Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2016. Vol. 61. No. 4. P. 43-47

RADIATION SAFETY

Yu.E. Kvacheva

Chernobyl Hot Particles in Lungs of the Participants of the Post-Accident Clean-up Operation and Residents of the Contaminated Regions

A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of FMBA, Moscow, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. .

ABSTRACT

Purpose: To investigate the morphological specificity of hot particles (HP) retention in the lungs of participants of liquidation of the consequences of the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant and residents of the contaminated territories.

Material and methods: The lungs obtained after the standard manner were examined in total using an elaborated technique based on auto- and histoautoradiography of autopsy materials. Three distinct groups of patients were studied: 12 persons who participated in postaccident clean-up operation (1986-1988) and died 3 years later after the accident; 170 residents of the contaminated regions, who died from casual causes in 1989-1992; and the immediate witnesses of the accident (27) who dying from the acute radiation sickness (ARS).

Results and conclusion: Chernobyl HP were observed in most of patients (24/27; 88 %) died of ARS. These particles presented as mixed alpha-/beta- and pure beta-emitters were seen in pulmonary macrophages (i.e. intracellulary), located predominantly in the bronchioles and alveoli, as well as on the surfaces of alveolar septa (intraluminal localization). Only one of 12 participants of the postaccident clean-up operation had HP in his lungs (1/12; 8.3 %). Morphological specificity of HP retention was similar to the mentioned above (intracellular + intraluminal localization). Three out of 170 (3/170; 1.8 %) residents of the Ukranian and Belorussian regions contaminated by radionuclides, died in 1989-1992 from accidental causes (acute alcohol intoxication, transport injury, suicide, etc.), were shown to have HP. These particles were few in number and, unlike the above presented groups, were visualized in macrophages, located in fibrous tissue along the vessels and bronchi (intramural localization). In addition, all three cases were found to be accompanied by lung pathology indicative of pulmonary self-clearance deficiency.

Key words: Chernobyl NPP disaster, hot particles, human lungs, inhalation retention, autopsy

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For citation:. Kvacheva YuE. Chernobyl Hot Particles in Lungs of the Participants of the Post-Accident Cleanup Operation and Residents of the Contaminated Regions. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2016;61(4):43-47. Russian.

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Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2016. Vol. 61. No. 4. P. 29-34

RADIATION SAFETY

N.A. Metlyaeva, A.Yu. Bushmanov, V.I. Krasnuk, E.Eu. Zapadinskaya, O.V. Scherbatich, M.V. Bolotnov

Features of Psychophysiological Adaptation of Military Personnel and Personnel of ChNPP, Participated in the Liquidation of the ChNPP Accident in 1986-1987

A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of FMBA, Moscow, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

ABSTRACT

Purpose: An evaluation of the efficiency of psychophysiological adaptation of military personnel and personnel of ChNPP, participated in liquidation of consequences of the ChNPP accident in 1986-1987 years.

Material and methods: The study involved 3 groups of participants of the liquidation of the consequences of ChNPP accident, in total - 10 people. The 1st group consisted of military personnel, colonels, 4 people, including 4 military chemical engineers. The 2nd group wasrepresented by two helicopter pilots and one test engineer of aircraft. The 3rd group was the ChNPP personnel, who worked from may 1986, in preparation for commissioning and operation of ChNPP units 1,2,3, in the face of a nuclear-physicist, chief engineer of ChNPP and the shift supervisor of the electrical shop № 1-2 unit of ChNPP. The dose of external gamma-beta radiation in the 1st group was registered in the range of 90-376 mSv, the 2nd - up to 250 mSv, the 3rd - 560-250 mSv.

Results: The rise of the profile parameters of MMPI above 80 T-points were detected in persons of the 1st group on the scale 1Hs-95,38 T-points of the neurotic triad and testified to the strain of mental adaptation, due to concerns about the health, hypochondriac tendencies. The rise of parameters on a scale of 2D-68,80 and 3Hy-72,4; T-points indicated the voltage of psychophysiological adaptation, due to anxiety-demonstrative behavior. The level of the profile of MMPI in persons of the 2nd group indicated the over voltage of mental adaptation, marked by the rise of parameters of higher than 80 T-points as neurotic (1Hs-94,50; 2D-77,60; 3Hy-80,83 T-points), and psychotic triad (6Pa-75,80; 7Pt-68,30; 8Sch-81,26 T-points) with a relative decrease of parameters of the scale 9Ma-61,16 T-points, that indicated the hypochondriac, demonstrative and anxious-depressive tendencies. The profile of MMPI in persons of the 3rd group does not extend beyond the limits of professional and population norms and indicates on the efficient physiological adaptation in this group.

