JOURNAL DESCRIPTION
The Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety journal ISSN 1024-6177 was founded in January 1956 (before December 30, 1993 it was entitled Medical Radiology, ISSN 0025-8334). In 2018, the journal received Online ISSN: 2618-9615 and was registered as an electronic online publication in Roskomnadzor on March 29, 2018. It publishes original research articles which cover questions of radiobiology, radiation medicine, radiation safety, radiation therapy, nuclear medicine and scientific reviews. In general the journal has more than 30 headings and it is of interest for specialists working in thefields of medicine¸ radiation biology, epidemiology, medical physics and technology. Since July 01, 2008 the journal has been published by State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency. The founder from 1956 to the present time is the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, and from 2008 to the present time is the Federal Medical Biological Agency.
Members of the editorial board are scientists specializing in the field of radiation biology and medicine, radiation protection, radiation epidemiology, radiation oncology, radiation diagnostics and therapy, nuclear medicine and medical physics. The editorial board consists of academicians (members of the Russian Academy of Science (RAS)), the full member of Academy of Medical Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, corresponding members of the RAS, Doctors of Medicine, professor, candidates and doctors of biological, physical mathematics and engineering sciences. The editorial board is constantly replenished by experts who work in the CIS and foreign countries.
Six issues of the journal are published per year, the volume is 13.5 conventional printed sheets, 88 printer’s sheets, 1.000 copies. The journal has an identical full-text electronic version, which, simultaneously with the printed version and color drawings, is posted on the sites of the Scientific Electronic Library (SEL) and the journal's website. The journal is distributed through the Rospechat Agency under the contract № 7407 of June 16, 2006, through individual buyers and commercial structures. The publication of articles is free.
The journal is included in the List of Russian Reviewed Scientific Journals of the Higher Attestation Commission. Since 2008 the journal has been available on the Internet and indexed in the RISC database which is placed on Web of Science. Since February 2nd, 2018, the journal "Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety" has been indexed in the SCOPUS abstract and citation database.
Brief electronic versions of the Journal have been publicly available since 2005 on the website of the Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety Journal: http://www.medradiol.ru. Since 2011, all issues of the journal as a whole are publicly available, and since 2016 - full-text versions of scientific articles. Since 2005, subscribers can purchase full versions of other articles of any issue only through the National Electronic Library. The editor of the Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety Journal in accordance with the National Electronic Library agreement has been providing the Library with all its production since 2005 until now.
The main working language of the journal is Russian, an additional language is English, which is used to write titles of articles, information about authors, annotations, key words, a list of literature.
Since 2017 the journal Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety has switched to digital identification of publications, assigning to each article the identifier of the digital object (DOI), which greatly accelerated the search for the location of the article on the Internet. In future it is planned to publish the English-language version of the journal Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety for its development. In order to obtain information about the publication activity of the journal in March 2015, a counter of readers' references to the materials posted on the site from 2005 to the present which is placed on the journal's website. During 2015 - 2016 years on average there were no more than 100-170 handlings per day. Publication of a number of articles, as well as electronic versions of profile monographs and collections in the public domain, dramatically increased the number of handlings to the journal's website to 500 - 800 per day, and the total number of visits to the site at the end of 2017 was more than 230.000.
The two-year impact factor of RISC, according to data for 2017, was 0.439, taking into account citation from all sources - 0.570, and the five-year impact factor of RISC - 0.352.
Issues journals
Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2025. Vol. 70. № 5
DOI:10.33266/1024-6177-2025-70-5-104-108
I.M. Lebedenko1, 2, E.O. Sannikova1, E.N. Shastina2, E.S. Rannev1
Assessment of the Uniformity of Dose Distribution in the Patient’s Body During Total Irradiation
1 N.N. Blokhin National Medical Research Center of Oncology, Moscow, Russia
2 National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow, Russia
Contact person: I. M. Lebedenko, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
ABSTRACT
Purpose: To evaluate the uniformity of dose distribution in the target (throughout the patient’s body) for 39 sick children during total body irradiation.
