Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2025. Vol. 70. № 2

Nina Aleksandrovna Koshurnikova
24.12.1926‒13.02.2025

 

On February 13, at the age of 98, a famous scientist, doctor of medical sciences, professor, honorary citizen of the city of Ozersk, Nina Aleksandrovna, passed away. She was born in Tomsk. During the difficult war years, she, like all her peers, worked in addition to studying at school (cleared railroad crossings). After graduating from the Novosibirsk Medical Institute in 1949, she worked as an obstetrician-gynecologist, head of the maternity ward at MSO-71 in the city of Chelyabinsk-40 (Chelyabinsk-65, now Ozersk). The workload was heavy, sometimes she had to be on duty in an ambulance for 2 days. From 1953 to 1956, Nina Aleksandrovna studied in clinical residency and graduate school at the Research Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology of the USSR Ministry of Health. After defending her PhD dissertation in 1958, she was assigned to Branch No. 1 of the Institute of Biophysics of the USSR Ministry of Health (since 2005, the South Ural Institute of Biophysics of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia), working her way up from junior to chief researcher. She is a highly qualified specialist in the field of occupational pathology and radiation epidemiology, and studied the remote effects of radiation exposure in an experiment, and then in epidemiological studies. She is the author and co-author of more than 230 scientific papers, including 5 monographs. Under her supervision and with her direct participation, topical important scientific and practical issues of occupational pathology were developed and resolved. The results of the research conducted under her supervision were used in the development of radiation safety standards and formed the basis of the federal law "On the social protection of citizens exposed to radiation due to the accident in 1957 at the Mayak production association and the discharge of radioactive waste into the Techa River." On the initiative of N.A. Koshurnikova and with her direct participation, in 1992, a radiation epidemiology laboratory was created at the Branch to study the effects of radiation exposure on the personnel of the Mayak Production Association and the population living in the zone of influence of the nuclear industry enterprise. The laboratory created a medical and dosimetric register of the Mayak Production Association personnel, a children's register for assessing the health status of the descendants of the 1st and 2nd generations of the enterprise personnel and the children's population of the city of Ozersk, located in the zone of influence of the Mayak Production Association, a register of cases of oncological diseases of the residents of the city of Ozersk, a register of liquidators of the 1957 accident. The results of scientific research carried out on these Registers are of exceptionally great scientific significance and were used in the development of radiation safety standards.

Nina Aleksandrovna paid much attention to young specialists; under her supervision, eight PhD theses and one doctoral dissertation were successfully defended. The contribution of Nina Aleksandrovna Koshurnikova in the difficult 90s for the enterprise is invaluable. Thanks to her ability to determine the main thing and not be afraid of difficulties, the Branch of the Institute of Biophysics was preserved. She was one of the first to establish joint scientific contacts with scientists from Japan, the USA, Germany, France and other countries. Nina Aleksandrovna is a recognized and deserved authority in the foreign scientific world. Scientific meetings, conferences, symposia abroad, as well as in Russia, were unthinkable without her active participation. N.A. Koshurnikova successfully combined her extensive scientific and pedagogical work with social activities - for many years she was a member of the City Trade Union Committee, a freelance lecturer at the Public University of the Trade Union Movement. The multifaceted scientific, organizational and social activities of N.A. Koshurnikova has been awarded state awards: the Order of the Red Banner of Labor, the Veteran of Labor medal, the Order of Merit for the Fatherland, IV degree, the Order of Pirogov, departmental badge - "Excellent in Healthcare", "Veteran of Nuclear Power and Industry"; the Academician A.I. Burnazyan badge, the Golden Cross of the Federal Medical and Biological Agency of Russia, honorary certificates of the Governor of the Chelyabinsk Region and the Federal Medical and Biological Agency. Laureate of the Chelyabinsk Region Governor's Prize. An inquisitive mind and inexhaustible vital energy allowed Nina Alexandrovna to pursue science, her favorite occupation throughout her life, until the age of 90.

In her free time, she loved to pick mushrooms, work on her garden plot, ski, and sail a yacht. Not indifferent to other people's problems, she tried to help everyone who turned to her for help. For us, Nina Alexandrovna is a legendary person.

 

 

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Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2025. Vol. 70. № 1

DOI:10.33266/1024-6177-2025-70-1-16-20

S.S. Sorokina¹, V.A. Pikalov², N.R. Popova¹

The Behavioral Effect of Low Dose Carbon Ions Irradiation on Mice in Short-Term Period

¹ Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Pushchino, Russia

² A.A. Logunov Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino, Russia

Contact person: N.R. Popova, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

 

ABSTRACT

The active introduction of ion therapy for the treatment of oncological diseases, as well as long-term plans for the exploration of deep space, where crews will be exposed to galactic radiation, the spectrum of which is dominated by protons and high-energy ions - carbon and iron, urgently pose the task of assessing the effect of ions on cognitive functions in order to increase the effectiveness of radiotherapy and ensure the safety of space flights.

