JOURNAL DESCRIPTION
The Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety journal ISSN 1024-6177 was founded in January 1956 (before December 30, 1993 it was entitled Medical Radiology, ISSN 0025-8334). In 2018, the journal received Online ISSN: 2618-9615 and was registered as an electronic online publication in Roskomnadzor on March 29, 2018. It publishes original research articles which cover questions of radiobiology, radiation medicine, radiation safety, radiation therapy, nuclear medicine and scientific reviews. In general the journal has more than 30 headings and it is of interest for specialists working in thefields of medicine¸ radiation biology, epidemiology, medical physics and technology. Since July 01, 2008 the journal has been published by State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency. The founder from 1956 to the present time is the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, and from 2008 to the present time is the Federal Medical Biological Agency.
Members of the editorial board are scientists specializing in the field of radiation biology and medicine, radiation protection, radiation epidemiology, radiation oncology, radiation diagnostics and therapy, nuclear medicine and medical physics. The editorial board consists of academicians (members of the Russian Academy of Science (RAS)), the full member of Academy of Medical Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, corresponding members of the RAS, Doctors of Medicine, professor, candidates and doctors of biological, physical mathematics and engineering sciences. The editorial board is constantly replenished by experts who work in the CIS and foreign countries.
Six issues of the journal are published per year, the volume is 13.5 conventional printed sheets, 88 printer’s sheets, 1.000 copies. The journal has an identical full-text electronic version, which, simultaneously with the printed version and color drawings, is posted on the sites of the Scientific Electronic Library (SEL) and the journal's website. The journal is distributed through the Rospechat Agency under the contract № 7407 of June 16, 2006, through individual buyers and commercial structures. The publication of articles is free.
The journal is included in the List of Russian Reviewed Scientific Journals of the Higher Attestation Commission. Since 2008 the journal has been available on the Internet and indexed in the RISC database which is placed on Web of Science. Since February 2nd, 2018, the journal "Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety" has been indexed in the SCOPUS abstract and citation database.
Brief electronic versions of the Journal have been publicly available since 2005 on the website of the Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety Journal: http://www.medradiol.ru. Since 2011, all issues of the journal as a whole are publicly available, and since 2016 - full-text versions of scientific articles. Since 2005, subscribers can purchase full versions of other articles of any issue only through the National Electronic Library. The editor of the Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety Journal in accordance with the National Electronic Library agreement has been providing the Library with all its production since 2005 until now.
The main working language of the journal is Russian, an additional language is English, which is used to write titles of articles, information about authors, annotations, key words, a list of literature.
Since 2017 the journal Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety has switched to digital identification of publications, assigning to each article the identifier of the digital object (DOI), which greatly accelerated the search for the location of the article on the Internet. In future it is planned to publish the English-language version of the journal Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety for its development. In order to obtain information about the publication activity of the journal in March 2015, a counter of readers' references to the materials posted on the site from 2005 to the present which is placed on the journal's website. During 2015 - 2016 years on average there were no more than 100-170 handlings per day. Publication of a number of articles, as well as electronic versions of profile monographs and collections in the public domain, dramatically increased the number of handlings to the journal's website to 500 - 800 per day, and the total number of visits to the site at the end of 2017 was more than 230.000.
The two-year impact factor of RISC, according to data for 2017, was 0.439, taking into account citation from all sources - 0.570, and the five-year impact factor of RISC - 0.352.
Issues journals
Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2023. Vol. 68. № 2
DOI: 10.33266/1024-6177-2023-68-2-60-66
N.A. Metlyaeva, A.Yu. Bushmanov, I.A. Galstyan, O.V. Shcherbatykh,
M.V. Konchalovsky, F.S. Torubarov, V.V. Korenykov, D.S. Yunanov
Features of the Clinical Course of Acute Radiation Sickness of Middle Gravity Due to Short-Term External Extremely Ununiform Gamma-Neutron Exposure and Local Radiation Injuries of the Lower Limb and the Right Arm of Iii and Iv Severity
A.I. Burnazyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Moscow, Russia
Contact person: N.A. Metlyaeva, e-mail:
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ABSTRACT
Purpose: The purpose of the work is to assess acute radiation sickness of moderate severity from short-term external extremely uneven gamma-neutron irradiation and local radiation injuries of the lower extremities and right hand of III and IV severity.
