Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2015. Vol. 60. No. 1. P. 5-14

RADIATION BIOLOGY

L.V. Shulenina¹, V.F. Mikhailov¹, E.V. Ledin², N.F. Raeva¹, G.D. Zasukhina³

Evaluation of P53-Dependent System of Maintaining the Genome Stability by Content of MicroRNA and MRNA in Blood of Cancer Patients

1. A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of FMBA, Moscow, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. ; 2. Treatment-and-reabilitation Center of Ministry of Health of Russia, Moscow, Russia; 3. Vavilov Institute of General Genetics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia

ABSTRACT

Purpose: To explore the content of mature mir125b, mir21, mir34a, mir145, let7a, mir16 and mRNA of P53, MDM2, MDMX genes, modulating activity of p53-dependent system of maintaining the genome stability in blood of cancer patients before and after radiotherapy for evaluation of disease prognosis and identification of the most promising targets for pharmacological correction.

Material and methods: We used the whole blood of patients with prostate cancer, breast cancer, head and neck cancer which was received before and after radiation therapy. The control was the blood of healthy donors. Radiation therapy was carried out on the equipment ROCUS (⁶⁰Co). The total dose of irradiation was about 70 Gy. The content of the mature microRNA and mRNA was determined using the quantative reverse-transcription real-time PCR with gene-specific primers. Relative expression was calculated according to the method ΔΔCt. Statistical analysis of the results was carried out by the Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon tests. Data are presented as median and quartiles, normalized to median of control group accepted as 1.

Results: The low expression of MDMX and high content of both mir21 and let7a were found in the blood of prostate cancer patients in comparison with blood of donors. Radiotherapy increased mir34a, but did not influence on another indicators. The breast cancer patients have high level mir145, mir21 and mir 34a before radiotherapy. Expression of MDM2 after radiotherapy declined in blood of these persons. The patients with head and neck cancer revealed significantly high level of mir21, mir145, mir34a and radiotherapy caused an extension of let7a.

Conclusion: The low efficiency of functioning P53- dependent system, maintaining the genome stability is the precondition factor of tumors’ high radioresistance. Inactivation of p53 in cancer cells is due to mutations in the p53 gene, increased activity of the endogenous inhibitors of MDM2, MDMX and balance of mature mir16, 21, 34, 125, 145. It was found the increase of mir145, mir21, mir34a, and let7a content in blood of oncologic patients. It is presumed that the changes of expression these indicators support the information about the effectivity of therapy and for development of p53-dependent-system-drugs.

Key words: radiotherapy, cancer patients, genome stability, p53-dependent system maintaining mir125b, mir21, mir34a, mir145, mir16, let7a, targeted compounds

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For citation: Shulenina LV, Mikhailov VF, Ledin EV, Raeva NF, Zasukhina GD. Evaluation of P53-Dependent System of Maintaining the Genome Stability by Content of MicroRNA and MRNA in Blood of Cancer Patients. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2015;60(1):5-14. Russian.

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Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2015. Vol. 60. No. 2. P. 60-65

NUCLEAR MEDICINE

V.F. Demin^1,2, A.A. Antsiferova², Yu.P. Buzulukov², V.A. Demin^2,1, V.Yu. Soloviev¹

Nuclear Physical Method for the Detection of Chemical Elements in Biological and Other Samples Using Activation by Charged Particles*

1. A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of FMBA, Moscow, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. ; 2. National Research Center “Kurchatov Institute”, Moscow, Russia

* Applied research is carried out with financial support from the state on behalf of the Russian Ministry of Education and Science (RFMEFI60414X0114)

ABSTRACT

Purpose: To develop a method of radioactive tracers by the activation by charged particles for the studying quantitative content of chemical elements and nanoparticles in biological samples and in the environment.

Material and methods: Theoretical analysis and test experiment were carried out to study the possibility of using various nuclear methods for detection of chemical elements and nanoparticles in biological and other samples, using the activation of different isotopes by a charged particles flux. The characteristics of the products and the various nuclear reactions, taken from the IAEA’s nuclear databases, have been considered. The irradiation of natural isotopes of titanium by fast neutron flux produces radioactive isotopes ⁴⁶Sc and ⁴⁷Sc (with half-life T_1/2, respectively, equal to 83.8 and 3.35 days), by fast protons flux - ⁴⁸V (T_1/2 = 16 days) and by alpha-particles flux - ⁵¹Cr (T_1/2 = 27.7 days). The flux of fast protons after interaction with the natural isotopes of platinum mixture generates radioactive isotope ¹⁹⁵Au (T_1/2 = 186 days), with the isotopes of iron - ⁵⁶Co (T_1/2 = 77.7 days), with the isotopes of manganese - ⁵⁴Mn (T_1/2 = 312 days), with europium isotopes - ¹⁵¹Gd (T_1/2 = 124 days) and ¹⁵³Gd (T_1/2 = 241.6 days). We also consider the possibility of exposure to iron isotopes by fast deuterons flux with the formation of isotope ⁵⁶Co. All radioactive isotopes are gamma-emitters and are suitable for the measuring on gamma-spectrometers. Particular attention is paid to the detection of nanoparticles of titanium dioxide, which takes one of the first places in the list of priority nanomaterials. For estimate the proportion of silver nanoparticles or another nanoparticles passing through the blood-brain barrier, evaluation of the content of iron in the blood can give a key information.

