Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2016. Vol. 61. No. 4. P. 48-51

DIAGNOSTIC RADIOLODGY

S.E. Okhrimenko¹, I.P. Korenkov², N.A. Akopova¹, S.A. Ryzhkin³, S.I. Ivanov¹

Patient Dose Optimization During X-Ray Investigation

1. Russian Medical Academy of Postgraduate Education, Moscow, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. , 2. A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of FMBA, Moscow, Russia, 3. Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia

ABSTRACT

Purpose: To estimate the technical condition of the ӭray machine park in Moscow, according to the establishment of patient exposure levels from the technical condition.

Material and methods: Radiation monitoring of physical and technical parameters of X-ray machines, patient dose assessment due to X-ray studies.

Results: The evaluation of the technical condition of x-ray park of Moscow, the assessment of radiation exposure of patients for 1998-2013 is given. The dependence of radiation doses of patients from the technical condition of the X-ray diagnostic apparatus was estimated. It is established that the patient radiation dose should be evaluated in each case, and the use of averaged (tabular) values leads to significant distortions during the assessing radiation exposure. One of the main aspects of ensuring radiation safety of patients is the implementation of the principle of optimization: the maximum possible decrease in exposure to patients while maintaining appropriate quality diagnostic information. The crucial thing in the implementation of this task is played by the staff understanding the need to reduce the radiation doses of patients, the influence of the technical condition of the equipment at the radiation exposure and the implementation presented in the paper approaches into everyday practice.

Summary: Analysis of the results shows that the dose of irradiation of patients from 1998 to 2013 decreased by more than 2.5 times. Reduced radiation exposure associated with the decommissioning of the X-ray machines that do not meet the requirements of the applicable regulations, the introduction of digital technology, the introduction of patient dose monitoring during radiological procedures.

Keywords: X-ray radiation, patients, effective radiation doses, radiationhygienic passport, fluoroscopy, radiography, CT scan

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7. Okhrimenko S.E., Voronin K.V., Ivanov S.I., Akopova N.A. Obespechenie radiatsionnoi bezopasnosti v rentgenodiagnostike s primeneniem novykh tekhnologii. Zdravookhranenie i med. tekhnika. 2004. No. 4. P. 36-37. (In Russ.).
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10. Romanovich I. K. Aktual'nye zadachi radiatsionnoi gigieny v svete itogov FTsP YaRB. Rossiiskaya nauchnaya konferentsiya «Radiatsionnaya zashchita i radiatsionnaya bezopasnost' v yadernykh tekhnologiyakh». Moscow. 2015. P. 30-38. (In Russ.).

For citation: Okhrimenko SE, Korenkov IP, Akopova NA, Ryzhkin SA, Ivanov SI. Patient Dose Optimization during X-Ray Investigation. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2016;61(4):48-51. Russian.

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Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2016. Vol. 61. No. 4. P. 35-42

RADIATION SAFETY

V.Yu. Nugis, A.Yu. Bushmanov, H.E. Zapadinskaya, M.G. Kozlova, O.A. Tyhonova

Cytogenetic Studies 28-29 Years After the Accident at the Chernobyl NPP

A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of FMBA, Moscow, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

ABSTRACT

Purpose: Cytogenetic examination of liquidators who worked in different years and residents of different contaminated areas nearly 30 years after the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant.

Material and methods: The cytogenetic studies were carried out with the use of peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures. The majority of individuals were examined with the help of FISH- and classical methods of staining chromosomes in parallel.

Results: In general the frequencies of FISH-detected translocations were above background levels in 15 (out of 58 people): 12 out of 41 liquidators and 3 out of 17 residents of contaminated territories. The single highly aberrant cells contained mostly unstable chromosome aberrations were detected by FISH-analysis in 9 examined individuals. The presence or absence of such cells was not associated with the availability of an estimated dose cytogenetically. The analysis of the data obtained the classical method showed that the overall frequency of chromosome rearrangements and the frequency of chromosome aberrations - indicators of radiation exposure - did not exceed the background values of the examined persons individually.

Conclusion: The obtained cytogenetic data indicate the possibility of cytogenetic dose evaluation in almost 30 years after the radiation accident with the help of FISH-method. The detection of single highly aberrant cells in peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures is characteristic for this contingent that apparently related to the action of alpha-emitting radionuclides.

Key words: chromosome aberrations, peripheral blood, lymphocytes culture, accidental irradiation, the accident at the Chernobyl NPP

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For citation: Nugis VYu, Bushmanov AYu, Zapadinskaya HE, Kozlova MG, Tyhonova OA. Cytogenetic Studies 28-29 Years after the Accident at the Chernobyl NPP. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2016;61(4):35-42. Russian.

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Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2016. Vol. 61. No. 4. P. 43-47

RADIATION SAFETY

Yu.E. Kvacheva

Chernobyl Hot Particles in Lungs of the Participants of the Post-Accident Clean-up Operation and Residents of the Contaminated Regions

A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of FMBA, Moscow, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. .

ABSTRACT

Purpose: To investigate the morphological specificity of hot particles (HP) retention in the lungs of participants of liquidation of the consequences of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant and residents of the contaminated territories.