Material and methods: Patient T., born in 1940, at the age of 25, began working from 1965 to 1968 as an apparatchik in plant No. 1 of department 20 at Production Association «Mayak» in contact with plutonium. On December 10, 1968, at 11:30 p.m., the accident occurred. The victim was at a distance of about 50 cm from the source, which was below and mostly to the right of him. The patient was exposed to short-term exposure to neutrons and gamma radiation. A few minutes later, numbness appeared in the right half of the trunk and extremities. Twenty-five minutes later, vomiting appeared, vomiting was repeated: 8 times before admission to the hospital, at the health center, after washing in the shower, in the hospital. Made gastric lavage, intravenous administration of pentacin, diphenhydramine, glucose, bloodletting (500 ml), twice transfused blood (250 ml each), polyglucin (500 ml), promedol, atropine. On examination, slight hyperemia of the right half of the face, injection of the sclera was noted. In the blood test, made for the first time after 2 and a half hours from the start of the events, there were 9000 leukocytes, lymphocytes – 15 %. On the morning of December 11, 1968, the patient complained of a burning sensation in the right half of his face; repeated vomiting. There were 7600 leukocytes at that time. The victim was offered to go to the 6th Clinical Hospital in Moscow (Sector No. 9 of the Institute of Biophysics), the patient agreed.
Examination results: A clinical description of acute radiation sickness of moderate severity from short-term external extremely uneven gamma-neutron irradiation and local radiation injuries of the lower extremities and right arm of III and IV severity is given. The features of the clinical picture of radiation sickness were entirely determined by the nature of the acting radiation factor and the position of the radiation source in relation to the victim and the associated topography of the lesion. Irradiation was directed from bottom to top and from right to left, hence the difference in exposure doses: on the right, the dose changed from bottom to top from more than 2500 rad (foot, lower leg, right hand) to less than 250–300 rad (in the head region), while in the middle – in the area from the iliac crest to the costal arch – the dose exceeded 500 rad on the left; from bottom to top, the drop occurred from a dose close to 2000 rad (foot and lower third of the lower leg) to 460 rad (in the anterior spine of the left ilium). The neutron nature of the acting radiation factor caused damage to surface tissues and visceral organs and bone marrow, the latter to a lesser extent due to the smaller contribution of the gamma factor to this accident.
Conclusion: The primary reaction and laboratory data of the first days of the disease indicated a severe lesion. However, the hematological syndrome was not severe. If it were not for the pain syndrome associated with an extremely severe local injury, the general condition of the patient would not have been so severe. Local trauma, which endangered the life of the patient, led him to a deep disability. Therefore, despite the average severity of the hematological syndrome, this form of acute radiation sickness was regarded as severe. The weakening of the hematological syndrome, apparently, was caused by the extreme severity of the local injury, which played the role of a hematopoiesis stimulator.
Keywords: accident exposure, acute radiation sickness, local radiation injury, plutonium-239 incorporation
For citation: Metlyaeva NA, Bushmanov AYu, Galstyan IA, Shcherbatykh OV, Konchalovsky MV, Torubarov FS, Korenykov VV, Yunanov DS. Features of the Clinical Course of Acute Radiation Sickness of Middle Gravity Due to Short-Term External Extremely Ununiform Gamma-Neutron Exposure and Local Radiation Injuries of the Lower Limb and the Right Arm of Iii and Iv Severity. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2023;68(2):60–66. (In Russian). DOI: 10.33266/1024-6177-2023-68-2-60-66
References
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PDF (RUS) Full-text article (in Russian)
Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Financing. The study had no sponsorship.
Contribution. Article was prepared with equal participation of the authors.
Article received: 20.11.2022. Accepted for publication: 25.01.2023.
Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2023. Vol. 68. № 2
DOI: 10.33266/1024-6177-2023-68-2-67-74
O.A. Sinelshchikova
The State of the Genome during Intrauterine Irradiation
Southern Urals Biophysics Institute, Ozyorsk, Russia
Contact person: O.A. Sinelshchikova, e-mail:
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Abstract
The widespread use of sources of ionizing radiation for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes dictates the need to study the effect of intrauterine exposure on health. The search for literature sources was carried out using the MEDLINE databases in the PubMed, CyberLeninka, elibrary.ru search engine using the key words: intrauterine exposure, gene, genome, genomic instability, cytogenetics, mutations, chromosomal aberrations, gene expression. The review uses full-text literature sources in Russian and English. The literature search ended in November 2021. The paper presents a review of the literature on the state of the genome during intrauterine irradiation. The paper presents a review of the literature on the state of the genome during intrauterine irradiation. The results of a study of persons exposed to intrauterine exposure during the atomic bombing in Japan, during medical and diagnostic procedures, as well as data obtained in experimental studies on animals indicate that the main radiation-induced effects of intrauterine exposure were early death of the embryo/fetus, congenital malformations, growth and intellectual development retardation with a threshold of at least 100 mGy. Genetic disorders have been studied both in animal experiments and in individuals exposed to intrauterine exposure as a result of the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in Japan, the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, in the offspring of parents exposed to occupational exposure, as well as in medical and man-made exposure. It was shown that changes in the genome depended on the type, dose, irradiation power and the phase of intrauterine development. Most aberrations of a stable type were represented by deletions and translocations. Unstable aberrations were also detected: paired fragments, centromeric breaks, dicentrics, rings.
Keywords: intrauterine exposure, genome, genomic instability, chromosomal aberrations
For citation: Sinelshchikova OA. The State of the Genome during Intrauterine Irradiation. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2023;68(2):67–74. (In Russian). DOI: 10.33266/1024-6177-2023-68-2-67-74
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PDF (RUS) Full-text article (in Russian)
Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Financing. The study had no sponsorship.
Contribution. Article was prepared with equal participation of the authors.
Article received: 20.11.2022. Accepted for publication: 25.01.2023.
Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2023. Vol. 68. № 2
DOI: 10.33266/1024-6177-2023-68-2-80-84
I.M. Petojan, N.K. Shandala, A.M. Lyaginskaya, E.G. Metlyaev
Newborn Children Health Status in Families of Male Nuclear Power Plants Personnel
A.I. Burnazyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Moscow, Russia
Contact person: I.M. Petoyan, e-mail:
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ABSTRACT
Purpose: To give a general description of personnel exposure doses and assess the health status of newborn children in families of male nuclear power plants personnel.
Material and methods: The work includes the results of studies of the reproductive health of male personnel of Smolensk, Kursk, Kalinin and Novovoronezh NPPs. The source of information on annual doses of occupational exposure of personnel was the data from the Federal Bank of individual exposure doses of personnel of organizations and the population in the territories served by the FMBA of Russia. The state of newborns was assessed by indicators of physical development and the frequency of birth of a child with pathology. Intrauterine growth retardation, congenital malformations, and other perinatal diseases were noted in the structure of pathological conditions. The source of medical data was information from the individual medical records “History of childbirth” and “History of the development of the newborn” for 2007–2018.
Results: The health status of newborn children born in 2007–2018 in the families of male personnel of the considered NPPs and in control groups did not differ significantly in terms of selected indicators characterizing the adaptive capabilities of newborn children to extrauterine life. The proportion of healthy children ranged from 60 to 73 % of their total number. In the structure of pathological conditions, perinatal conditions made the greatest contribution (from 10 to 17 %). The birth rate of children with congenital malformations did not exceed 34,0±8,9 per 1000 newborns and was significantly lower than the level adopted by the ICRP for calculating radiation risk (60 per 1000). There were no differences in the influence of the maternal factor (age and complications during pregnancy) on the development of the fetus and the health of newborns in the families of male staff and control groups.
