Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2018. Vol. 63. No. 2. P. 15-17

RADIATION BIOLOGY

DOI: 10.12737/article_5ac6190e95da25.42157674

Dependence of Body Weight on Age for Random-Bred Albino Rat and for Eight Lines of Laboratory Rat: Synthetic Studies of Data from Experimental Works and Nurseries in Aspect of the Relationship with Radiosensitivity. Some Characteristics of Rat Species

A.N. Koterov¹, L.N. Ushenkova¹, E.S. Zubenkova¹, A.A. Wainson², A.P. Biryukov¹, A.S. Samoylov¹

1. A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Moscow, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. ; 2. N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center, Moscow

Abstract

For random-bred albino rat and for eight most known rat lines (Wistar, Wistar Hannover, Wistar Kyoto, Sprague Dawley, Lewis, Fisher 344, Lister and Long-Evans) a brief review of the origins and features was made, and data on the age-weight dependences in norm obtained from experimental works and presented in the materials of firms and nurseries were analysed. The data extracted from the sources by digitizing the original curves or taken from there from the tables were combined (Mean ± 95% Confidence Intervals), and the values were compared in parallel along the Student’s t-test and the Mann-Whitney U-test.

For half the rat lines (males and females) it was found that the body weight growth in works and nurseries does not coincide (statistically significant or in the form of distinct trends), and the discrepancy can began either from a certain time moment (Wistar Hannover, Sprague Dawley), or almost immediately after birth (Lewis, Long-Evans).

The detected phenomenon has practical significance for the object selection for radiosensitivity investigation. Differences in age at the same weight of animals in the experiment and in nurseries can cause errors in background radioresistance. A review of the studies on dependence of the radiosensitivity on the age of irradiated rats was performed with the reproduction of a number of published data in a graphic form and it was concluded that a mistake in the age of rats even for a few weeks can strongly affect the radiosensitivity. It is noted that the importance of taking into account the body mass index is due to the dependence on it of the mass of internal organs, the magnitude of which is affected, among other things, on the results of internal dosimetry.

Distribution by growth intensity (an age of achievement of weight 200 g) for males is follows: Wistar > Sprague-Dawley = Lister > Long-Evans (from nurseries) > Wistar Hannover > Lewis > Wistar Kyoto > Fisher 344 > Long-Evans (from works) > Wistar from 1906-1932 > random-bred albino.

As a result of the study, standard, tabular growth curves for random-bred rat and eight mentioned rat strains obtained by combining and statistical processing of data from all available sources were also presented. This material continues the traditions of Donaldson’s Tables (H.H. Donaldson, 1915) and the growth standards for laboratory animal lines in work of S.M. Poiley (1972).

The report of the individual data by some characteristics of a rat species is presented: average life expectancy, age and weight for various physiological periods of the development, and also a certain ‘standard’ weight for a rat as a species.

Key words: random-bred and pure-bred rat strains, Wistar, Wistar Hannover, Wistar Kyoto, Sprague Dawley, Lewis, Fisher 344, Lister, Long-Evans, standard weight growth curve, age-dependent radiosensitivity

CONTENT

1. Introduction: a brief historical review, the actualityof the problem, the formation of the aim and tasks of thestudy

1.1. The origins of the use of rats in biology and medicine, in particular, in radiobiology

1.2. The history of breading of the first laboratory lines of rats. Wistar and others

1.3. Ancestral source of linear rats and their genetics

1.4. Attempts to standardize the lines of rats by body weight and internal organs. Donaldson’s Tables of 1915 and later reference materials

1.5. The need to unify rodents by age and body weight for radiobiological experiments and for synthetic studies

1.6. Purpose and objectives of the study

2. Materials and methods

2.1. The investigated lines of rats

2.2. Used literary and commercial sources

- Experimental studies

- Prospectuses, catalogs and websites of firms and nurseries

2.3. The method of extraction and processing of primary data

2.4. Statistical processing and presentation of final data

2.5. Conflict of interest and the possibility of subjective biases

3. The results of the combined analysis of the data for age and body weight relationship for random-bred and linear rats

3.1. Random-bred white rats

3.2. Wistar. The ‘traditional’ line and Wistar Hannover and Wistar Kyoto sub-lines

- The origins of lines and their features

- Parameters of the Wistar line in experimental works of different periods and in nurseries

- Comparison of the dynamics of body weight growth for the Wistar Hannover and Wistar Kyoto lines in experimental works and in nurseries

