Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2015. Vol. 60. No. 5. P. 31-39

RADIATION EPIDEMIOLOGY

E.I. Rabinovich, V.F. Obesnyuk, S.V. Povolotskaja, S.N. Sokolova, V.A. Turdakova

Impact Assessment of Carcinogenic Factors on the Atrophic Gastritis in the Cohort of Workers of the Nuclear Facility

Southern Urals Biophysics Institute, Ozyorsk, Chelyabinsk Region, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

ABSTRACT

Purpose: Research of exogenous and endogenous risk factors of atrophic gastritis (AG) appearing among the workers of atomic enterprise “Mayak”.

Material and methods: 542 individuals were enrolled into research, 438 of them are workers of “Mayak”. The main health hazards for the “Mayak” personnel are possible long-term external γ-exposure and (or) internal exposure with α-particles, as well as the effects of ecotoxic chemicals. The control group consisted of 104 individuals never exposed to any occupational factors. Functional status of the stomach was investigated by GastroPanel test-system (Biohit, Finland). Assessment of statistical significance of the differences was performed on χ² statistics calculating the p-value as well as applying contingency tables with further calculations of relative risk.

Results and conclusions: According to the results the incidence of atrophic gastritis among Mayak PA workers exceeded those among the individuals never exposed to harmful occupational factors (14.8 % against 4.8 %; p < 0.05). Statistical analysis showed that both occupational and non-occupational factors affect the development of AG. Thus, a significant increase of relative risk of atrophic gastritis was stated in relation to external exposure with doses equal to 150 mGy and higher (RR = 3.62, 90 % CI 1.53-9.12) in relation to influence of inorganic compounds (RR = 1.58 , 90 % CI 1.04-2.33). Family anamnesis of stomach cancer (RR = 2.27, 90 % CI 1.29-3.57), non-ulcerous gastritis (RR = 1.68, 90 % CI 1.08-2.5), female gender (RR = 1.53, 90 % CI 1.05-2.21) had predisposing influence on development of AG. At the same time a statistically significant deterrent effects for development of AG was detected for smoking factor (RR = 0.51, 90 % CI 0.31-0.78). The data obtained are of great importance, and the question on purposeful detection of AG among the workers exposed to occupational radiation and chemical factors arises. Taking into account the effects of non-occupational carcinogenic factors an elaboration of an individual program of cancer prevention appears.

Key words: radiation exposure, carcinogenic factors, gastric cancer, atrophic gastritis, “Gastro Panel”

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For citation: Rabinovich EI, Obesnyuk VF, Povolotskaja SV, Sokolova SN, Turdakova V.A. Impact Assessment of Carcinogenic Factors on the Atrophic Gastritis in the Cohort of Workers of the Nuclear Facility. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2015;60(5):31-9. Russian.

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Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2015. Vol. 60. No. 5. P. 12-24

RADIATION SAFETY

A.V. Akleyev^1,2, V.K. Ivanov³, T.G. Sazykina⁴, S.M. Shinkarev⁵

Consequences of the Nuclear Accident at the “Fukushima-1” NPP (Overview Issued by the UNSCEAR in 2013)

1. Urals Research Center for Radiation Medicine FMBA, Chelyabinsk, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. ; 2. Chelyabinsk State University, Chelyabinsk, Russia; 3. A.F. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre, Obninsk, Russia; 4. Research and Production Association “Typhoon”, Obninsk, Russia; 5. A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of FMBA, Moscow, Russia

ABSTRACT

The UNSCEAR has recently summarized the overview data on the levels of radiation impacts resulting from the accident at the “Fukushima-1” NPP in 2011 and 2012, as well as on the risk of the development of radiation effects on human health and the impacts on the biota. In the annex to the overview, the dose estimates and the health effects for different population groups in Japan and, to a lesser degree, in the neighboring countries are presented. The Committee has analyzed a multitude of data sets provided by the official state organizations of Japan and other countries, and also the international organizations (IAEA, WHO, and other), on the levels of radiation exposure and deposition of the radioactive matter in each of the Japanese prefectures, concentrations of radionuclides in food products, exposures of the population and workers. In the process of the preparation of the overview, the Committee used the data and the literature published before October 2012. The overview also contains a chronological description of events at the Fukushima-1 NPP, including the events unfolding at the power plant; classification of the releases of radioactive materials into the atmosphere and the ocean; the measures taken for protection of the workers and the population from radiation exposures; estimation of exposure doses received by the population over the first year after the accident, prognosis for dose formation during the next ten years and throughout life; estimation of doses for workers engaged in the elimination of the consequences of the accident and in the clean-up operations during the period from March 11, 2011, and from October 31, 2012; a description of the health outcomes; assessment of exposure doses and effects on the biota inhabiting the terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems (fresh water and sea water).

