Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2025. Vol. 70. № 2

DOI:10.33266/1024-6177-2025-70-2-57-62

A.F. Bobrov, N.L. Proskuryakova, L.I. Fortunatova

Risks in the System “Human-Industrial Environment”:
Conceptual Model, Concept of Assessment and Management

A.I. Burnazyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Moscow, Russia

Contact person: N.L. Proskuryakova, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

ABSTRACT

Purpose: To develop a concept of medical and psychophysiological support for risk assessment and management in the Human-Industrial Environment (HIE) system. 

Material and methods: Generalization of literature data on riskology, theory and practice of professional risk assessment and management, theory of reliability of the human factor in socio-technical systems, as well as published results of own research.

Results: Using a systematic approach and the theory of riskology, the dangers to the functioning of the (HPS) system are considered. An employee, on the one hand, is at risk of losing his health due to the influence of harmful and/or dangerous production factors. On the other hand, he himself is a potential source of risk for the functioning of the Nuclear Plant (NP), the consequences of which can be, among other things, catastrophic. In the first case, the threat is production, the damage is the loss of health of the employee, in the second – the threat of the employee, the damage is the economic, social, political and other consequences of a man–made radiation accident. This is reflected in the proposed conceptual model of complex occupational risks, which takes into account both occupational and anthropogenic risks. The concept of a system for assessing and managing complex occupational risk has been developed, jointly implemented by occupational safety specialists of the NP and its medical organization. On the basis of a risk-based approach, the company’s specialists conduct a special assessment of working conditions and characteristics of professional adaptation of an employee, specialists of a medical organization assess the state of health according to periodic medical examinations. The assessment is carried out according to nosological (group of dispensary observation) and prenosological (level of psychophysiological adaptation) criteria. Anthropogenic risk is proposed to be assessed by the level of functional reliability of the employee through the professional and functional characteristics of the employee.

Conclusion: in the course of the conducted research, a conceptual model of risk formation in the HIE system has been developed and substantiated. A conceptual model for the formation of a complex occupational risk is proposed, combining the employee’s health risk and anthropogenic risk, as well as a risk-oriented approach to the creation of a professional risk assessment and management system concept. Its practical implementation will help to preserve the professional health of personnel and improve the safety of operation of nuclear energy facilities.

Keywords: nuclear energy facilities, risk management, conceptual model

For citation: Bobrov AF, Proskuryakova NL, Fortunatova LI. Risks in the System “Human-Industrial Environment”: Conceptual Model, Concept of Assessment and Management. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2025;70(2):57–62. (In Russian). DOI:10.33266/1024-6177-2025-70-2-57-62

References

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(In Russ.). doi: 10.25016/2541-7487-2019-0-2-05-16

11. Bobrov A.F., Bushmanov A.Yu., Sedin V.I., Shcheblanov V.Yu. Systematic Assessment of the Results of Psychophysiological Examinations. Meditsina Ekstremal’nykh Situatsiy = Medicine of Extreme Situations. 2015;3:13-19 (In Russ.).

12. Bobrov A.F., Sedin V.I., Shcheblanov V.Yu., Metlyayeva N.A., Kalinina M.Yu. Functional Reliability of an Employee in the Safety Assurance System for the Operation of Nuclear Facilities. Meditsinskaya Radiologiya i Radiatsionnaya Bezopasnost’ = Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2021;66;3:5-8 (In Russ.). doi: 10.12737/1024-6177-2021-66-3-5-8

13. Bushmanov A.Yu., Kalinina M.Yu., Shcheblanov V.Yu., Sedin V.I., Bobrov A.F., Fortunatova L.I. Funktsional’naya Nadozhnost’ v Sisteme Mediko-Psikhofiziologicheskogo Obespecheniya Rabotnikov ob”Yektov Ispol’zovaniya Atomnoy Energii = Functional Reliability in the System of Medical and Psychophysiological Support of Workers at Nuclear Facilities: Monograph. Moscow, FMBTS im. A.I.Burnazyana Publ., 2022. 92 p. (In Russ.).

 PDF (RUS) Full-text article (in Russian)

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Financing. The study had no sponsorship.

Contribution. Article was prepared with equal participation of the authors.

Article received: 20.12.2024. Accepted for publication: 25.01.2025.

Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2025. Vol. 70. № 2

DOI:10.33266/1024-6177-2025-70-2-71-74

D.E. Kalinkin^1, 2, I.V. Milto^1, 2, L.V. Smaglii^1, 2, G.V. Gorina¹,
O.V. Litvinova¹, Yu.A. Samoilova³, V.А. Avkhimenko³, R.M. Takhauov^1, 2

Characteristics of the Uranium Cohort of Personnel of the Radiochemical Production of the Siberian Chemical Plant

¹ Seversk Biophysical Research Center, Seversk, Russia

² Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia

³ Siberian Federal Scientific Clinical Center, Seversk, Russia

Contact person: D.E. Kalinkin, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. , This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Professional contact with uranium, which is the main raw material element in nuclear power, creates a risk of adverse effects for personnel in contact with it.

