Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2019. Vol. 64. No. 5. P. 9–14

DOI: 10.12737/1024-6177-2019-64-5-9-14

N.K. Shandala¹, D.V. Isaev¹, A.V. Titov¹, V.V. Shlygin¹, Y.S. Belskikh¹, V.G. Starinskiy¹, R.A. Starinskaya¹, M.V. Zueva², L.A. Ilyin¹, A.M. Lyaginskaya¹

Radiation Survey in the Vicinity of the Shipyards Involved in Decommissioning and Dismantlement of Nuclear Ships

1. A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia.
E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. ;
2. Center of Hygiene and Epidemiology No. 120 of FMBA of Russia, Snezhnogorsk, Russia

N.K. Shandala – Deputy Director General, Dr. Sci. Med.;
D.V. Isaev – Researcher;
A.V. Titov – Senior Researcher;
V.V. Shlygin – Engineer;
I.S. Belskikh – Junior Researcher;
V.G. Starinskiy – Junior Researcher;
R.A. Starinskaya – Researcher;
M.V. Zueva – Head Physician;
L.A. Ilyin – Dr. Sci. Med., Prof., Academician of RAS;
A.M. Lyaginskaya – Chief Researcher, Dr. Sci. Biol., Prof.

Abstract

Purpose: To study radiation and health physics situation in the vicinity of the shipyards “The 10th Shipyard, a Holder of Order of the Red Banner of Labor” (JSC “10 SRZ”) and “The Nerpa Shipyard” – a branch of the JSC “The Shipyard Center “Zvezdochka” (SRZ “Nerpa”) after the completion of the main stage of nuclear submarine dismantling and to assess potential effect of on-going activities to the environment and population.

Material and methods: The following methods were used in radiation survey: pedestrian gamma survey of the site using portable gamma spectrometry complexes, gamma spectrometry and radiochemistry methods to determine the activity of manmade radionuclides in samples of environmental media.

Results: Radiation and health physics studies were carried out from 2013 till 2017. It was shown that gamma dose rate within the health protection zones and supervision areas (SA) of the shipyards including the territories of the nearest cities – Snezhnogorsk and Polyarnyi – was at the level of regional values and did not exceed 0.14 µSv/h. The activities of radionuclides in soil from the surveyed sites did not exceed 23 Bq/kg for ⁹⁰Sr and 100 Bq/kg for ¹³⁷Cs. Concentrations of ⁹⁰Sr and ¹³⁷Cs in plants (mosses) at the surveyed sites did not exceed 70 and 48 Bq/kg, respectively, this is a bit higher than the background levels of the reference village of Belokamenka (1 and 20 Bq/kg, respectively, for ⁹⁰Sr and ¹³⁷Cs). The activity of seawater (Barents Sea) in 2016–2018 reached 60 mBq/l for ⁹⁰Sr and 4 mBq/l for ¹³⁷Cs, at mean values from 2 to 4 mBq/l over the period between 1990 and 2000 for the studied radionuclides. Data for ¹³⁷Cs and ⁹⁰Sr measured in samples of local wild plants, in particular, mushrooms, did not exceed 100 Bq/kg, this is much lower than the established permissible specific activities.

Conclusion: Considerable impact of the work on the dismantling of nuclear submarines, maintenance ships and ships with a nuclear energy installation on the radiation situation in the areas of shipyards and health effects in the population of Snezhnogorsk and Polyarnyi was not revealed. However, along the external border of the surveyed shipyards some local parts of the sites of 5500 m2 area were found, where the specific activities of ⁹⁰Sr and ¹³⁷Cs in soil exceeded background levels and bordered by the level of permissible specific activity for unlimited use of solid materials (¹³⁷Cs – 100 Bq/kg).

Key words: nuclear submarines, decommissioning, dismantlement, radiation survey, floating technical base Lepse, Kola Peninsula, strontium-90, cesium-137

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For citation: Shandala NK, Isaev DV, Titov AV, Shlygin VV, Belskikh YS, Starinskiy VG, Starinskaya RA, Zueva MV, Ilyin LA, Lyaginskaya AM. Radiation Survey in the Vicinity of the Shipyards Involved in Decommissioning and Dismantlement of Nuclear Ships. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2019;64(5):9-14. (in Russian).

