head did not affect the observed radiation-induced disturbances, but decreased the gene expression levels of TNFα, IL-1β and IL-6 pro-inflammatory cytokines and increased the gene expression level of TGFβ anti-inflammatory cytokine in the hippocampus 2 months after radiation exposure. The obtained results indicate a partial decrease in the level of hippocampal neuroinflammation of irradiated animals treated with LF.

Conclusion: γ, n-Irradiation of the mice head at a dose of 1.5 Gy leads to DNA damage of neurons and the decrease in the number of neurons. Microglia cells are more resistant to such radiation exposure. Late after head-only γ, n-irradiation, mice develop neuroinflammation, which is detected by an increase in the pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression in the hippocampus and also by anxiety-like behavior and impaired cognitive functions. A single LF administration leads to a partial decrease in the neuroinflammation level, but does not affect the other studied parameters. The optimal dosing regimen of LF remains to be determined to preserve cognitive functions after γ, n-irradiation of the brain.

Keywords: brain, neurons, microglia, activated microglia, double-strand breaks, DNA, neutrons, photons, local irradiation, mice, lactoferrin

For citation: Rodina AV, Vysotskaya OV, Zhirnik AS, Smirnova OD, Parfenova AA, Strepetov AN, Semochkina YuP, Nesterenko MV, Moskaleva EYu. Features of Brain Damage after Gamma-Neutron Irradiation of the Head and Modification of the Damage by Lactoferrin. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2023;68(2):21–28. (In Russian). DOI: 10.33266/1024-6177-2023-68-2-21-28

 

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 PDF (RUS) Full-text article (in Russian)

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Financing. National Research Center ‟Kurchatov Institute”.

Contribution. Article was prepared with equal participation of the authors.

Article received: 20.11.2022. Accepted for publication: 25.01.2023.

 

 

 

Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2023. Vol. 68. № 2

DOI: 10.33266/1024-6177-2023-68-2-35-52

A.V. Ivanchenko¹, V.A. Basharin², I.S. Drachev¹, A.B. Seleznev¹, A.Y. Bushmanov³

To the Question about Pharmacological Protection during Irradiation in Non-Infecting Doses: Maybe, Necessary? 

Communication 3. Review of the Experience of Studying and Prospects for the Use of Anti-Radiation Medicines

¹Scientific Research Testing Institute of Military Medicine, St. Petersburg, Russia

² S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy, St. Petersburg, Russia

³A.I. Burnazyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Moscow, Russia

Contact person: Alexander Ivanchenko, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

 

ABSTRACT

Purpose: Review and systematization of data on the development of studies of drugs intended for protection against radiation in medium doses, assessment of the latest proposals and directions of pharmacological influence on radiation effects, incitement to discussion on the issue under consideration.

Results: An analysis of domestic and foreign literature for the period of the 70–90s of the twentieth century and the latest period in relation to the prevention of tissue reactions and long-term effects of low-dose low-power irradiation was carried out, classes (groups) and samples of pharmaceuticals used were considered.

Conclusions: 1. Very diverse previously proposed pharmaceuticals are still suitable, acting on various mechanisms of the genesis of the consequences of exposure to medium doses. 2. In recent years, substances (drugs) with receptor action, including genetically engineered products, as well as gene therapy agents, have been of primary interest, but they have been little studied as the means of choice due to their status as demonstration samples for use at medium doses. 3. Drugs of choice, made on the basis of many considerations over 30 years ago, until a replacement not be found.

Keywords: antiradiation agents, pharmacological agents and preparations, systematics, possibilities of use in case of irradiation in medium doses, analysis of the latest proposals, debatability of application

For citation: Ivanchenko AV, Basharin VA, Drachev IS, Seleznev AB, Bushmanov AY. To the Question about Pharmacological Protection during Irradiation in Non-Infecting Doses: Maybe, Necessary? Communication 3. Review of the Experience of Studying and Prospects for the Use of Anti-Radiation Medicines. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2023;68(2):35–52. (In Russian). DOI: 10.33266/1024-6177-2023-68-2-35-52

 

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 PDF (RUS) Full-text article (in Russian)

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Financing. The study had no sponsorship.

Contribution. Article was prepared with equal participation of the authors.

Article received: 20.11.2022. Accepted for publication: 25.01.2023.

 

 

Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2023. Vol. 68. № 2

DOI: 10.33266/1024-6177-2023-68-2-29-34

A.F. Bobrov¹, T.M. Novikova², V.I. Sedin¹, L.I. Fortunatova¹ 

System Criteria for Differential Express Diagnostics of Prenosological Disorders of Occupational Health of Employees
at Nuclear Power Facilities 

¹A.I. Burnazyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Moscow, Russia

²Central Medical and Sanitary Unit No. 91, Lesnoy, Russia

Contact person: A.F. Bobrov, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

 

ABSTRACT

Purpose: Development of complex criteria of differential express-diagnostics of pre-dosological disorders of occupational health of employees of nuclear facilities.

