Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2016. Vol. 61. No. 1. P. 29-33

RADIATION MEDICINE

N.A. Metlyaeva, O.V. Scherbatich

Features of Social Adaptation of Participants of the Accident on the Nuclear Submarines K-19 and K-27 According to Psychophysiological Inspection

A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of FMBA, Moscow, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

ABSTRACT

Purpose: To evaluate the personal and current mental status of three participants of the accident on the nuclear submarine K19 (F.U.P) and K27 (R.A.S. and F.A.M.) according to psychophysiological examination.

Material and methods: The results are shown of the psychophysiological examination of three participants of the accident on the nuclear submarine K19 in 1961 (04.07.61) and K27 in 1968 (24.05.68), where the operator of a reactor lieutenant F.U.P. at the age of 23 (year of birth: 1938) had the ARS of the first degree of severity (dose on EPR tooth enamel 1.14 ± 0.10 Gy), sergeant R.A.S. at the age of 23 (year of birth: 1945) had the ARS of the third degree of severity (dose on EPR tooth enamel 3.6-4.0 Gy), a dosimetrist F.A.M. at the age of 22 (year of birth: 1946) had the ARS of the second degree of severity (dose on EPR tooth enamel 1.12 ± 0.05 Gy) from the combined gamm-abeta radiation. Three patients underwent clinical and psychophysiological examination in 2002-2014 at the age of 57 and 56. All three patients were diagnosed with psychosomatic pathology hypertension of the second degree, while F.A.M. had a higher indices of hypertension (BP = 150/90, 140/100 and 200/100 mm Hg). R.A.S. had coronary heart disease, stenocardia, FC II-II and F.A.M. had FC II F.U.P. had diabetes mellitus type 2, insulin dependent form, decompensation, F.A.M. had chronic bronchitis, pneumosclerosis.

Results: The rise of the indicators of MMPI profile above 80 T-points on the scale of 1, 2, 6, 8 and F of both neurological and psychological triad, indicates the mental stress adaptation in three participants of the accident. Major general stress factor of psychophysiological adaptation was caused by protracting the acknowledgement of the victims to be the disable people due to the diseases, connected with the direct participation in the action of the special risk subunit (F.A.M. was recognized after 27 years, R.A.C. after 37 years, F.U.P. 38 years after radiation accident). A positive solution on the issue of indexation of the pension to F.A.M. in the court . resulted in a significant positive dynamics of psychological data in a gradual reduction of the indiceses, characterizing the severity of affective rigidity, fear and self-doubt, original thinking (scale: 6, 7, 8 respectively), the level of anxiety (scale: 2, 9, F, 0), with the maintenance of considerable severity of hypochondriac tendencies, the deterioration of which was due to the long judicial process (during 6 years). Labor activity of R.A.S. was the most favorable condition for the realization of his needs, and his adaptation was full, he could become a very useful member of society.

Conclusions: Patient P.A.S. had ARS of more severe degree (ARS III) than F.A.M. and F.U.P. Despite this fact, the setting and the motivation to work has allowed him to live an active lifestyle, to have a lesser degree of reduction of efficiency of the social adaptation and a less pronounced psychosomatic pathology.

Key words: submarines, radiation accidents, acute radiation disease, social adaptation, hypertensive disease, ischemic heart disease

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For citation: Metlyaeva NA, Scherbatich OV. Features of Social Adaptation of Participants of the Accident on the Nuclear Submarines K-19 and K-27 According to Psychophysiological Inspection. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2016;61(1):29-33. Russian.

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Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2016. Vol. 61. No. 1. P. 17-21

RADIATION SAFETY

V.I. Rubtsov, V.N. Klochkov, N.A. Surovtsev, A.Yu. Nefedov, E.V. Klochkova, A.B. Trebukhin, I.O. Chibakov

Improving Radiation Safety of Medical Staff during Diagnostic and Treatment Procedures with the Application of Radionuclides

A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of FMBA, Moscow, Russia. Email: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

ABSTRACT

Purpose: To give recommendations on improving radiation safety of medical staff during diagnostic and treatment procedures with the Application of radionuclides and ionizing radiation sources.

Material and methods: Literature data on doses of medical exposure of the medical staff and patients at domestic and abroad nuclear medicine centers and their contribution to the total collective dose from manmade radiation sources have been analyzed.

Results: Based on results of analysis of literature data and long experience of internal research, general concepts of assuring radiation safety of medical staff, as well as individual protection when performing diagnostic and treatment procedures with the application of radionuclides and ionizing radiation sources are described.

Conclusion: Basic principles of individual protection for assuring radiation safety of medical staff in nuclear medicine have been developed.

