Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2022. Vol. 67. № 4

Effect of Dose Uncertainty on the Assessment of Radiation Risks of Solid Cancer Incidence
in a Cohort of Russian Participants in the Elimination of the Consequences of the Accident
at the Chernobyl NPP

V.K. Ivanov, S.Yu. Chekin, M.A. Maksioutov, A.I. Gorski, S.V.Karpenko , K.A. Tumanov, V.V. Kashcheev, A.M. Korelo,
E.V. Kochergina

Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Center, Obninsk, Russia
Contact person: Sergei Yurievich Chekin, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

ABSTRACT
Purpose: Investigation of the influence of the possible uncertainty of exposure doses of Russian participants in the liquidation of the consequences of the Chernobyl accident on the assessment of radiation risks of the incidence of solid cancer in this cohort.
Material and methods: Epidemiological and dosimetric data on a cohort of Russian participants in the liquidation of the consequences of the accident at the Chernobyl NPP, registered in the National Radiation and Epidemiological Register (NRER), are used as initial data for assessing radiation risks. The assessment of radiation risks is carried out by the statistical method of maximum likelihood in the framework of a linear non-threshold model of excess relative risk. Uncertainties in the liquidator’s exposure dose in the adopted risk assessment method are considered in the form of two error models. Dose estimates based on data from individual dosimeters are characterized by a classical model of measurement errors. In the case of estimates of unknown individual doses from group dosimetry data or group route doses, the Berkson assignment error model is used.
Results: A method for assessing radiation risks has been developed, accounting for the uncertainty in dose estimates, based on the observed likelihood function. When taking into account the uncertainty of estimates of individual doses in the cohort of Russian liquidators, the estimate of the coefficient of the excess relative rate per dose unit (ERR/Gy) for the incidence of solid malignancies decreases by 7%, compared with the estimate obtained directly from the doses registered in the NRER database. The ERR/Gy estimate derived from the doses recorded in the NRER database was 0.69 with a 95% confidence interval (CI) of 0.37–1.04. The estimate of ERR/Gy, obtained accounting for the uncertainty in estimates of individual doses of liquidators, was 0.64 at 95% CI (0.33–0.98). This estimate bias is not significant, since it is within 95% CI for both ERR/Gy estimates, the statistical range of which is of the order of magnitude of the estimates themselves.
Conclusions: Considering the uncertainty of individual dose estimates in the cohort of Russian liquidators, the estimate of the excess relative rate per dose unit (ERR/Gy) for the incidence of solid cancer does not statistically significantly differ from the estimate obtained directly from the doses registered in the NRER database. The bias in the estimate of the radiation risk coefficient observed, due to the dose uncertainty introduced into the calculation, is due to the statistical properties of the traditional radiation risk models used for radiation epidemiology. The results obtained confirm the high stability and validity of the radiation risk assessments obtained earlier from the doses registered in the NRER for the Russian cohort of Chernobyl liquidators. Further research will allow generalization of the developed method for assessing radiation risks, accounting for the uncertainty of dose estimates, based on the observed likelihood function, to other types of radiation epidemiological risk studies, including case-control and case-cohort studies.

Keywords: radiation risk, incidence, solid cancer, linear non-threshold risk model, liquidators of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant, external dose, dose uncertainty, bias in the estimate of radiation risk

For citation: Ivanov VK, Chekin SYu, Maksioutov MA, Gorski AI, Karpenko SV, Tumanov KA, Kashcheev VV, Korelo AM, Kochergina EV. Effect of Dose Uncertainty on the Assessment of Radiation Risks of Solid Cancer Incidence in a Cohort of Russian Participants in the Elimination of the Consequences of the Accident at the Chernobyl NPP. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2022;67(4):36-41. DOI: 10.33266/1024-6177-2022-67-4-36-41

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 PDF (RUS) Full-text article (in Russian)

 

Конфликт интересов. Авторы заявляют об отсутствии конфликта интересов.
Финансирование. Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки.
Участие авторов. Cтатья подготовлена с равным участием авторов. 
Поступила: 15.03.2022. Принята к публикации: 11.05.2022. 

 

 

Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2022. Vol. 67. № 4

Transmission of Radiation-Induced Genome Instability
from Irradiated Parents to their Offspring

D.S. Oslina, V.L. Rybkina, T.V. Azizova

Southern Urals Biophysics Institute, Ozyorsk, Chelyabinsk region, Russia

Contact person: Oslina Darja Sergeevna, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. , This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

Abstract

Numerous studies allow to suppose a transmission of radiation-induced genome instability from irradiated parents to their offspring on cell, chromosome and molecular genetic level. This review focuses on transmission of radiation-induced genome instability from irradiated parents to their offspring. Data of genome instability in animal experiments and in offspring of occupationally exposed human or human exposed in a radiation accident, and in offspring of parents exposed to radiotherapy are reviewed. The possible mechanisms of lineage transmission of genome instability are discussed. High dose irradiation can lead to DNA damage, changes in methylation patterns and miRNAs expression in parents and their offspring and result in mutations, chromosome aberration and destabilization of genome. Non-coding RNAs (miRNA, piRNA, nsRNA) are supposed to contribute to transgenerational effects, since they can target genes, change chromatin structure and disregulate gene expression.