- Comparison of the relationship between age and body weight for the Wistar, Wistar Hannover and Wistar Kyoto lines

3.3. Sprague-Dawley

- The origins of the line and its features

- Comparison of growth curves for experimental works and nurseries

3.4. Lewis

3.5. Fisher (Fisher 344; F344)

3.6. Lister

3.7. Long-Evans

- The origins of the line and the features of its use

- Comparison of growth curves for experimental works and nurseries

4. What rats are growing faster: comparison of age for reaching the reference value of body weight by random-bred and linear rats

5. Some characteristics of the rat species

5.1. Age periods of life Average life time Age periods

5.2. What is the value for the average body weight of a rat?

Conclusion

List of literature (198 sources, for Russian sources there is a translation into English)

Tables (16)

Figures (15)

For citation: Koterov AN, Ushenkova LN, Zubenkova ES, Wainson AA, Biryukov AP, Samoylov AS. Dependence of Body Weight on Age for Random-Bred Albino Rat and for Eight Lines of Laboratory Rat: Synthetic Studies of Data from Experimental Works and Nurseries in Aspect of the Relationship with Radiosensitivity. Some Characteristics of Rat Species. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety, official website [Internet]. 2018 Apr. [cited 2018 Apr. 24];63(2):[about 41 p.]. Available from: http://medradiol.ru/journal_medradiol/abstracts/2018/2/15_Koterov_full.pdf. Russian. DOI: 10.12737/article_5ac6190e95da25.42157674

PDF (RUS) Full-text article (in Russian)

Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2014. Vol. 59. No. 2. P. 30-38

RADIATION MEDICINE

А.V. Barabanova, А.А. Gordeeva, N.V. Zinovyeva

Early Erythropenia in Acute Radiation Disease after Non-Uniform Exposure: Possible Pathogenetic Mechanisms

Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of FMBA, Moscow, Russia. E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

ABSTRACT

Purpose: To study the features of acute radiation disease in group of patients exposed to radiation with non-uniform distribution of absorbed dose within the body; the time and grade of possible early erythropenia estimation; clarify its pathogenesis.

Material and methods: Medical histories of 25 patients suffered with acute radiation disease from non-uniform exposure: more than three times gradient of dose by body with maximal local dose higher 10 Gy. Three groups of patients were considered dependently on type of radiation: gamma-radiation 11 patients, gamma-neutron and gamma-beta groups by 7 patients each. Clinical picture in all patients was characterized by compound of bone marrow syndrome (BMS) with local radiation injury (LRI). The time of appearance and the grade of erythropenia were registered and were compared with the main clinical signs of the disease.

Results: Early erythropenia (drop to 3.5×10¹²/l and lower) in period not later than end of the second week was registered in 14 cases with the most severe and spread local radiation injury (LRI). Some slightly expressed decrease of erythrocytes’ number, or the same later its’ appearing, was found in cases with some less expressed, or not so spread LRI. There was no decrease of erythrocytes in three patients with the most limited by surface LRI. There was no correlation between the grade of erythropenia and bone marrow syndrome (BMS) severity. Decrease of erythrocyte was registered at the same time (or slightly later), as an oedema and necrosis in zone of LRI developed, and that corresponded to the period of significant microcirculation’s disorders and following endogenous intoxication developing.

Conclusion: The absence of correlation between the grade and time of erythropenia and BMS severity, as well as coincidence in time of erythropenia appearance with severe edema and necrosis in zone of local injuries lets us to suppose that intravascular hemolysis is the main cause of erythropenia in patients with acute radiation syndrome resulted from non-uniform irradiation.

Key words: acute radiation disease, non-uniform exposure, bone marrow syndrome, local radiation injury, erythropenia

Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2018. Vol. 63. No. 2. P. 5-14

RADIATION BIOLOGY

DOI: 10.12737/article_5ac618209e5301.92255096

Dioxide Plutonium-239 in the Lung. Report 3: Different Effect of Vitamins A, C and β-carotene on the Long-term Consequences of Incorporation

I.K. Belyaev, E.S. Zhorova, V.S. Kalistratova, I.M. Parfenova, G.S. Tischenko

A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Moscow, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

I.K. Belyaev - Head of Lab., PhD Biol.; E.S. Zhorova - Leading Researcher, PhD Biol.; V.S. Kalistratova - Leading Researcher, Dr. Sc. Med.; I.M. Parfenova - Research Fellow; G.S. Tischenko - Research Fellow

Abstract

Purpose: Testing of vitamin preparations as a means of prophylaxis long-term effects of destruction of incorporated radionuclides. Analysis of experimental material about the influence of L-ascorbic acid, retinol palmitate and β-carotene on the long-term effects inside the lungs of incorporation dioxide plutonium-239.