Material and methods: Total body irradiation (TBI) of 39 children with lymphoblastic leukemia was performed on the Clinac iX electron accelerator (Varian) with a photon radiation 6 MV. The field size at the diaphragm was 40 × 40 cm. The patient’s position from the isocenter of the accelerator is 550 cm. The single dose is 1,0 Gy, the total dose is 12,0 Gy. The number of fractions is 6. Irradiation was carried out behind plexiglas with protective cerrobend blocks on the lungs. To ensure uniformity of dose distribution, boluses of tissue-equivalent material were used.
The dose rate is low and ranges from 0,05 to 0,10 Gy/min, the calculation of irradiation plans is performed on the Eclipse (Varian) planning system. Irradiation is performed with two opposite wide fields with the patient in the lying on the right side position on the therapeutic table. Vacuum mattresses are used as a patient fixation device. A quantitative analysis of patient irradiation plans was carried out using dose–
volume histograms with the use of the homogeneity index HI and assessments of dose loads on critical structures (heart, lungs, kidneys, eye lenses).
Results: It is shown that for 96 % of patients, doses in all organs are distributed uniformly within a tolerance of 10 %, a similar picture is observed for a tolerance of 15 %. The dose homogeneity of the HI dose distribution within the target volume was estimated with and without taking into account boluses. In the presence of boluses, the average value of the homogeneity index HI is lower than in their absence. This means that the use of tissue-equivalent boluses contributes to an increase in the homogeneity of dose distribution and is absolutely justified.
Keywords: radiotherapy, children, total body irradiation, quantitative dose uniformity analysis
For citation: Lebedenko IM, Sannikova EO, Shastina EN, Rannev ES. Assessment of the Uniformity of Dose Distribution in the Patient’s Body During Total Irradiation. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2025;70(5):104–108. (In Russian). DOI:10.33266/1024-6177-2025-70-5-104-108
References
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10. Agarwal J.P, Chakraborty S, Laskar S.G, Mummudi N., Patil V.M., Upasani M., et al. Applying the QUARTZ Trial Results in Clinical Practice: Development of a Prognostic Model Predicting Poor Outcomes for Non-small Cell Lung Cancers with Brain Metastases. Clin. Oncol. 2018;30;6:382-390. doi: 10.1016/j.clon. 2018.02.002.
PDF (RUS) Full-text article (in Russian)
Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Financing. The work was carried out with the support of the NRC MEPhI Competitiveness Enhancement Program (Contract No. 02.a03.21.0005).
Contribution. M. Lebedenko: development of the research concept, writing of the article; E.O. Sannikova: selection of clinical material; E.N. Shastina: selection of clinical material, data processing, and drawing; E.S. Rannev: management of patients, outlining of critical structures.
Article received: 20.05.2025. Accepted for publication: 25.06.2025.
Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2025. Vol. 70. № 4
DOI:10.33266/1024-6177-2025-70-4-5-9
A.A. Melnikova1, 2, A.A. Afonin1, L.N. Komarova1, V.O. Saburov2
Investigation of the Combined Effect of Protons and the Chemotherapy Drug Doxorubicin on the Expression of BIRC5 (Survivin) Genes and PMAIP1 (Noxa) in MCF-7 Cells
1 National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Obninsk, Russia
2 A.F. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center, Obninsk, Russia
Contact person: A.A. Melnikova, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
ABSTRACT
Purpose: Analysis of PMAIP1 and BIRC5 gene expression in breast cancer cells after proton exposure, both as monotherapy and in combination with doxorubicin.
Material and methods: The object of the study was MCF-7 cells. Four study groups were formed: a group exposed to ionizing radiation; a group treated with doxorubicin; a group of combined exposure to ionizing radiation and doxorubicin; and an untreated control group. The cells were irradiated at the Prometheus proton radiation complex at the A.F. Tsyb MRSC, with a scanning proton beam at a dose of 4 Gy (proton energy of 100 MeV) in the center of the distributed Bragg peak. The cells were treated with the chemotherapy drug doxorubicin at a concentration of 0.004 mg/ml 24 hours before irradiation. Total RNA was isolated using an RNA Solo kit and quantified spectrophotometrically (NanoDrop ND-1000). Reverse transcription and amplification were performed simultaneously in real time using the OneTube RT-PCR kit with SYBR Green I as a fluorescent indicator.