In order to study the effects of uranium compounds on the body of personnel at nuclear facilities, it is necessary to create cohorts of people engaged in work with this radionuclide.

Objective of the study: To form and describe a cohort of radiochemical production personnel of the Siberian Chemical Plant involved in work with uranium in the period 1953–2000.

Material and methods: The cohort was formed on the basis of information from the regional medical and dosimetric register, which contains information on all current and former employees of the Siberian Chemical Plant (about 65,000 people).

Results: A cohort of workers in the radiochemical production of the Siberian Chemical Plant who worked with uranium compounds in the period 1953–2000 was created and characterized. The cohort included 205 people (151 men and 54 women). Medical and dosimetric information about the individuals included in the cohort was entered into the created database of the personnel of the Siberian Chemical Plant involved in working with uranium compounds in the period 1953–2000. 

Conclusion: The formed cohort of workers in the radiochemical production of the Siberian Chemical Plant will allow studying the stochastic effects of uranium exposure on the body of workers who come into contact with uranium compounds as part of their professional activities (in particular, cancer incidence and mortality) and making scientifically substantiated conclusions regarding the role of this radionuclide in the occurrence of socially significant non-communicable diseases, primarily malignant neoplasms.

Keywords: uranium compounds, personnel of radiochemical production, occupation diseases

For citation: Kalinkin DE, Milto IV, Smaglii LV, Gorina GV, Litvinova OV, Samoilova YuA, Avkhimenko VА, Takhauov RM. Characteristics of the Uranium Cohort of Personnel of the Radiochemical Production of the Siberian Chemical Plant. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2025;70(2):71–74. (In Russian). DOI:10.33266/1024-6177-2025-70-2-71-74

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9. Richardson D.B., Rage E., Demers P.A., Do M.T., Fenske N., Deffner V., Kreuzer M., Samet J., Bertke S.J., Kelly-Reif K., Schubauer-Berigan M.K., Tomasek L., Zablotska L.B., Wiggins C., Laurier D. Lung Cancer and Radon: Pooled Analysis of Uranium Miners Hired in 1960 or Later. Environ Health Perspect. 2022;130;5:57010. doi: 10.1289/EHP10669. 

10. Rage E., Richardson D.B., Demers P.A., Do M.T., Fenske N., Kreuzer M., Samet J., Wiggins C., Schubauer-Berigan M.K., Kelly-Reif K., Tomasek L., Zablotska L.B., Laurier D. PUMA – Pooled Uranium Miners Analysis: Cohort Profile. Occup Environ Med. 2020;77;3:194–200. doi: 10.1136/oemed-2019-105981.

 PDF (RUS) Full-text article (in Russian)

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Financing. The research was carried out within the framework of the state assignment, the research topic is ‟Assessment of the radiation situation and the state of health of the personnel of the Siberian Chemical Plant involved in working with uranium compounds”.

Contribution. Research concept and design: Kalinkin D.E., Avkhimenko V.A., Takhauov R.M.; data collection: Samoilova Yu.A., Gorina G.V., Litvinova O.V.; analysis and interpretation of results: Kalinkin D.E., Smaglii L.V.; literature review: Kalinkin D.E.; preparation of draft manuscript: Kalinkin D.E., Milto I.V. All the authors reviewed the results and approved the final version of the manuscript.

Article received: 20.12.2024. Accepted for publication: 25.01.2025.

Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2025. Vol. 70. № 2

DOI:10.33266/1024-6177-2025-70-2-63-70

A.S. Samoilov, А.Yu. Bushmanov, A.R. Tukov, M.N. Ziyatdinov, M.Yu. Kalinina,
A.M. Mihajlenko, M.V. Kalinina, A.S. Kretov, M.G. Archegova

The Incidence of Occupational Diseases of Employees of Enterprises and Organizations of the Russian Nuclear Industry

A.I. Burnazyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Moscow, Russia

Contact person: A.R. Tukov, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

ABSTRACT

Purpose: Assessment of the incidence of occupational diseases (OD) of employees of enterprises and organizations of the Russian nuclear industry.

Material and methods: Work uses the information base of the Industrial Register of Persons with Occupational Diseases (ORPROFI), developed by A.I. Burnazyan FMBC of the FMBA of Russia and containing information on cases of occupational diseases of employees of enterprises and organizations serviced by healthcare institutions of the FMBA of Russia, including enterprises and organizations of the nuclear industry of Russia.

To process the results of the study, the statistical Excel software package was used, original programs were developed to calculate absolute and intensive indicators, the growth rate. The incidence OD was calculated per 10,000 employees.