Keywords: ionizing radiation, transgenerational effects, genetic effects, epigenetic effects

For citation: Oslina DS, Rybkina VL, Azizova TV. Transmission of Radiation-Induced Genome Instability from Irradiated Parents to their Offspring. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2022;67(4):10-18. DOI: 10.33266/1024-6177-2022-67-4-10-18

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 PDF (RUS) Full-text article (in Russian)

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Financing. The study had no sponsorship.

Contribution. Article was prepared with equal participation of the authors.

Article received: 15.03.2022.  Accepted for publication: 11.05.2022

 

 

Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2022. Vol. 67. № 4

Peculiarities of Human Tumor HeLa Cells Surviving and Giving
a Stable Growth After Acute X-ray Irradiation

D.V. Guryev1, 2, A.A. Tsishnatti1, 3, S.M. Rodneva1, Yu.A. Fedotov1, 2,
D.V. Molodtsova1, T.M. Blokhinа1, 2, E.I. Yashkina1, 2,
A.N. Osipov1, 2 

¹A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Moscow, Russia

²N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Moscow, Russia

³National Research Nuclear University MEPHI, Moscow, Russia

Contact person: D.V. Guryev, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

ABSTRACT

Purpose: The evaluation of the repair efficiency of DNA double-strand breaks (DSB), proliferative activity and the yield of cytogenetic disorders in human tumor HeLa cells which survived and gave stable growth after acute irradiation at a dose of 15 Gy.

Material and methods: HeLa human tumor cell line (cervical carcinoma) was used. Cells were irradiated on an X-ray biological installation RUST-M1 (Russia), equipped with two X-ray emitters, at a dose rate of 0.85 Gy / min, a voltage of 200 kV, a total current of 10 mA, and a 1.5 mm Al filter. To obtain clones of surviving cells (HeLaRR), after acute irradiation at a dose of 15 Gy, cell cultures were incubated under standard CO₂ incubator conditions (37 °C, 5 % CO₂) for several weeks until well proliferating cells were obtained. Immunocytochemical staining of the foci of the phosphorylated H2AX protein (γH2AX) was used to quantitatively evaluate the residual foci of DNA DSB repair. The micronuclei number was assessed in cytochalasin-B cytokinesis-blocked binucleated cells stained with acridine orange with luminescence microscopy. The doubling time of the cell population was analyzed by the cell growth curves obtained by daily cell counting for five days. The cell cycle stages distribution was assessed by flow cytometry using the propidium iodide dye. All quantitative indicators of the studies were processed using the Student’s t-test for independent samples and the Kolmogorov – Smirnov test.

Results: It was revealed that acute irradiation at a high dose leads to the selection of cells with a higher reparative capacity which is confirmed by the low yield of residual foci of DNA DSB repair and MN after testing irradiation at doses of 5 and 10 Gy. A significant decrease in the proliferative activity of cells that survived after acute X-ray irradiation at a dose of 15 Gy was revealed. The doubling time of the population of unirradiated cells at the stage of exponential growth was ~18 hours while for cells that survived after irradiation at a dose of 15 Gy ~42 hours. A change in the cell cycle phases distribution was observed.

Conclusion: Thus, acute irradiation at a high dose leads to the selection of cells with a higher reparative capacity which is confirmed by the low yield of residual γH2AX foci and MN after testing irradiation at doses of 5 and 10 Gy. The decrease in proliferative activity was accompanied by a change in the cell cycle phases distribution.

Keywords: HeLa, γH2AX, micronuclei, proliferation, residual foci, DNA double-strand breaks, Х-ray

For citation: Guryev DV, Tsishnatti AA, Rodneva SM, Fedotov YuA, Molodtsova DV, Blokhinа TM, Yashkina E.I., Osipov AN. Peculiarities of Human Tumor HeLa Cells Surviving and Giving a Stable Growth After Acute X-ray Irradiation. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2022;67(4):5–9. (In Russian). DOI:10.33266/1024-6177-2022-67-4-5-9

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 PDF (RUS) Full-text article (in Russian)

Conflict of interest. All authors made the same contribution to the conception, design, conduction, date analysis of the investigation and the creation of the text of the article.