Material and methods: The study object was male workers of the main production facilities of the Electrohimpribor Combine undergoing periodic medical examinations and psychophysiological examinations. The state of health was assessed according to the employee’s belonging to the dispensary observation group in accordance with Order No. 404n of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation of April 27, 2021. The psychophysiological state was assessed using a hardware-software complex for group psychophysiological examination APK PFS-CONTROL. Additional testing techniques included assessment of vibraimage parameters, evaluated using computer programs HealthTest and VibraMI, developed in ELSIS (St. Petersburg). Totally 943 man-surveys were carried out with different combination of testing methods. The average age of the workers was (42.0 ± 1.7) years, total work experience was (23 ± 1.3) years, and work experience in the specialty was (13.0 ± 1.8) years.

Results: As a criteria of prenosological health disorders we used the characteristics of the worker’s adaptation to the factors of life activity. Adaptation disorders are evaluated according to three specific criteria: 1) assessment of the functional state of the cardiovascular system according to HRV data; 2) rapid assessment of the psychophysiological state according to vibraimage parameters; 3) assessment of personal and special abilities according to multiple intelligence assessment. For each of the criteria a “traffic light” of states and decisive rules of their formalized identification were developed. Characteristics of unfavorable states are given. Complex express-diagnostics of pre-dosological disorders of occupational health is carried out using integral index, which is a weighted sum of private “traffic light” indexes with a ball score. The formalized express-diagnostics of premalignant disorders is carried out using linear discriminant functions with an average recognition accuracy of 96.4 % or a probabilistic nomogram, which allows to graphically estimate the risk level of health disorders.

Conclusion: Improvement of medical-psychophysiological support of employees of nuclear facilities is connected with introduction of methods and criteria of differential express-diagnosis of prenosological disorders of health. The developed criteria of express-diagnostics of pre-dosological disorders of occupational health expand the existing methodological and criteria base of periodic medical examinations of nuclear industry workers, strengthen their preventive orientation with the purpose of timely application of medical, psychophysiological, organizational and other measures on preservation and maintenance of occupational health of personnel.

Keywords: nuclear industry workers, prenosological conditions, rapid diagnostics, vibraimage technology, multiple intelligence, cardiovascular system, activity index of regulatory systems

For citation: Bobrov AF, Novikova TM, Sedin VI, Fortunatova LI.System Criteria for Differential Express Diagnostics of Prenosological Disorders of Occupational Health of Employees at Nuclear Power Facilities. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2023;68(2):
29–34. (In Russian). DOI: 10.33266/1024-6177-2023-68-2-29-34

 

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 PDF (RUS) Full-text article (in Russian)

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Financing. The study had no sponsorship.

Contribution. Article was prepared with equal participation of the authors.

Article received: 20.11.2022. Accepted for publication: 25.01.2023.

 

Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2023. Vol. 68. № 2

DOI: 10.33266/1024-6177-2023-68-2-53-59

A.N. Koterov, L.N. Ushenkova, I.G. Dibirgadzhiev, M.V. Kalinina, A.P. Biryukov

The First Radioprotectors:
For in vivo Experiments the Official Historical Milestone is Postponed by Six Years

A.I. Burnazyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Moscow, Russia

Contact person: Alexey N. Koterov, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

 

Abstract

Historical essays in monographs, in reviews and in the introductions of experimental works on theme of the first studies of radioprotectors are considered. It was found that such studies began to be carried out only during the development and use of atomic weapons, but not during the previous order of 40 years of radiotherapy (with the exception of the effect of hypoxia as such, and not caused by drugs).

In most publications, the work of Patt H.M. et al., 1949 on the cysteine action (USA) is called as pioneer research, what is not quite right (it is only right for thiol compounds). A paper by Joseph Maisin (Belgium) in the journal ‘Acta Biologica Belgica’ which published only in 1941–1943 in the occupied Brussels, should be considered as a real milestone for animal experiments (Vol. III–IV. P. 117). In this study, referenced only in a single work (Bacq Z.M. et al., 1951), the radioprotective effect of p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) was demonstrated in rodents. In the same year, the radioprotective effect of estrogens was shown in mice (Treadwelal A. DEG. et al., February 1943).

A brief summary of the stages of radioprotective agents study is presented, starting from 1942 (W.M. Dale et al.; protection of the enzyme in solution) and up to the 1954, when all the main classes of radioprotectors were discovered and the corresponding mechanisms of effects were proposed.

Keywords: radioprotective agents, first radioprotectors, history

For citation: Koterov AN, Ushenkova LN, Dibirgadzhiev IG, Kalinina MV, Biryukov AP. The First Radioprotectors: For in vivo Experiments, the Official Historical Milestone is Postponed by Six Years. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2023;68(2):53–59.
(In Russian). DOI: 10.33266/1024-6177-2023-68-2-53-59

 

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Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

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Contribution. Article was prepared with equal participation of the authors.

Article received: 20.11.2022. Accepted for publication: 25.01.2023.