Material and methods: The lungs obtained after the standard manner were examined in total using an elaborated technique based on auto- and histoautoradiography of autopsy materials. Three distinct groups of patients were studied: 12 persons who participated in postaccident clean-up operation (1986-1988) and died 3 years later after the accident; 170 residents of the contaminated regions, who died from casual causes in 1989-1992; and the immediate witnesses of the accident (27) who dying from the acute radiation sickness (ARS).

Results and conclusion: Chernobyl HP were observed in most of patients (24/27; 88 %) died of ARS. These particles presented as mixed alpha-/beta- and pure beta-emitters were seen in pulmonary macrophages (i.e. intracellulary), located predominantly in the bronchioles and alveoli, as well as on the surfaces of alveolar septa (intraluminal localization). Only one of 12 participants of the postaccident clean-up operation had HP in his lungs (1/12; 8.3 %). Morphological specificity of HP retention was similar to the mentioned above (intracellular + intraluminal localization). Three out of 170 (3/170; 1.8 %) residents of the Ukranian and Belorussian regions contaminated by radionuclides, died in 1989-1992 from accidental causes (acute alcohol intoxication, transport injury, suicide, etc.), were shown to have HP. These particles were few in number and, unlike the above presented groups, were visualized in macrophages, located in fibrous tissue along the vessels and bronchi (intramural localization). In addition, all three cases were found to be accompanied by lung pathology indicative of pulmonary self-clearance deficiency.

Key words: Chernobyl NPP disaster, hot particles, human lungs, inhalation retention, autopsy

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For citation:. Kvacheva YuE. Chernobyl Hot Particles in Lungs of the Participants of the Post-Accident Cleanup Operation and Residents of the Contaminated Regions. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2016;61(4):43-47. Russian.

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Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2016. Vol. 61. No. 4. P. 29-34

RADIATION SAFETY

N.A. Metlyaeva, A.Yu. Bushmanov, V.I. Krasnuk, E.Eu. Zapadinskaya, O.V. Scherbatich, M.V. Bolotnov

Features of Psychophysiological Adaptation of Military Personnel and Personnel of ChNPP, Participated in the Liquidation of the ChNPP Accident in 1986-1987

A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of FMBA, Moscow, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

ABSTRACT

Purpose: An evaluation of the efficiency of psychophysiological adaptation of military personnel and personnel of ChNPP, participated in liquidation of consequences of the ChNPP accident in 1986-1987 years.

Material and methods: The study involved 3 groups of participants of the liquidation of the consequences of ChNPP accident, in total - 10 people. The 1st group consisted of military personnel, colonels, 4 people, including 4 military chemical engineers. The 2nd group wasrepresented by two helicopter pilots and one test engineer of aircraft. The 3rd group was the ChNPP personnel, who worked from may 1986, in preparation for commissioning and operation of ChNPP units 1,2,3, in the face of a nuclear-physicist, chief engineer of ChNPP and the shift supervisor of the electrical shop № 1-2 unit of ChNPP. The dose of external gamma-beta radiation in the 1st group was registered in the range of 90-376 mSv, the 2nd - up to 250 mSv, the 3rd - 560-250 mSv.

Results: The rise of the profile parameters of MMPI above 80 T-points were detected in persons of the 1st group on the scale 1Hs-95,38 T-points of the neurotic triad and testified to the strain of mental adaptation, due to concerns about the health, hypochondriac tendencies. The rise of parameters on a scale of 2D-68,80 and 3Hy-72,4; T-points indicated the voltage of psychophysiological adaptation, due to anxiety-demonstrative behavior. The level of the profile of MMPI in persons of the 2nd group indicated the over voltage of mental adaptation, marked by the rise of parameters of higher than 80 T-points as neurotic (1Hs-94,50; 2D-77,60; 3Hy-80,83 T-points), and psychotic triad (6Pa-75,80; 7Pt-68,30; 8Sch-81,26 T-points) with a relative decrease of parameters of the scale 9Ma-61,16 T-points, that indicated the hypochondriac, demonstrative and anxious-depressive tendencies. The profile of MMPI in persons of the 3rd group does not extend beyond the limits of professional and population norms and indicates on the efficient physiological adaptation in this group.

Conclusions: Evaluation of psychophysiological adaptation of military personnel and personnel of ChNPP indicates the over voltage of mental adaptation of military personnel (colonels, helicopter pilots) and effective adaptation of the staff (engineers), combined the basic work in station with participation in liquidation of consequences of the ChNPP accident.

Key words: Chernobyl NPP accident, liquidators, psychophysiological adaptation, motivation, social adaptation, labor success, hypertensive disease, ischemic heart disease

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For citation: Metlyaeva NA, Bushmanov AYu, Krasnuk VI, Zapadinskaya EEu, Scherbatich OV, Bolotnov MV. Features of Psychophysiological Adaptation of Military Personnel and Personnel of ChNPP, Participated in the Liquidation of the ChNPP Accident in 1986-1987. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2016;61(4):29-34. Russian.

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