According to calculations, the accumulated individual doses of occupational exposure of male personnel before conception of children did not exceed 30 mSv (on average) and for more than 95 % of the personnel – 100 mSv, which is lower than the exposure doses (above 100 mSv) when the negative consequences of exposure of men were reliably observed in the offspring in radiation-epidemiological studies.
Conclusion: No influence of occupational exposure on the health status of newborn children in families of male nuclear power plant personnel has been identified. At the same time, it is proposed to conduct monitoring observations of the state of reproductive health of a small group of male personnel of nuclear power plants, whose accumulated effective doses may exceed 100 mSv.
Keywords: newborn babies, intrauterine growth restriction, congenital malformations, men, personnel, nuclear power plants
For citation: Petoyan IM, Shandala NK, Lyaginskaya AM, Metlyaev EG. Newborn Children Health Status in Families of Male Nuclear Power Plants Personnel. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2023;68(2):80–84. (In Russian). DOI: 10.33266/1024-6177-2023-68-2-80-84
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PDF (RUS) Full-text article (in Russian)
Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Financing. The study had no sponsorship.
Contribution. Article was prepared with equal participation of the authors.
Article received: 20.11.2022. Accepted for publication: 25.01.2023.
Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2023. Vol. 68. № 2
DOI: 10.33266/1024-6177-2023-68-2-75-79
G.V. Zhuntova, T.V. Azizova, M.V. Bannikova, E.S. Grigoryeva
Risk Factors for Esophageal Cancer in the Cohort of Nuclear Facility Workers
Southern Urals Biophysics Institute, Ozyorsk, Chelyabinsk region, Russia
Contact person: Galina Vadimovna Zhuntova, e-mail:
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ABSTRACT
Purpose: To assess the influence of non-radiation factors and occupational radiation exposure on the incidence risk of esophageal cancer in nuclear workers considering various histological types of the cancer.
Material and methods: The study was designed as a retrospective analysis that considered data on the cohort of workers employed at reactors, radiochemical and plutonium production facilities of the Mayak Production Association (PA) who had been hired during 1948–1982. The total number of workers included in the cohort was 21645. Using the EPICURE software, the relative risk (RR) and excess relative risk of the esophageal cancer incidence per unit of the accumulated gamma dose from external exposure (ERR/Gy) were estimated based on the Poisson regression.
Results: By 31.12.2018, 47 esophageal cancers were reported in members of the study cohort; the majority of these cancers were squamous cell carcinomas. The incidence risk of esophageal cancer was lower in females than in males and it increased with attained age. The increased risk of esophageal cancer (all cases) was associated with current smoking (RR=12.6, 95 % CI 4.21, 42.13), gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) (RR=3.96, 95 % CI 1.60, 8.48), excess body weight and obesity (RR=1.21, 95 % CI 1.13, 2.08). The significantly increased RR of squamous cell esophageal carcinoma was found in current smokers and workers had GERD. The significantly increased RR of esophageal adenocarcinoma was found in current and former smokers. The risk of esophageal cancer (all cases and squamous cell carcinomas) was higher in workers who abused alcohol but the RR estimates were not statistically significant. A significant linear association of the esophageal cancer risk with gamma dose from external exposure was found: ERR/Gy=1.28 (95 % CI 0.21, 4.11) for all cases and ERR/Gy=1.01 (95 % CI 0.01, 3.95) for squamous cell carcinoma; these estimates are the risks adjusted for sex, age, smoking, alcohol, GERD and body mass index. No effect of occupational radiation exposure on the esophageal adenocarcinoma risk was found.
Conclusion: This study confirmed obtained earlier data on the impact of occupational external gamma exposure on the risk of esophageal cancer in Mayak PA workers. The estimates of ERR/Gy of external gamma-ray exposure were updated having made adjustments for the most important non-radiation factors.
