Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2016. Vol. 61. No. 4. P. 24-28

RADIATION SAFETY

А.L. Polydin, E.N. Polydina

Specific Features of Accumulation, Reallocation and Migration of Uranium in Soil after the Gas-Dynamic Tests

E.I. Zababakhin Russia Research Institute of Technical Physics, Snezhinsk, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

ABSTRACT

Purpose: To investigate the features of reallocation and migration of uranium in the soil as a result of economic activity of VNIITF.

Material and methods: Lays the soil profilesin view of the elementary geochemical landscapes. The test samples of samples are carried out consecutively selective allocation of physical and chemical forms of uranium and the subsequent analysis by spectrophotometric method using tributyl phosphate and arsenazo III. Defines the basic physical and chemical properties of the soil, the soil defining features as storage medium.

Result: Indicators of soil acidity and oxidation-reduction potential characterize the soil as an environment conducive to leaching of uranium in soils subaqueous position - there is a restoration of uranium to U4 + and his deposition.

In soils of eluvial position uranium content reached 260 mg / kg in the soil superaqual position - 350 mg / kg soil subaqueous position 64 mg / kg. This uranium content of more than 1700 times the content of uranium background portion, but does not exceed the controlled levels.

In soils of eluvial and superaqual position prevails acid-soluble forms of uranium (form, mainly due to sesquioxide). Only in the upper soil horizons superaqual position uranium associated mostly with watersoluble carbonates. In subaqueous soils position uranium is preferably in the form of a mobile, which is characterized as pH dependent and uranium leached from the soil profile in the form of soluble carbonates changes in environmental conditions.

The proportion of potentially mobile forms of uranium in these soils reaches 90 %. This form of distribution in the study area due to the filtering ability of soils and their oxidation-reduction regime. Uranium is found in all soils, mainly in the most common fractions of 1- 0.05 mm, where its share reaches 90 %.

Key words: long-living radionuclides, uranium, forms of occurrence, soil, fractional composition

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For citation: Polydin AL, Polydina EN. Specific Features of Accumulation, Reallocation and Migration of Uranium in Soil after the Gas-Dynamic Tests. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2016;61(4):24-8. Russian.

PDF (RUS) Full-text article (in Russian)

Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2016. Vol. 61. No. 4. P. 5-18

RADIATION SAFETY

S.V. Panchenko, A.A. Arakelyan, E.A. Gavrilina, A.M. Shvedov

Dynamic of Radiological Situation in the Rural Settlements Contaminated by Cesium-137 caused by the Chernobyl Accident in April 1986

Nuclear Safety Institute of RAS, Moscow, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

ABSTRACT

Purpose: The study of the long-term migration of ¹³⁷Cs in the soil of rural settlement to improve prediction of radiation exposure to the population caused by the Chernobyl accident and contamination of the territory.

Material and methods: The main experimental techniques are homestead measuring of gamma radiation dose rate in the settlement (6473 measurements) performed during 4 expeditions and covering a period of 24 years. In addition, the data on surface ground contamination of the territory was analyzed; the results of studies on migration of cesium deep into soil are given. Reconstruction of radiation exposure was conducted in accordance with national and international recommendations.

Results: A normalized estimation of the average external dose due to ¹³⁷Cs for population residing permanently in the rural settlement located in the south-western district of the Bryansk Region was found out. It is in 50 mSv over 70 years at 1 MBq/m² of the fallout of this nuclide.

Conclusion: The migration factor of radioactive cesium precipitated after the accident affected the formation of radiation exposure during the first 10-15 years. In subsequent years the radioactive decay of the isotope became a more significant factor.

Key words: radiological situation, Chernobyl accident, external doses, migration, soil, cesium-137

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For citation: Panchenko SV, Arakelyan AA, Gavrilina EA, Shvedov AM. Dynamic of Radiological Situation in the Rural Settlements Contaminated by Cesium-137 caused by the Chernobyl Accident in April 1986. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2016;61(4):5-18. Russian.

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Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2016. Vol. 61. No. 4. P. 19-23

RADIATION SAFETY

V.N. Klochkov, V.I. Rubtsov

Decontamination of the Personal Protective Equipment at Rectification of the Radiation Accident Consequences: Use of Chernobyl Experience Today

A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of FMBA, Moscow, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

ABSTRACT

Purpose: To analyze and summarize the experience of decontaminating of the personal protective equipment (PPE) during rectification of the consequences of the accident at the Chernobyl NPP, and to define the main areas of improving the technology and management of decontamination activities at potential radiation accidents.

Material and methods: This work analyzes the results of the authors’ research and literature data on decontamination of overalls and other staff PPE that was contaminated during rectification of the consequences of the accident at the Chernobyl NPP in 1986-87.

Results: Main conclusions on the specifics of decontaminating of the staff overalls and other PPE during rectification of the consequences of the accident at the Chernobyl NPP are provided based on the summary and analysis of literature data and own long-term research experience. It’s shown that efficiency of the PPE decontamination depends on all the constituents including settings of the temporary permissible levels of the PPE radioactive contamination, sorting of PPE based on the contamination level and nature, strict following of the decontamination technology, use of efficient chemicals and modern high-performance laundry equipment, close control over the levels of PPE contamination after decontamination etc. The experts have tested new efficient detergents and recommended them for using in working special laundries. Methodological support of adoption of new high-performance equipment in special laundries has been provided. The actual regulatory and procedural base of the PPE decontamination, as well as training and reference literature have been created.

Conclusion: The analysis of results of the PPE decontamination in the Chernobyl NPP area showed the primary importance of the properly established PPE decontamination framework including settings of the temporary permissible levels of the PPE radioactive contamination, their sorting based on the ontamination level and nature, decontamination in the modern washer-extractors with efficient detergents, decontamination quality control etc.

Key words: decontamination, personal protective equipment, accident at the Chernobyl NPP, temporary permissible levels

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For citation: Klochkov VN, Rubtsov V.I. Decontamination of the Personal Protective Equipment at Rectification of the Radiation Accident Consequences: Use of Chernobyl Experience Today. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2016;61(4):19-23. Russian.

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Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2016. Vol. 61. No. 5. P. 80-84

MEDICAL PRACTICE ISSUE

E.V. Dorokhov¹, E.D. Isaguliyan², P.A. Isaev³, D.Yu. Siomin³, V.V. Polkin³

Possibilities of Spinal Cord Stimulation for Radiation-Induced Brachial Plexopathy

1. I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; 2. N.N. Burdenko Neurosurgery Institute, Moscow, Russia; 3. A.F. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre, Obninsk, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

ABSTRACT

According to current data in modern oncology, delayed radiation-induced brachial plexopathies are rare complications of radial therapy of malignant tumors. However, in Russian clinical practice these complications appear not so rarely for a number of reasons, including obsolescent equipment usage. Unfortunately, full functional rehabilitation for such patients is almost impossible due to irreversibility of pathological process. That is why the main problem in the treatment of radiation-induced plexopathy is chronic pain management that is rather limited in remedies. The article is aimed to demonstrate and analyze the clinical case of high efficacy of spinal cord stimulation in the treatment of chronic medically resistant pain in a female patient with radiation-induced plexopathy.

Key words: radiation therapy, plexopathia, neurostimulation

REFERENSES

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For citation: Dorokhov EV, Isaguliyan ED, Isaev PA, Siomin DYu, Polkin VV. Possibilities of Spinal Cord Stimulation for Radiation-Induced Brachial Plexopath. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2016;61(5):80-4. Russian.

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