Financing. The work was conducted by the research state task «Development of approaches to reduce the radioresistance of tumor stem cells» (АААА-А19-119122000097-6).

Contribution. Article was prepared with equal participation of the authors.

Article received: 17.01.2022. Accepted for publication: 15.03.2022.

 

Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2022. Vol. 67. № 4

Hygienic Aspects of Special Assessment of Working Conditions with Ionizing Radiation Sources

N.L. Proskuryakova,  A.V. Simakov, Yu.V. Abramov

A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Moscow, Russia.

Contact person: Proskuryakova Natalia Leonidovna, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

ABSTRACT

Purpose: Substantiation of hygienic approaches to assessing the working conditions of personnel when working with sources of ionizing radiation.

Material and methods: The article considers one of the most important components of the complex of measures to solve the problem of ensuring radiation safety – conducting a special assessment of the working conditions (SAWC) of workers exposed to radiation from ionizing radiation sources (IRS) in the course of production activities. The issues of assessing occupational risks for workers in working conditions when working with IRS at nuclear energy use facilities are touched upon.

Results: At present, the Procedure for conducting the SAWC is determined by Federal Law No. 426-FZ dated December 28, 2013 «On special assessment of working Conditions» and the Methodology for conducting a special assessment of working conditions (approved by the order of the Ministry of Labor of the Russian Federation dated November 14, 2016, No. 642n). The established procedure for carrying out the SAWC is based on the hygienic criteria for the classification of working conditions defined by the Guidelines P 2.2.2006-05 and P 2.6.5.07–2019. Working conditions when working with ionizing radiation sources, unlike the effects of other harmful production factors, are characterized by the presence of harmful production factors that do not exceed hygienic standards, and the degree of harmfulness of working conditions is determined not so much by the severity of threshold deterministic effects in workers when irradiating individual organs, but primarily by an increase in the risk of stochastic non-threshold effects.

Conclusion: When conducting the SAWC of workers exposed to radiation from ionizing radiation sources in the course of production activities, it is necessary to take into account the following distinctive characteristics of the effects of ionizing radiation:

– in contrast to the principles of classification of working conditions set out in P 2.2.755-99 and Federal Law No. 426-FZ, when working with IRS, harmful working conditions are characterized by the presence of production factors that do not exceed hygienic standards;

– when working with ionizing radiation sources, the degree of harmfulness of working conditions is determined not only by the severity of the manifestation of threshold deterministic effects in workers, but mainly by an increase in the risk of stochastic threshold-free effects;

– the correct conduct of the SAWC and assessment of working conditions according to the indicators of harmfulness and danger when working with IRS are a prerequisite for the quantitative assessment of the occupational risk of employees of the nuclear energy use facilities.

Keywords: working environment, special assessment, hygiene criteria, radiation safety, ionizing radition, occupational risks

For citation: Proskuryakova NL, Simakov AV, Abramov YuV. Hygienic Aspects of Special Assessment of Working Conditions with Ionizing Radiation Sources. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2022;67(4):19-23. DOI: 10.33266/1024-6177-2022-67-4-19-23

References

1. Manual R 2.2.2006-05. Guidelines for the hygienic assessment of factors  of the working environment and the labor process. Criteria and classification of working conditions (In Russian).

2. Manual R 2.2/2.6.1.1195–03. Hygienic criteria for assessing working conditions and classification of workplaces when working with ionizing radiation sources (In Russian).

3. Manual R 2.6.5.07-2019. Hygienic criteria for special assessment and classification of working conditions when working with ionizing radiation sources (In Russian).

4. SanPiN 2.6.1.2523-09. Radiation Safety Standards (NRB-99/2009) M. 2009 (In Russian)).

5. Simakov A.V., Kochetkov O.A., Abramov Yu.V. Scientific  substantiation of hygienic criteria of working environment   assessment regarding ionizing radiation sources interaction / in Proceedings Int. Conf. “Current issues of radiation hygiene», 2004, St.-Petersburg, p. 36-38.

6. Simakov A.V., Abramov Yu.V. Assessment and classification of working environment regarding ionizing radiation sources interaction/ in Anniversary Proceedings  « 50 years Head CSSES of  Federal department «Medbioekstrem».,2004, M., p.164-169;

7. Simakov A.V., Abramov Yu.V. Certification of workplaces regarding ionizing radiation sources interaction. Proceedings Materials of the X Russian Congress of Hygienists and Sanitary Doctors. 2007. book II, p. 1253-1256. 

 PDF (RUS) Full-text article (in Russian)

Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.

Financing. The study had no sponsorship.

Contribution. Article was prepared with equal participation of the authors.

Article received: 18.01.2022.  Accepted for publication: 11.05.2022