Conclusions: Evaluation of psychophysiological adaptation of military personnel and personnel of ChNPP indicates the over voltage of mental adaptation of military personnel (colonels, helicopter pilots) and effective adaptation of the staff (engineers), combined the basic work in station with participation in liquidation of consequences of the ChNPP accident.

Key words: Chernobyl NPP accident, liquidators, psychophysiological adaptation, motivation, social adaptation, labor success, hypertensive disease, ischemic heart disease

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For citation: Metlyaeva NA, Bushmanov AYu, Krasnuk VI, Zapadinskaya EEu, Scherbatich OV, Bolotnov MV. Features of Psychophysiological Adaptation of Military Personnel and Personnel of ChNPP, Participated in the Liquidation of the ChNPP Accident in 1986-1987. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2016;61(4):29-34. Russian.

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Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2016. Vol. 61. No. 4. P. 35-42

RADIATION SAFETY

V.Yu. Nugis, A.Yu. Bushmanov, H.E. Zapadinskaya, M.G. Kozlova, O.A. Tyhonova

Cytogenetic Studies 28-29 Years After the Accident at the Chernobyl NPP

A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of FMBA, Moscow, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

ABSTRACT

Purpose: Cytogenetic examination of liquidators who worked in different years and residents of different contaminated areas nearly 30 years after the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant.

Material and methods: The cytogenetic studies were carried out with the use of peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures. The majority of individuals were examined with the help of FISH- and classical methods of staining chromosomes in parallel.

Results: In general the frequencies of FISH-detected translocations were above background levels in 15 (out of 58 people): 12 out of 41 liquidators and 3 out of 17 residents of contaminated territories. The single highly aberrant cells contained mostly unstable chromosome aberrations were detected by FISH-analysis in 9 examined individuals. The presence or absence of such cells was not associated with the availability of an estimated dose cytogenetically. The analysis of the data obtained the classical method showed that the overall frequency of chromosome rearrangements and the frequency of chromosome aberrations - indicators of radiation exposure - did not exceed the background values of the examined persons individually.

Conclusion: The obtained cytogenetic data indicate the possibility of cytogenetic dose evaluation in almost 30 years after the radiation accident with the help of FISH-method. The detection of single highly aberrant cells in peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures is characteristic for this contingent that apparently related to the action of alpha-emitting radionuclides.

Key words: chromosome aberrations, peripheral blood, lymphocytes culture, accidental irradiation, the accident at the Chernobyl NPP

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For citation: Nugis VYu, Bushmanov AYu, Zapadinskaya HE, Kozlova MG, Tyhonova OA. Cytogenetic Studies 28-29 Years after the Accident at the Chernobyl NPP. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2016;61(4):35-42. Russian.

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Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2016. Vol. 61. No. 4. P. 24-28

RADIATION SAFETY

А.L. Polydin, E.N. Polydina

Specific Features of Accumulation, Reallocation and Migration of Uranium in Soil after the Gas-Dynamic Tests

E.I. Zababakhin Russia Research Institute of Technical Physics, Snezhinsk, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

ABSTRACT

Purpose: To investigate the features of reallocation and migration of uranium in the soil as a result of economic activity of VNIITF.

Material and methods: Lays the soil profilesin view of the elementary geochemical landscapes. The test samples of samples are carried out consecutively selective allocation of physical and chemical forms of uranium and the subsequent analysis by spectrophotometric method using tributyl phosphate and arsenazo III. Defines the basic physical and chemical properties of the soil, the soil defining features as storage medium.

Result: Indicators of soil acidity and oxidation-reduction potential characterize the soil as an environment conducive to leaching of uranium in soils subaqueous position - there is a restoration of uranium to U4 + and his deposition.

In soils of eluvial position uranium content reached 260 mg / kg in the soil superaqual position - 350 mg / kg soil subaqueous position 64 mg / kg. This uranium content of more than 1700 times the content of uranium background portion, but does not exceed the controlled levels.

In soils of eluvial and superaqual position prevails acid-soluble forms of uranium (form, mainly due to sesquioxide). Only in the upper soil horizons superaqual position uranium associated mostly with watersoluble carbonates. In subaqueous soils position uranium is preferably in the form of a mobile, which is characterized as pH dependent and uranium leached from the soil profile in the form of soluble carbonates changes in environmental conditions.

The proportion of potentially mobile forms of uranium in these soils reaches 90 %. This form of distribution in the study area due to the filtering ability of soils and their oxidation-reduction regime. Uranium is found in all soils, mainly in the most common fractions of 1- 0.05 mm, where its share reaches 90 %.

Key words: long-living radionuclides, uranium, forms of occurrence, soil, fractional composition

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For citation: Polydin AL, Polydina EN. Specific Features of Accumulation, Reallocation and Migration of Uranium in Soil after the Gas-Dynamic Tests. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2016;61(4):24-8. Russian.

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