Key words: nuclear medicine, medical exposure doses, external and internal exposure, radionuclides, personal protective equipment

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For citation: Rubtsov VI, Klochkov VN, Surovtsev NA, Nefedov AYu, Klochkova EV, Trebukhin AB, Chibakov IO. Improving Radiation Safety of Medical Staff during Diagnostic and Treatment Procedures with the Application of Radionuclides. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2016;61(1):17-21. Russian.

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Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2016. Vol. 61. No. 1. P. 22-28

RADIATION SAFETY

A.L. Polyudin

Forms of Technogenic Uranium in the Soil of the Shore of the Lake Cinara, Kaslinsky District, Chelyabinsk Region

E.I. Zababakhin Russia Research Institute of Technical Physics, Snezhinsk, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

ABSTRACT

Purpose: To study the modes of occurrence, accumulation, distribution of uranium in the soil of the area of influence of Russian Federal Nuclear Center, to study the features, determining the peculiarities of the soil as the main storage medium.

Material and methods: Soil profiles were laid according to the elementary geochemical landscapes. In the samples consecutively selective recovery of physical and chemical forms of uranium and the subsequent analysis by spectrophotometry with the usage of tributyl phosphate and arsenazo III were carried out. Also soil acidity, redox potential, particle size distribution, soil density, the density of the solid phase of the soil were determined and filtration coefficient in the soil was calculated as well.

Results: Actual acidity is in the range from 5.5 to 7.4. Redox is in the range from 273 to 348 mV. The indicator shows the intensity of the processes (rH₂), and characterizes the soil as an environment, periodically reducing atmosphere. Under these conditions uranium, has a strong migratory ability. And the elements that affect the ability of soils to capture the element (iron and manganese) are in transitional oxidation. The soils that were studied have an easy size distribution and bad detained pollutants, the predominant fraction of the soils is a fine sand (0.25-0.05 mm). Filtration coefficient can be assessed as a high one for the soil of the eluvial and transeluvial position and extremely high for the soil of the superaqual position. The uranium content was 20 mg/kg in the soil of the transeluvial position, its characterizing anthropogenic component in the soils of the transeluvial position came to 93 %. Uranium was concentrated mainly in the soils of the transeluvial position and tied to water-soluble carbonates and clay minerals. In the soils of the eluvial and superaqual position uranium is in a stable and minimal migration of the acid (tied to sesquioxide), and also in the remaining forms. Potentially movable mold of the total content of uranium is in the range of 25 to 89 %. The maximum content is observed at the depth of 20-25 cm in the form predominantly connected to the sesquioxide and mineral components of the soil. Potentially mobile forms in the structure of the extraction criterion is the content of the peak at the depth of 8-12 cm, owning to the forms of uranium tied to the water-soluble carbonates and clay minerals.

Key words: long-lived radionuclides, uranium, forms of occurrence, soil Emissions

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For citation: Polyudin AL. Forms of Technogenic Uranium in the Soil of the Shore of the Lake Cinara, Kaslinsky District, Chelyabinsk Region. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2016;61(1):22-8. Russian.

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Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2016. Vol. 61. No. 1. P. 11-16

RADIATION BIOLOGY

V.Yu. Soloviev, A.E. Baranov

The Model Post-Radiation Kinetics of Cell Populations in Bone Marrow Syndrome

A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of FMBA, Moscow, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

ABSTRACT

Purpose: Development of a mathematical model of recovery number of stem cell after acute total body irradiation.

Material and methods: The object of study is the data from a database of human acute radiation syndrome of A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of FMBA on the post-radiation dynamics of the concentration of granulocytes in the peripheral blood of the victims of the Chernobyl accident in 1986.

Results: A model with mathematical description for the evaluation of post-radiation dynamics of stem cell pool and formed elements (granulocytes) in human peripheral blood is proposed. It is shown that the hypothetical idea of the trigger mechanism of the inclusion of several different modes of post-radiation recovery of stem cells pool and the existence of so-called critical level of the prohibition on differentiation does not contradict to the observed pattern of clinical data. A hypothesis is proposed about the possibility of external interference in the biological program of natural post-radiation recovery. It can lead to a less pronounced acute period of bone marrow syndrome in a dose range of 3-5 Gy. It may cause some reduction in agranulocytosis duration (at 2-4 days).

Conclusion: If the fundamental theoretical constructions are correct, we hope to find out some targeted therapies that can to some extent block the access to the differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells in a certain way and change the course of the clinical picture of bone marrow syndrome and, consequently, reduce some risk of death with severe and extremely severe bone marrow syndrome.

Key words: bone marrow syndrome, cell populations, granulocytes, model, gamma irradiation, dose

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For citation: Soloviev VYu, Baranov AE. The Model Post-Radiation Kinetics of Cell Populations in Bone Marrow Syndrome. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2016;61(1):11-6. Russian.

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