Keywords: esophageal cancer, occupational radiation exposure, external gamma ray exposure, Mayak PA, risk factors, excess relative risk
For citation: Zhuntova GV, Azizova TV, Bannikova MV, Grigoryeva ES. Risk Factors for Esophageal Cancer in the Cohort of Nuclear Facility Workers. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2023;68(2):75–79. (In Russian). DOI: 10.33266/1024-6177-2023-68-2-75-79
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PDF (RUS) Full-text article (in Russian)
Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Financing. The study was sponsored by the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia.
Contribution. Article was prepared with equal participation of the authors.
Article received: 20.11.2022. Accepted for publication: 25.01.2023.
Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2023. Vol. 68. № 2
DOI: 10.33266/1024-6177-2023-68-2-85-91
R.M. Takhauov1, 2, D.E. Kalinkin1, 2, A.P. Blinov1, G.V. Gorina1, O.V. Litvinova1, I.V. Milto1, 2
Dosimetric Characteristics of the Cohort of the Siberian Chemical Plant Personnel in the Period 1950–2010
1Seversk Biophysical Research Center, Seversk, Russia
2Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia
Contact person: I.V. Milto, e-mail:
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ABSTRACT
Purpose: To give a dosimetric characterization of the personnel of the Siberian Chemical Plant (SCP) subjected to prolonged technogenic occupational exposure to ionizing radiation (IR) in the period 1950–2010, as well as the cohort of the personnel of the SCP involved in working with uranium compounds.
Material and methods: SCP is one of the largest and oldest complexes of nuclear industry enterprises in the world, having experience in continuous dosimetric monitoring of personnel for more than 60 years. The database of the regional medical-dosimetric register of employees of the SCP (RMDR) contains information about all employees of the SCP for the entire history of the enterprise, including personal data of medical, dosimetric and professional nature of 65.350 employees of the SCP, of which more than 32.000 people were exposed to chronic technogenic occupational radiation in the range of low doses. The archive of the medical documentation of the Seversk Biophysical Research Center contains 55.569 medical histories of the employees of the SCP, 29.800 outpatient records and 11.953 autopsy protocols.
Results: Employees of the radiochemical, chemical-metallurgical, sublimate and separation industries of the SCP were subjected to combined (external and internal) irradiation, while the personnel of the reactor production were exposed exclusively to external irradiation. Auxiliary production workers were mainly exposed to non-radiation factors. Individual dosimetric control (IDC) of external exposure was carried out for all workers who were in the zone of exposure to external radiation sources. The average accumulated dose of external radiation for employees of the SCP was 28.3 mSv. IDC of internal irradiation was carried out for all workers employed at the production site, where the excess of the regulatory level of the concentration of radionuclides in the air of the working area was detected. The average value of the activity of radionuclides in the urine of SCP workers does not exceed 0.74 Bq. The life status has been clarified for 80.8 % of the employees of the SCP. About 3.500 employees of the agricultural complex have an IDC for internal irradiation from uranium based on the results of a biophysical examination. The life status is established for 75 % of employees of the uranium cohort.
Conclusion: For the first time, a dosimetric characteristic of a cohort of 65.350 workers of the SCP (21 % women) who started work in the period 1950–2010 was given. The cohort of the staff of the SCP is suitable for conducting epidemiological studies in order to establish the risks associated with the impact on the human body of technogenic occupational exposure to IR.
Keywords: occupational exposure, ionizing radiation, uranium, plutonium, dosimetric data
For citation: Takhauov RM, Kalinkin DE, Blinov AP, Gorina GV, Litvinova OV, Milto IV. Dosimetric Characteristics of the Cohort of the Siberian Chemical Plant Personnel in the Period 1950–2010. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2023;68(2):85–91. (In Russian). DOI: 10.33266/1024-6177-2023-68-2-85-91
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PDF (RUS) Full-text article (in Russian)
Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Financing. The research was carried out within the framework of the state task, the topic of research: «Assessment of the radiation situation and the state of health of the personnel of the Siberian Chemical Plant involved in working with uranium compounds.»
Contribution. Article was prepared with equal participation of the authors.
Article received: 20.11.2022. Accepted for publication: 25.01.2023.