Results: The analysis showed that doxorubicin suppresses the expression of BIRC5 (up to 0.02), which is consistent with its known apoptogenic activity. However, the combined effect of doxorubicin and radiation leads to an increase in BIRC5 expression (up to 0.63) and a simultaneous decrease in PMAIP1 expression (up to 0.0003). This indicates the launch of complex compensatory cell survival mechanisms aimed at suppressing apoptosis and enhancing DNA repair under conditions of combined cytotoxic stress. A less pronounced decrease in BIRC5 expression during ionizing radiation monotherapy (up to 0.16) compared with doxorubicin (0.02) is probably due to differences in the nature and kinetics of DNA damage induced by these agents. The data obtained indicate the nonlinear nature of the cellular response to combined exposure and emphasize the difficulty of predicting the effectiveness of combined radiotherapy.
Conclusion: The results demonstrate the antagonistic interaction of doxorubicin and ionizing radiation in the regulation of apoptosis in MCF-7 cells, emphasizing the need for further research to optimize combination cancer therapy.
Keywords: proton therapy, doxorubicin, combined action, Bcl-2 family proteins, MCF-7, BIRC5, PMAIP1
For citation: Melnikova AA, Afonin AA, Komarova LN, Saburov VO. Investigation of the Combined Effect of Protons and the Chemotherapy Drug Doxorubicin on the Expression of BIRC5 (Survivin) Genes and PMAIP1 (Noxa) in MCF-7 Cells . Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2025;70(4):5–9. (In Russian). DOI:10.33266/1024-6177-2025-70-4-5-9
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PDF (RUS) Full-text article (in Russian)
Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Financing. The study had no sponsorship.
Contribution. A.A. Melnikova – conducting experiments, developing a theoretical basis for research; A.A. Afonin – conducting experiments; L.N. Komarova – development of the research concept, scientific supervision; V.O. Saburov – conducting experiments.
Article received: 20.03.2025. Accepted for publication: 25.04.2025.
Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2025. Vol. 70. № 4
DOI:10.33266/1024-6177-2025-70-4-16-20
E.A. Mysina1, N.R. Popova1, A.E. Shemyakov1, 2, I.V. Savintseva1, N.N. Chukavin1, A.L. Popov1
Study of Proton Beam Influence on the Growth Dynamics and Viability of 3D Cell Spheroids Formed From 4T1 Carcinoma Cells
1 Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Pushchino, Russia
2 PTC LPI, Protvino, Russia
Contact person: A.L. Popov, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Abstract
Background: Proton therapy is considered one of the most promising methods in the treatment of complex localized tumors, but still has some shortcomings, which requires the development of new approaches to improve its effectiveness. One of the most promising approaches is the use of radiosensitizers that can enhance the radiation-induced effects of a proton beam. However, the use of 2D tumor cell models for screening potential radiosensitizers is insufficient for the effective translation of the experimental data to the in vivo level. 3D cellular spheroids are a convenient and relevant model for studying new approaches in the therapy of solid tumors, since they allow simulating the conditions of the microenvironment of tumor cells and simulating in vivo conditions, including the presence of an intercellular matrix and the formation of a certain zonality.
Purpose: To create an experimental model of a tumor spheroid based on 4T1 tumor cells irradiated with a proton beam for screening potential nanoradiosensitizers.
Material and methods: In vitro biological activity was assessed using a 4T1 cell line (mouse carcinoma) culture. The hanging drop method was used to form cell spheroids. The spheroids were irradiated with a proton beam at the Bragg peak on at a dose of 0–12 Gr using the “Prometheus” therapeutic proton complex . The clonogenic test was used to analyze the viability and mitotic activity of the cells after irradiation. The growth dynamics of irradiated 3D spheroids has been assessing by analyzing micromorphometry for 8 days after irradiation.
