Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2016. Vol. 61. No. 1. P. 11-16

RADIATION BIOLOGY

V.Yu. Soloviev, A.E. Baranov

The Model Post-Radiation Kinetics of Cell Populations in Bone Marrow Syndrome

A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of FMBA, Moscow, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

ABSTRACT

Purpose: Development of a mathematical model of recovery number of stem cell after acute total body irradiation.

Material and methods: The object of study is the data from a database of human acute radiation syndrome of A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of FMBA on the post-radiation dynamics of the concentration of granulocytes in the peripheral blood of the victims of the Chernobyl accident in 1986.

Results: A model with mathematical description for the evaluation of post-radiation dynamics of stem cell pool and formed elements (granulocytes) in human peripheral blood is proposed. It is shown that the hypothetical idea of the trigger mechanism of the inclusion of several different modes of post-radiation recovery of stem cells pool and the existence of so-called critical level of the prohibition on differentiation does not contradict to the observed pattern of clinical data. A hypothesis is proposed about the possibility of external interference in the biological program of natural post-radiation recovery. It can lead to a less pronounced acute period of bone marrow syndrome in a dose range of 3-5 Gy. It may cause some reduction in agranulocytosis duration (at 2-4 days).

Conclusion: If the fundamental theoretical constructions are correct, we hope to find out some targeted therapies that can to some extent block the access to the differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells in a certain way and change the course of the clinical picture of bone marrow syndrome and, consequently, reduce some risk of death with severe and extremely severe bone marrow syndrome.

Key words: bone marrow syndrome, cell populations, granulocytes, model, gamma irradiation, dose

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For citation: Soloviev VYu, Baranov AE. The Model Post-Radiation Kinetics of Cell Populations in Bone Marrow Syndrome. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2016;61(1):11-6. Russian.

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Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2016. Vol. 61. No. 2. P. 75-78

CHRONICLE

G.P. Sidorova¹, D.A. Krylov²

Radioactive Elements in Coals and Their Combustion Products

1. Transbaikal State University, Chita, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. ; 2. National Research Centre «Kurchatov Institute», Moscow, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

ABSTRACT

Presents an extensive analytical material content of natural radionuclides (NRN) in coal of different fields, both domestic and foreign. Provides details on the study of radioactivity of coal and waste incineration on deposits of Transbaikalia. Not all Russian coal deposits contain rose-content NRN in progress, but it is necessary to determine at the time of exploration. If during exploration for coal deposits areas with high concentration of NRN are identified, the application of the proposed system of radiation monitoring at the stage of coal mining deposits will be reduced to a minimum the hit in the fuel cycle and the environment. Sources of pollution are thermal power plant air emissions, liquid effluents and solid waste left after burning coal - ash and slag.

Key words: coal, natural radionuclide’s uranium radioactivity, ash, slag, the specific activity of emissions

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For citation: Sidorova GP, Krylov DA. Radioactive Elements in Coals and their Combustion Productss. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2016;61(2):75-8. Russian.

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Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2016. Vol. 61. No. 2. P. 79-82

MEDICAL PRACTICE ISSUE

G.V. Zhuntova¹, T.V. Azizova¹, A.V. Ephimov¹, E.K. Vasilenko¹, N.V. Sotnik¹, N.N. Dudchenko², I.A. Vologodskaya², E.P. Phomin²

Medical Assistance After Plutonium Intake by a Worker Due to an Emergency Situation During Production Operations

1. Southern Urals Biophysics Institute of FMBA, Ozyorsk, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. ; 2. Central Medical Sanitary Department No. 71 of FMBA, Ozyorsk, Russia

ABSTRACT

We consider a case of ²³⁹Pu intake by a worker as a result of a production manufacturing unit rupture during repair operations. The worker received a contused wound of an index finger of his right hand and anterior abdominal wall contusion. The initial ²³⁹Pu burden in the areas of finger and abdominal skin injuries were 2000 and 40 kBq, respectively. The committed effective dose from internal radiation over 50 years (CED₅₀) assuming the complete transfer of the measured ²³⁹Pu burden from original site of the intake into body fluids and eventual accumulation in main organs of deposition was 54 Sv. Radionuclide-contaminated tissues of the finger and the anterior abdominal wall were excised; however it became necessary to amputate the index finger of the right hand to avoid potentially harmful contamination. A dosimetry screening revealed that injured skin was not the only route by which ²³⁹Pu entered the worker’s body, but respiratory and digestive organs were also involved. The duration of chelation therapy (5 % pentacin solution) was 4 months. The final estimate of CED₅₀ from internal radiation based on data on natural excretion of actinides was 25 ± 11 mSv. Thus, timely specialized medical assistance allowed avoiding significant transfer of ²³⁹Pu from the sites of original deposition to the worker’s body and decreasing the dose from internal alpha-radiation by a large factor.

Key words: plutonium intake, incident, pentacin

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For citation: Zhuntova GV, Azizova TV, Ephimov AV, Vasilenko EK, Sotnik NV, Dudchenko NN, Vologodskaya IA, Phomin EP. Medical Assistance after Plutonium Intake by a Worker due to an Emergency Situation during Production Operations. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2016;61(2):79-82. Russian.

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Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2016. Vol. 61. No. 2. P. 70-74

CHRONICLE

S.M. Kiselev

Evolution of Approaches of ICRP to the Regulations of Protection of the Population from Radon

A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of FMBA, Moscow, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

ABSTRACT

In late 2014, the International Commission on Radiological Protection issued a publication “Radiological Protection against Radon Exposure” (ICRP 126). An international expert team (France, Norway, Russia, Canada, Australia, Germany, Switzerland and China) was organized to prepare this document. With this document the Commission completed the cycle of modern recommendations on the radon issue, based on the analysis of current scientific evidence of the impact of the radioactive gas on human health. The paper presents the development of approaches of ICRP for regulating public radon exposure and also outlines modern approaches to the public protection against radon exposure in homes and at workplaces.

Key words: radon, ICRP, lung cancer, regulation, reference levels, national strategy, national action plan

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For citation: Kiselev SM. Evolution of Approaches of ICRP to the Regulations of Protection of the Population from Radon. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2016;61(2):70-4. Russian.

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