Results: The assessment of the incidence of OD among employees of enterprises and organizations of the nuclear industry was carried out. The features of the structure of the registered OD of employees of enterprises and organizations of the nuclear industry, which differ from the structure of the OD of workers in other sectors of the economy, are established. An assessment of the dynamics of the incidence of OD for the period 2011–2023 was carried out.

Conclusion: In the group of employees of enterprises and organizations of the nuclear industry with registered OD for the period 2011–2023, the first rank place is occupied by persons in the age group of 50–59 years – 38.8 % (average age 54.4 ± 0.3). The proportion of people with two or more OD is 54.0 %. Diseases of the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue occupy the first rank in the structure of the incidence of OD (ICD 10: M00–M99.9) – 48.6 %, the second – injuries, poisoning and some other consequences of exposure to external causes (ICD 10: S00–T98) – 19.2 %, the third – malignant neoplasms (ICD 10: C00–D09.9) – 12.2 %. There was a sharp increase in the incidence of OD in 2011–2016. The dynamics of this epidemiological process of OD can be explained by the introduction of a system for correcting the accounting of employees with a diagnosed occupational disease. In the structure of harmful production factors in 2023, physical overloads and functional overstrain of individual organs and systems occupy the largest share – 53.4 %, in second place – the impact of physical factors – 40.0 %, in third place other factors – 6.7 %.

Keywords: morbidity, occupational diseases, nuclear industry, harmful production factors

For citation: Samoilov AS, Bushmanov АYu, Tukov AR, Ziyatdinov MN, Kalinina MYu, Mihajlenko AM, Kalinina MV, Kretov AS, Archegova MG. The Incidence of Occupational Diseases of Employees of Enterprises and Organizations of the Russian Nuclear Industry. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2025;70(2):63–70. (In Russian). DOI:10.33266/1024-6177-2025-70-2-63-70

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 PDF (RUS) Full-text article (in Russian)

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Financing. The study had no sponsorship.

Contribution. Article was prepared with equal participation of the authors.

Article received: 20.12.2024. Accepted for publication: 25.01.2025.

Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2025. Vol. 70. № 2

DOI:10.33266/1024-6177-2025-70-2-75-80

S.S. Silkin

Lung Cancer Incidence in the Southern Urals Population Exposed to Radiation Cohort

Ural Research Center for Radiation Medicine, Chelyabinsk, Russia

Contact person: Stanislav S. Silkin, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

ABSTRACT

Relevance: Malignant neoplasms of the bronchi and lungs are among the most common localizations both among the population of Russia and in the world as a whole. The main reasons are the deterioration of the environmental situation due to the active growth of “dirty” industries, as well as smoking of tobacco and nicotine-containing substances (the cause of 80 % of lung cancer cases).

The article presents the results of evaluation of lung cancer incidence rate in the population exposed to chronic radiation exposure as a result of the activities of the Production Association «Mayak» (the discharge of liquid radioactive waste into the Techa River in the early 1950s and the explosion in the storage facility in September 1957, which resulted in the formation of the East Urals Radioactive Trace).

Purpose: Analysis the incidence rates of lung cancer in the population included in the Southern Urals Population Exposed to Radiation cohort over a 65-year follow-up period (between 1956 and 2020). 

Material and methods: The study was conducted by cohort method. The cohort under study is the Southern Urals Population Exposed to Radiation. The cohort includes individuals exposed as a result of two radiation accidents in the Southern Urals in the mid-20th century. The size of the analytical cohort was 47,234 people. During the 65-year follow-up period, 852 cases of lung cancer were recorded in the cohort in the catchment area, with 1.3 million person-years at risk.

Results: Among members of the Southern Urals Population Exposed to Radiation cohort, an increase in lung cancer incidence rates was detected over time, as well as with increasing attained age and age at the onset of exposure. The incidence rate in men in the cohort was significantly higher than in women. A significantly higher incidence of lung cancer was noted in the Russian ethnic group relative to the Tatar and Bashkir ones. Smoking was shown to significantly increase the risk of lung cancer in the cohort.

Conclusion: Analysis of lung cancer incidence rates was carried out for the first time in this cohort. The findings will be used in future radiogenic risk analysis studies.

Keywords: Lung cancer, Southern Urals Population Exposed to Radiation Cohort, SUPER, incidence rates, exposed population, chronic exposure, the Techa River, East Urals Radioactive Trace, EURT

For citation: Silkin SS. Lung Cancer Incidence in the Southern Urals Population Exposed to Radiation Cohort. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2025;70(2):75–80. (In Russian). DOI:10.33266/1024-6177-2025-70-2-75-80

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Conflict of interest. The author declare no conflict of interest.

Financing. The work was carried out with the financial support of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia as part of the implementation of a state order on the topic ‟Risks of developing organ-specific neoplasms during chronic exposure in the Ural cohort of the emergency-exposed population”.

Contribution. S.S. Silkin – review of literary sources, analysis of morbidity rates, writing the text of the manuscript.

Article received: 20.12.2024. Accepted for publication: 25.01.2025.