Keywords: cell spheroid, tumor model, hadron therapy, protons
For citation: Mysina EA, Popova NR, Shemyakov AE, Savintseva IV, Chukavin NN, Popov AL. Study of Proton Beam Influence on the Growth Dynamics and Viability of 3D Cell Spheroids Formed From 4T1 Carcinoma Cells. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2025;70(4):16–20. (In Russian). DOI:10.33266/1024-6177-2025-70-4-16-20
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PDF (RUS) Full-text article (in Russian)
Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Financing. The article was prepared within the framework of the Russian Science Foundation grant No. 22-73-10231, https://rscf.ru/project/22-73-10231 /.
Contribution. E.A. Mysina – work with spheroids (cultivation, irradiation, viability analysis), N.R. Popova – scientific text editing, A.E. Shemyakov – radiation and dosimetry at the proton therapeutic complex Prometheus, I.V. Savintseva – cell culture, N.N. Chukavin – scientific text editing, A.L. Popov – research design development, scientific guidance.
Article received: 20.03.2025. Accepted for publication: 25.04.2025.
Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2025. Vol. 70. № 4
DOI:10.33266/1024-6177-2025-70-4-10-15
D.V. Molodtsova1, 2, E.A. Kotenkova3, E.K. Polishchuk4, A.A. Osipov2,
D.V. Guryev1, A.K. Chigasova1, 2, 5, N.Yu. Vorobyeva1, 2, A.N. Osipov1, 2, 3
Sensitivity to Chemoradiation Effects of Human Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells Surviving Fractionated Irradiation with a Total Dose of 20 Gy
1 A.I. Burnazyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Moscow, Russia
2 N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Moscow, Russia
3 Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (National Research University), Moscow Region, Dolgoprudny, Russia
4 Experimental clinic and research laboratory for bioactive substances of animal origin, V.M. Gorbatov Federal Research Center for Food Systems, Moscow, Russia
5 N.M. Emanuel Institute for Biochemical Physics, Moscow, Russia
Contact person: D.V. Molodtsova, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To obtain human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells that survived and showed stable growth after fractionated exposure to X-rays at a total dose of 20 Gy and to evaluate their sensitivity to additional irradiation and cisplatin.
Material and methods: The NSCLC cell line A549 was used in the study, and it was irradiated in the fractionated mode (5 fractions of 4 Gy) to obtain a subline of surviving cells – A549IR. A549 and A549IR cells were subjected to testing exposure to X-rays or cisplatin. Then, proliferative activity, 2D migration capacity and the efficiency of DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair were analyzed using a quantitative assessment of residual foci of the γH2AX and 53BP1 proteins.
Results: The study yielded NSCLC cells that survived and showed stable growth after fractionated X-ray irradiation with a total dose of 20 Gy. The resulting A549IR cells had altered morphology, decreased proliferative activity, and increased migration capacity. Analysis of residual 53BP1 foci after test irradiation with a dose of 6 Gy indicates increased efficiency of repair of radiation-induced DNA DSBs. It was also found that A549IR cells are more resistant to cisplatin.
Conclusion: Overall, the study results show that combination CRT for the treatment of NSCLC should be prescribed with caution if studies based on the animal model support current conclusions. NSCLC cells that have survived IR exposure may acquire resistance to cisplatin. To select the appropriate therapy, it is important to assess both the existing radio- and chemo-resistance of tumor cells and their resistance to therapeutic effects that developed during treatment.
Keywords: NSCLC cells, Х-ray irradiation, сisplatin, γH2AX, 53BP1, residual foci, DNA double-strand breaks
For citation: Molodtsova DV, Kotenkova EA, Polishchuk EK, Osipov AA, Guryev DV, Chigasova AK, Vorobyeva NYu, Osipov AN. Sensitivity to Chemoradiation Effects of Human Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells Surviving Fractionated Irradiation with a Total Dose of 20 Gy. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2025;70(4):10–15. (In Russian). DOI:10.33266/1024-6177-2025-70-4-10-15
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PDF (RUS) Full-text article (in Russian)
Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Financing. The research was carried out with the support of the State Research Assignment cipher «Signal» (registration number in the EGISU R&D system: 123011200048-4).