Results: The use of such methods in addition to the traditional neutron activation analysis expands the list of chemical elements, which can be successfully detected by the nuclear activation. This expansion includes such elements as titanium, iron, platinum, manganese, europium and some others.

Key words: nuclear-physical methods, radioactive tracer, charged particles, biokinetics, laboratory animals, the environment, nanoparticles

REFERENCES

1. Demin V.A., Demin V.F., Buzulukov Yu.P. et. al. Formation of certified reference materials and standard measurement guides for development of traceable measurements of mass fractions and sizes of nanoparticles in different media and biological matrixes on the basis of gamma ray and optical spectroscopy. Nanotechnologies in Russia. 2013. Vol. 8. No. 5-6. P. 347-356.
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For citation: Demin VF, Antsifirova AA, Buzulukov YuP, Demin VA, Soloviev VY. FNuclear Physical Methods for the Detection of Chemical Elements in Biological and Other Samples Using Charged Particles Activation. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2015;60(2):60-5.

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Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2015. Vol. 60. No. 2. P. 66-81

REVIEW

Y.N. Korystov

The Analysis of Radiobiological Data for the Estimation of the Carcinogenic Risk from Low Radiation Doses

Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics of RAS, Pushchino, Moscow region, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.  

CONTENTS

1. Introduction

2. About experimental basis of linear-no-threshold dose dependence of stochastic effects of radiation

3. Transfer energy absorbed outside cell to target: the factors that can increase target volume and decrease the effective dose

3.1. Effect of irradiated medium

3.2. Bystander effect

4. Radiation induced genome instability

5. DNA reparation and elimination of mutated cells: the factors that can decrease the target volume and increase the effective dose

5.1. Role of DNA reparation in radiation carcinogenesis

5.2. Stimulation of anticancer immunity and apoptosis with low radiation doses

6. Dependence of stochastic effects of radiation on dose rate

7. Influence of low doses of ionizing radiation on carcinogenesis: experimental data

8. Conclusion

Key words: ionizing radiation, low doses, radiation-induced tumors

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For citation: Zakharov IS. The Analysis of Radiobiological Data for the Estimation of the Carcinogenic Risk from Low Radiation Doses. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2015;60(2):66-81. Russian.

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Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2015. Vol. 60. No. 2. P. 56-59

DIAGNOSTIC RADIOLODGY

I.S. Zakharov

Feature of Bone Densitometry in Postmenopausal Women

Kemerovo State Medical Academy, Kemerovo, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

ABSTRACT

Purpose: The comprehensive assessment of indicators of bone mineral density in postmenopausal women by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and quantitative computed tomography.

Material and methods: The study group comprised 210 women who are 50 years of age or older. Examinees were divided into four age groups: 50-59 (n = 73) 60-69 (n = 58), aged 70-79 years (n = 53), 80 years old and older (n = 26). The densitometry of the lumbar spine by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and quantitative computed tomography (QCT) were conducted) for all women with an interval of 1-2 weeks.

Results: In the group I (50-59) there were no significant differences in the incidence of osteoporosis during DXA and QCT (15.1 % and 20.5 % respectively, p = 0.1). Beginning with the group II (60-69 years)  QCT osteoporosis incidence was found much higher than in the dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (24.1 % - DXA and 44.8 % - QCT, p = 0.001). In the study of the relationship between the results of densitometry conducted by DXA and QCT, in all age groups a positive moderate correlation, but with increasing age of the coupling strength decreased revealed (I group: r = 0.68, p = 0.001; II group: r = 0.57, p = 0.001; III group: r = 0.40, p = 0.003; IV group: r = 0.40, p = 0.04).

Conclusions: With age increasing the discrepancy of densitometry results depending on the method used was observed. Taken into account that the DXA, the presence of degenerative processes of the spine, shows higher values of the BMD, women after 60 years of age are recommended densitometry by quantitative computed tomography to improve the quality of diagnosis of osteoporosis.

Key words: bone mineral density, dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, quantitative computed tomography, postmenopausal osteoporosis

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For citation: Zakharov IS. Feature of Bone Densitometry in Postmenopausal Women. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2015;60(2):56-9. Russian.

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