Purpose: To study the effect of a therapeutic beam of carbon ions with an energy of 450 MeV/n at the Bragg peak at a dose of 0.7 Gy on the behavior of laboratory mice in the early period after irradiation.

Material and methods: Experiments were carried out on 2-month-old male mice of the SHK (28–32 g.). Before irradiation, the animals were placed on a platform in special containers. Irradiation with a uniform beam of carbon ions with an energy of 450 MeV/n in the Bragg peak at a dose of 0.7 Gy, formed by a “wobbler” magnet, was carried out in the U-70 RBS Collective Use Center (Protvino). Two days after irradiation, the following set of methods was used to assess the general activity, spatial learning, long-term and short-term hippocampus-dependent memory of mice: “open field”, Barnes maze and a novel object recognition test.

Results: It was found that mice whole-body irradiated with a therapeutic beam of carbon ions at a dose of 0.7 Gy do not significantly exhibit an altered model of locomotor and psychoemotional behavior, but they show a deterioration in the memory trace on the 3rd day after training and a violation of episodic memory in the novel object recognition test.

Conclusion: The obtained results complement the accumulating literature data on the effects of low doses of heavy charged particles, and in particular accelerated carbon ions, on the cognitive abilities and behavior of laboratory animals, emphasizing the need to evaluate the observed effects dynamically after exposure.

Keywords: hadron therapy, carbon ions, low doses, behavior, cognitive deficit, radiation safety, mice

For citation: Sorokina SS, Pikalov VA, Popova NR.The Behavioral Effect of Low Dose Carbon Ions Irradiation on Mice in Short-Term Period. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2025;70(1):16–20. (In Russian). DOI:10.33266/1024-6177-2025-70-1-16-20

 

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11. Belyaeva A.G., Shtemberg A.S., Nosovsky A.M., Vasil’eva O.N., Gordeev Yu.V., Kudrin V.S., Narkevich V.B., Krasavin E.A., Timoshenko G.N., Lapin B.A., Bazyan A.S. Effect of High-Energy Protons and ¹²C Carbon Ions on the Cognitive Functions of Monkeys and the Content of Monoamines and their Metabolites in Peripheral Blood. Neurochemistry. 2017;34;1:1–9.

 

 

 PDF (RUS) Full-text article (in Russian)

 

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Financing. The article was prepared as part of the state assignment of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation (No. FFRS-2024-0019, ITEB RAS).

Contribution. S.S. Sorokina – development of the research design, conducting the experiment, writing the text of the article; V.A. Pikalov – ensuring the work and conducting an irradiation session at the RBS U-70 Central Research Laboratory (Protvino); N.R. Popova – collection and analysis of literary material, scientific editing of the text, scientific guidance.

Article received: 20.10.2024. Accepted for publication: 25.11.2024.

 

 

Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2025. Vol. 70. № 1

DOI:10.33266/1024-6177-2025-70-1-5-15

L.A. Romodin¹, A.A. Moskovskij^{1, 4}, O.V. Nikitenko^{1, 2}, T.M. Bychkova^{1, 2},
E.D. Rodionova^{1, 3}, O.M. Tyukalova¹

Evaluation of the Protective Effect of the Combined Use of Certain Natural Substances in Acute Exposure to Ionizing Radiation by Mice Physiological Parameters

¹ A.I. Burnazyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Moscow, Russia

² Institute of Biomedical Problems, Moscow, Russia

³ D. I. Mendeleev Russian University of Chemical Technology, Moscow, Russia

⁴ National Research Nuclear University MEPhI, Moscow, Russia

Contact person: L.A. Romodin, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

 

ABSTRACT

Relevance: Due to the high chemical toxicity of effective radioprotectors and the low radioprotective effect of low-toxic compounds, the use of several substances as part of a single therapeutic regimen for the treatment of radiation sickness seems promising.

Purpose: Evaluate the radioprotective effect of several therapeutic regimens using different substances on a number of physiological parameters in male ICR (CD-1) mice acutely exposed to X-ray radiation at a dose of 6.5 Gy.

Material and methods: The regimens studied included the use of riboxin (inosine), phenylephrine, glutathione, copper chlorophyllin, two forms of vitamin E (tocopherol, trolox), ascorbic acid and granulocyte stimulating factor (G-CSF) in the form of pegfilgrastim. Efficacy was assessed based on hematological parameters, the content of thiobarbiturate-reactive products in the liver, changes in the weight of the liver, thymus and spleen 4 days or 7 days after irradiation.