DOI: 10.12737/1024-6177-2019-64-5-9-14

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Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2019. Vol. 64. No. 5. P. 20–27

DOI: 10.12737/1024-6177-2019-64-5-20-27

L.A. Suvorova, I.A. Galstian, N.M. Nadejina, V.Yu. Nugis, M.G. Kozlova,
I.E. Andrianova, V.N. Maltsev, B.B. Moroz

Characters of Oncohematological Disease Formation in Long Terms after Acute Radiation Sickness

A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Moscow, Russia. E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

L.A. Suvorova – Leading Researcher, Dr. Sci. Med.;
I.A. Galstian – Head of Lab., Assoc. Prof., Dr. Sci. Med.;
N.M. Nadejina – Leading Researcher, PhD Med.;
V.Yu. Nugis – Head of Lab., Dr. Sci. Biol.;
M.G. Kozlova – Researcher;
I.E. Andrianova – Leading Researcher, Dr. Sci. Med.;
V.N. Mal´tsev – Leading Researcher, Prof., Dr. Sci. Med.;
B.B. Moroz – Head of Lab., Academician of RAS

Abstract

Purpose: To clarify the frequency, nosological forms, the timing of development and the features of the clinical course of developed oncohematological diseases on the basis of a retrospective analysis of the results of long-term follow-up of patients who underwent acute radiation syndrome (ARS).

Material and methods: An analysis of clinical histories from archives of A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of 157 patients who underwent ARS of varying severity, and some scientific publications. Various oncohematological diseases developed in the long-term period in 8 patients with ARS I–III (IV) severity: in 5 patients – myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), in 2 – chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and in 1 – acute myelomonoblastic leukemia (OMML).

Results: The excess absolute risk of developing MDS and leukemia in the group is 7.2×10^–4 man-years/Gy. All patients underwent relatively uniform irradiation. MDS developed in 5 patients who underwent ARS as a result of a single acute gamma-beta- and gamma-neutron irradiation at doses of 1.2–5.0 Gy. Nosological forms of MDS: with unilinear dysplasia, with multilinear dysplasia (2 cases), with ringed sideroblasts, with excess blasts. The latency period lasted from 3 to 31 years. Age at the time of irradiation was 28–55 years. CML, Ph-positive form, was detected in 2 patients. Doses of gamma-beta-radiation were 2.0 and 4.3 Gy. Age of patients at the time of irradiation was 22 and 25 years. Diseases developed 3 and 15 years after the undergone ARS and were characterized by a long period of inactive phase (10 and 7 years), which resulted in a blast crisis. OMML in the patient, who suffered during the Chernobyl accident and since 1990 was observed in the URCRM, developed 11.8 years after irradiation at a dose of 3.0 Gy. An analysis of available clinical data makes it possible to question the diagnosis of acute leukemia, and to suppose that chronic myelomonocytic leukemia developed in this patient.

Conclusion: The obtained data indicate that chronic leukemia forms are characteristic for radiation leukemia, often with a long preceding cytopenic stage (MDS). An essential factor in the realization of the leukemogenic effect is the uniformity of the whole body exposure undoubtedly. In addition, it can’t be ruled out that the carriage of hepatitis B and C viruses also played a role in the formation of MDS.

Key words: acute radiation syndrome, radiation leukemia, myelodysplastic syndrome, erythremia, chronic myeloid leukemia, acute myelomonoblastic leukemia, blast crisis, anemia, thrombocytopenia

REFERENCES

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For citation: Suvorova LA, Galstian IA, Nadejina NM, Nugis VYu, Kozlova MG, Andrianova IE, Maltsev VN, Moroz BB. Characters of Oncohematological Disease Formation in Long Terms after Acute Radiation Sickness. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2019;64(5):20-7. (in Russian).

DOI: 10.12737/1024-6177-2019-64-5-20-27

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Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2019. Vol. 64. No. 5. P. 15–19

DOI: 10.12737/1024-6177-2019-64-5-15-19

A.V. Simakov, Yu.V. Abramov

Radiation Safety Standards and Basic Health Rules for Radiation Safety: Proposal on the Development of New Versions

A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of FMBA, Moscow, Russia. E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

A.V. Simakov – Head of Lab., PhD Med.;
Yu.V. Abramov – Leading Researcher, PhD Tech.

Abstract

The objective of this work is to enhance national Radiation safety standards (NRB) and Basic Health Rules for Radiation Safety (OSPORB). 

This article discusses proposals how to amend new versions of the fundamental regulatory documents – national NRB and OSPORB as regards the interpretation of the term “limit of the annual effective dose of manmade individual exposure” and the health physics limiting the content of artificial radionuclides in solid materials for their unrestricted use.

In current Radiation Safety Standards, NRB-99/2009 (paragraph 3.1.5.), in contrast to the Federal Law of 09.01.1996 No 3-FZ “On the Public Radiation Protection” and provisions of draft International Basic Safety Standards, annual effective dose means gross effective dose of external and internal exposure, received for the calendar year. The article describes the situation where the doses of a conditional worker do not exceed the dose limits in a single calendar year, i.e. < 50 mSv, however, for any arbitrarily taken time interval equal to one year, the annual dose limit of 50 mSv is repeatedly exceeded. Therefore, the following amendment is proposed to be made in new version of the NRB: “Annual effective dose means the sum of the effective external dose received for any arbitrarily taken time interval equal to one year and the ambient effective internal dose due to the intake of radionuclides in the body over the same period”.