Key words: nuclear power plant, Fukushima-1, releases, doses, biological effects, biota

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For citation: Akleyev AV, Ivanov VK, Sazykina TG, Shinkarev S.M. Consequences of the Nuclear Accident at the “Fukushima-1” NPP (Overview Issued by the UNSCEAR in 2013). Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2015;60(5):12-24. Russian.

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Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2015. Vol. 60. No. 5. P. 25-30

RADIATION SAFETY

R.M. Alexakhin

Radioecological Aspects of the Nuclear Accident at the “Fukushima-1” NPP

Russian Institute of Radiology and Agroecology, Obninsk, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

ABSTRACT

The estimation of the effects on biota of ionizing radiation caused by environmental radionuclides is one of the key radioecological problems in the area of the “Fukushima-1” NPP accident on 11 March 2011. In the “Fukushima-1” NPP accident area two groups of assessments of potential effects of radioactive contamination on different species of terrestrial biota in the first two years following radioactive fallout have been performed: 1) direct experimental study of possible radiation effects in natural conditions, 2) determination of ionizing radiation effects based on the use of models of radionuclide transport in the environment and their accumulation in plants and animals, as well as, the application of the absorbed dose rates estimations with their subsequent comparison to the threshold values for these parameters. The conclusion has been reached that no ecological shifts at the level of terrestrial ecosystem alterations and disturbances of interrelationships between populations have been statistically significantly and unambiguously revealed even at the highest densities of contamination. Some species of terrestrial biota showed only insignificant variations (mainly of a cytogenetic nature) eliminable at later stages of the post accidental period.

Key words: radiation accidents, nuclear power plant, Fukushima-1, terrestrial environment, radioactive contamination, biota, irradiation, modeling

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For citation: Alexakhin RM. Radioecological Aspects of the Nuclear Accident at the “Fukushima-1” NPP. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2015;60(5):25-30. Russian.

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Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2015. Vol. 60. No. 5. P. 5-11

RADIATION BIOLOGY

A.A. Ivanov^1,2, I.E. Andrianova¹, T.M. Bulynina^1,2, O.V. Dorozhkina^1,2, V.N. Mal’tsev¹, N.M. Stavrakova¹, G.A. Shal’nova¹, A.Yu. Bushmanov¹

The Pharmacological Effects of Melanin in the Irradiated Mice

1. A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of FMBA, Moscow, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. ; 2. Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna, Russia

ABSTRACT

Purpose: Investigation of the melanin efficiency administered to mice after irradiation at different doses.

Material and methods: The bone marrow form of the acute radiation syndrome in mice CD-1 was reconstructed by single or fractionated whole body irradiation with gamma- or X-rays. Phytomelanin water-soluble was given with water ad libitum from the first to the 30-th day after irradiation.

Results: It was shown that melanin was given after the acute exposure to ionizing radiation in doses 6.0-7.5 Gy decreased the lethal outcomes in all groups of mice. The survival melanin treated mice increased by 13-18 % as compared with control. After fractionated exposure (1 Gy daily, total dose 10 Gy) melanin produced 100 % therapeutic effect when the survival of control mice was 43.7 %. Melanin treated mice has demonstrated that body weight loss and the frequency test for bacteriuria were lower than in control. Moreover in mice which received melanin a more pronounced restoration motoric and searching activity had been observed.

Conclusion: According our experimental data melanin given “per os” after irradiation produced a marked therapeutic effect.

Key words: phytomelanin, X-rays and gamma-irradiation, single and fractionated, survival, bacteriuria, behavioral reactions, experimental therapy

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For citation: Ivanov AA, Andrianova IE, Bulynina TM, Dorozhkina OV, Mal’tsev VN, Stavrakova NM, Shal’nova GA, Bushmanov AYu. The Pharmacological Effects of Melanin in the Irradiated Mice. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2015;60(5):5-11. Russian.

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