Results: Among the parameters assessed, the most striking picture was given by the level of leukocytes in the blood of mice 4 and 7 days after irradiation. None of the schemes used returned this indicator to the vivar control level. The most pronounced increase in the content of leukocytes, compared with the irradiated control group, was observed in mice that were administered phenylephrine before irradiation, 30 minutes after irradiation – glutathione, the next day – tocopherol and G-CSF, followed by daily administrations of G-CSF. At the same time, in the case of joint administration of copper chlorophyllin with G-CSF, the protective effect completely disappeared, and the general condition of the mice became worse than in the irradiated control group. That is, G-CSF is not compatible with copper chlorophyllin. The result also occurred in the group that received tocopherol, glutathione and ascorbic acid on the day of irradiation, a day later – only glutathione, and after 2, 3 and 4 days – copper chlorophyllin. Only in this group was there a correction of thrombocytopenia, which occurred one week after irradiation. The deterioration of the condition of the mice, up to the death of some animals in the group, was caused by intragastric administration of riboxin 1, 2, 3 and 4 days after irradiation.

Сonclusions: The results of the work update research into the possibility of treating radiation sickness using several substances with a mandatory study of the effects of their pharmacological interactions. Growth factors and low molecular weight compounds with sulfhydryl groups seem to us to be the most promising.

Keywords: X-ray radiation, acute exposure, radioprotective substances, combined use, mice 

For citation: Romodin LA, Moskovskij AA, Nikitenko OV, Bychkova TM, Rodionova ED, Tyukalova OM. Evaluation of the Protective Effect of the Combined Use of Certain Natural Substances in Acute Exposure to Ionizing Radiation by Mice Physiological Parameters. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2025;70(1):5–15. (In Russian). DOI:10.33266/1024-6177-2025-70-1-5-15

 

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 PDF (RUS) Full-text article (in Russian)

 

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Financing. The research was carried out at the expense of a grant from the Russian Science Foundation No. 23-24-00383, https://rscf.ru/project/23-24-00383 /.

Contribution. Article was prepared with equal participation of the authors.

Article received: 20.10.2024. Accepted for publication: 25.11.2024.

 

 

 

Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2025. Vol. 70. № 1

DOI:10.33266/1024-6177-2025-70-1-21-29

A.V. Gutnov¹, O.V. Belov², G.S. Kachmazov¹, T.T. Magkoev¹,
N.R. Popova³, N.E. Pukhaeva ^{1, 2}

The Effect of Heavy Ion Irradiation on the Metabolism of Technologically and Biologically Significant Microorganisms: Biotechnological Prospects of Application

¹ North Ossetian State University, Vladikavkaz, Russia

² Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia

³ Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Biophysics, Pushchino, Russia

Contact person: A.V. Gutnov, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

 

ABSTRACT

Purpose: To review the literature on the use of heavy ion beam mutagenesis for selecting various microorganisms, including bacteria, fungi, yeast, and microalgae, for biotechnological purposes.

Material and methods: Data have been collected over the past 15 years on the metabolic effects of mutants exposed to heavy ions, biotechnologically significant microbiological objects (bacteria, fungi, algae).

Results and discussion: The biotechnological and genetic significance, as well as the morphological and other aspects of the detected changes in mutant microbiological objects, are discussed. Currently, heavy ion irradiation-induced mutagenesis with high linear energy transfer and biological efficiency is recognized as a powerful new method for creating microbial strains with previously unknown properties. We believe that targeted breeding using heavy ion mutagenesis will make a significant contribution to the development of industrial producer strains for biotechnology.

Conclusion: The studies discussed in this review indicate that the use of ion beam mutagenesis for microorganisms can be beneficial for both fundamental science and applied research.

Keywords: biotechnology, microorganisms, metabolism, mutagenesis, heavy ion irradiation

For citation: Gutnov AV, Belov OV, Kachmazov GS, Magkoev TT, Popova NR, Pukhaeva NE. The Effect of Heavy Ion Irradiation on the Metabolism of Technologically and Biologically Significant Microorganisms: Biotechnological Prospects of Application. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2025;70(1):21–29. (In Russian). DOI:10.33266/1024-6177-2025-70-1-21-29

 

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Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Financing. The work was performed within the framework of the state assignment of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation for the ARIADNA collaboration of the NICA complex (FEFN-2024-0002, FFRS-2024-0019 and FEFN-2024-0006).

Contribution. Article was prepared with equal participation of the authors.

Article received: 20.10.2024. Accepted for publication: 25.11.2024.