Contribution. Writing: D.V. Molodtsova, A.N. Osipov; Experimental planning: D.V. Molodtsova, N.Yu. Vorobyeva, A.N. Osipov, D.V. Guryev; Experimental work: D.V. Molodtsova, N.Yu. Vorobyeva, E.A. Kotenkova, E.K. Polishchuk, A.A. Osipov, A.K. Chigasova; Vizualization: A.N. Osipov.
Article received: 20.03.2025. Accepted for publication: 25.04.2025.
Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2025. Vol. 70. № 4
DOI:10.33266/1024-6177-2025-70-4-21-24
V.Yu. Soloviev, A.Yu. Bushmanov, I.B. Ushakov, O.V. Nikitenko, T.M. Bychkova,
A.A. Ivanov , Yu.A. Fedotov, M.L. Ganzhelyuk, L.Yu. Mershin, A.S. Kretov,
T.I. Gimadova, Dmitrij M. Alekseev, Daniil M. Alekseev, A.N. Osipov
Experimental Study of Radioprotective Efficiency of Indralin
in Outbred Mice icr (cd-1) spf-Category Irradiation
with Pulsed Bremsstrahlung X-Rays in Ultra-High Dose Rate (flash) Mode
A.I. Burnazyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Moscow, Russia
Contact person: V.Yu. Soloviev, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To study the radioprotective efficacy of indralin when mice were irradiated with pulsed X-ray bremsstrahlung in the ultra-high dose rate (FLASH) mode.
Material and methods: Outbred ICR (CD-1) mice of the SPF category were used as the object of the study. All study groups were randomized by body weight at the preparatory stage. During the studies, a setup based on the ILU-14 pulsed linear resonance electron accelerator with a converter was used as a source of X-ray bremsstrahlung. The radiation dose was controlled by thermoluminescent dosimeters in the individual dosimetry mode. The 30-day survival of laboratory animals under conditions without the use of drugs and with the use of indralin, administered 15 minutes before irradiation, was considered as the effect under study. When assessing the dose–effect characteristic, two options were considered: peak dose rate of bremsstrahlung X-rays 12.5 Gy/s (normal mode) and 109–147 Gy/s (FLASH mode). The results of the dose–effect dependence with 80–90 % mortality of mice within 30 days were comparable. The effectiveness of the drug indralin was assessed in the FLASH mode (peak dose rate 147–153 Gy/s, average – 2.2–2.3 Gy/s). Irradiation of the control and study groups of animals was carried out simultaneously.
Results: The study revealed high protective efficacy of indralin when outbred ICR (CD-1) SPF mice were irradiated with pulsed X-ray bremsstrahlung in the ultra-high dose rate mode (FLASH) at a dose of 8.9 Gy, the 30-day survival rate in the control was 40 %, and when using indralin – 100 %; at a dose of 9.1 Gy, there were no surviving animals in the control, and when using indralin, the survival rate was 70 %.
Conclusion: Significant protective efficacy of indralin was demonstrated when mice were irradiated with pulsed bremsstrahlung X-rays in the FLASH mode.
Keywords: bremsstrahlung X-rays, ultra-high dose rate (FLASH), mice, 30-day survival, indralin
For citation: Soloviev VYu, Bushmanov AYu, Ushakov IB, Nikitenko OV, Bychkova TM, Ivanov AA, Fedotov YuA, Ganzhelyuk ML, Mershin LYu, Kretov AS, Gimadova TI, Alekseev Dmitrij M, Alekseev Daniil M, Osipov AN. Experimental Study of Radioprotective Efficiency of Indralin in Outbred Mice icr (cd-1) spf-Category Irradiation with Pulsed Bremsstrahlung X-Rays in Ultra-High Dose Rate (flash) Mode. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2025;70(4):21–24. (In Russian). DOI:10.33266/1024-6177-2025-70-4-21-24
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PDF (RUS) Full-text article (in Russian)
Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Financing. The study had no sponsorship.
Contribution. Article was prepared with equal participation of the authors.
Article received: 20.03.2025. Accepted for publication: 25.04.2025.