Material and methods: The studies were performed on 628 white nonlinear male rats.

Plutonium dioxide was administered to white nonlinear male rats once intratracheally in the amount of 100 kBq/kg body weight. The diet was enriched by L-ascorbic acid, retinol palmitate or synthetic β-carotene. The analysis of pathological effects inside the lungs of incorporation of the plutonium dioxide was carried out by groups formed based on individual absorbed doses in the range of their geometric means between 32 and 212 Gy.

Test animals were observed for life. Radiometric, histological and statistical methods were used. Indicators of the pathology of the organ of respiration were inflammatory, sclerotic, premalignant and malignant changes in the lungs. Indicators of breathing pathology: inflammatory, sclerotic, premalignant and malignant changes in the lungs are quantified.

Results: Long-term consumption of vitamins C, A and β-carotene in intact rats did not affect the life span of animals and the total frequency of the identified types of lung cancer. We found a significant increase in the frequency of pneumosclerosis in groups of rats received vitamin A (27 %) or β-carotene (29 %) compared with intact animals (11 %). Multidirectional effect of vitamins A, C and β-carotene on selected indicators of long-term effects inside the lungs of incorporation ²³⁹PuO₂ has been marked. Vitamin A and β-carotene intensified the sclerotic processes in the organ of respiration, and vitamin A largely (67 %) than β-carotene (57 %) with 46 % in controls. When enriching the ration of animals with the studied vitamin preparations, the regularity of increasing the number of rats with tumors localized in the lungs was preserved. Both positive and negative influence on radiation carcinogenesis and the lack of effect depending on the absorbed dose was noted. With the increase of absorbed dose from 32 to 212 Gy not only the frequency but also the spectrum of tumors localized in the lungs has varied. Against the background of increasing the total number of tumors has increased the number of rats with tumors of epithelial origin and decreased with gematosarcoma. No effect is investigated vitamin preparations on the metabolism of plutonium dioxide-239 installed. Consumption of the studied drugs did not affect the lifespan of rats with intra-lungs the introduction of dioxide of plutonium-239 and the process of formation of absorbed doses in the lungs.

Conclusions: Vitamin A and β-carotene stimulate the development of pulmonary fibrosis in rats of intact and affected ²³⁹PuO₂ ones. The result of the use of vitamins A, C and β-carotene showed the different (positive and negative) effect on the formation of lung tumors induced ²³⁹PuO₂ in various ranges of absorbed doses. In the studied forms, doses and schemes assign vitamins A, C and β-carotene cannot be recommended for the prevention of spontaneous and ²³⁹PuO₂-induced pathological changes in the lung.

Key words: plutonium-239 dioxide, intratracheal administration, rats, lungs, long-term effects, vitamin C, vitamin A, beta-carotene

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For citation: Belyaev IK, Zhorova ES, Kalistratova VS, Parfenova IM, Тischenko GS. Dioxide Plutonium-239 in the Lung. Report 3: Different Effect of Vitamins A, C and β-carotene оn the Long-term Consequences of Incorporation. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2018;63(2):5-14. Russian. DOI: 10.12737/article_5ac618209e5301.92255096

PDF (RUS) Full-text article (in Russian)

Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2014. Vol. 59. No. 2. P. 23-29

RADIATION MEDICINE

I.A. Galstyan, N.M. Nadejina, N.M. Borisov

Radiation Injuries at Endovascular Surgery

Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of FMBA, Moscow, Russia. E-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

ABSTRACT

Widespread introduction of intervention radiology (X-ray control in real time the image of an operational field which is constantly irradiated during operation) in medical practice in the last decades led to emergence in English literature of descriptions of the local radiation injuries which have developed in areas of a projection of a X-ray beam owing to carrying out procedures of endovascular surgery. In Russian literature of similar clinical supervision it wasn’t found. Article is devoted to representation of own experience of supervision over two patients with consequences of the acute local radiation injuries which have developed at carrying out endovascular procedures.

Key words: intervention radiology, endovascular surgery, radiation complications, x-ray radiation, local radiation injuries, late radiation ulcers