In current Basic Health Rules for Radiation Safety, OSPORB 99/2010, Annex 3 “The Specific Activities of Artificial Radionuclides, at which Unrestricted Use of Materials is Permitted” does not include the uranium isotopes ²³⁴U, ²³⁵U and ²³⁸U; this contradicts paragraph 5.2.10 of OSPORB-99/2010, according to which these isotopes should be attributed to manmade radiation sources. 

The article justifies the expediency of establishing the upper value of the specific activity of 1 Bq/g for the main uranium radionuclides in solid materials in case of their unlimited use.

The supplement of Appendix 3 is proposed to the new version of the OSPORB with uranium isotopes ²³⁴U, ²³⁵U, ²³⁸U, setting the standard for their specific activity of 1 Bq/g in solid materials for unlimited use. 

Key words: radiation safety standards, dose limit, workers, health physics regulation 

REFERENCES

1. SP 2.6.1.2612-10. Basic Health Ruses for Radiation Safety (OSPORB-99/2010) in ed. Amendment number 1, approved by the Statement of the Chief Medical Officer of the Russian Federation of 16.09.2013 № 43. (in Russian).
2. Federal Law of 09.01.1996 № 3-FZ “On the Public Radiation Protection”. (in Russian).
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For citation: Simakov AV, Abramov YuV. Radiation Safety Standards and Basic Health Rules for Radiation Safety: Proposal on the Development of New Versions. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2019;64(5):15-9. (in Russian).

DOI: 10.12737/1024-6177-2019-64-5-15-19

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Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2019. Vol. 64. No. 5. P. 28–34

DOI: 10.12737/1024-6177-2019-64-5-28-34

N.S. Yakovleva¹, V.I. Amosov¹, A.A. Speranskaia¹, V.P. Zolotnitskaia¹, V.A. Ratnikov²

Computed Tomography in the Diagnosis of Various Forms of Amiodarone-Induced Pulmonary Toxicity

1. I.P. Pavlova First St. Petersburg Medical State University, St. Petersburg, Russia. Е-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. ;
2. L.G. Sokolov Clinical Hospital No. 122, St. Petersburg, Russia

N.S. Yakovleva – Radiologist;
V.I. Amosov – Head of Dep., Dr. Sci. Med, Prof., Member ERS;
A.A. Speranskaia – Dr. Sci. Med., Prof., Member ERS;
V.P. Zolotnitskaia – Senior Researcher, Dr. Sci. Biol.;
V.A. Ratnikov – Vice-President, Med. Dep., Dr. Sci. Med., Prof., Member ERS, Member ESGE

Abstract

Purpose: To determine computed tomography subtypes of amiodarone-induced pulmonary toxicity (AIPT).

Material and methods: We included 214 CT exams of 110 patients with history of amiodarone use. AIPT was confirmed in 90 cases. In 81 % of patients we repeat CT exam 2–5 times, observation period till 1 month to 10 years. The mean age of patients was 71 years (21 females, 69 – males). In 52 % of patients lung scintigraphy was done. We included functional lung test, spirometry, heart ultrasound in diagnostic plan.

Results: Only in 3 % of cases we detected acute form of AIPT. In 68 % of patients subacute form was revealed, in that cases we indentified different patterns of lung defeat, which mimic oncology disease, different types of interstitial pneumonias, small vessel pulmonary embolism. In other cases chronic form AIPT was suspected. Unilateral changes and craniocaudal gradient were not pathognomic for AIPT. We did not identify consolidation zones and nodules. Honeycombing was not a typical feature of chronic form of AIPT. Appearance of ground-glass opacity pattern was feature of lung toxicity exaxerbation.

Conclusion: AIPT diagnose of exclusion because of it’s multiple radiological subtypes. There are no specific histological or cytological markers of the disease. Only CT could identify signs of active process and differentiate different subtypes of AIPT.

Key words: amiodarone, amiodarone-induced pulmonary toxicity, multislice computed tomography

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For citation: Yakovleva NS, Amosov VI, Speranskaia AA, Zolotnitskaia VP, Ratnikov VA. Computed Tomography in the Diagnosis of Various Forms of Amiodarone-Induced Pulmonary Toxicity. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2019;64(5):28-34. (in Russian).

DOI: 10.12737/1024-6177-2019-64-5-28-34

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