Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2016. Vol. 61. No. 4. P. 5-18

RADIATION SAFETY

S.V. Panchenko, A.A. Arakelyan, E.A. Gavrilina, A.M. Shvedov

Dynamic of Radiological Situation in the Rural Settlements Contaminated by Cesium-137 caused by the Chernobyl Accident in April 1986

Nuclear Safety Institute of RAS, Moscow, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

ABSTRACT

Purpose: The study of the long-term migration of ¹³⁷Cs in the soil of rural settlement to improve prediction of radiation exposure to the population caused by the Chernobyl accident and contamination of the territory.

Material and methods: The main experimental techniques are homestead measuring of gamma radiation dose rate in the settlement (6473 measurements) performed during 4 expeditions and covering a period of 24 years. In addition, the data on surface ground contamination of the territory was analyzed; the results of studies on migration of cesium deep into soil are given. Reconstruction of radiation exposure was conducted in accordance with national and international recommendations.

Results: A normalized estimation of the average external dose due to ¹³⁷Cs for population residing permanently in the rural settlement located in the south-western district of the Bryansk Region was found out. It is in 50 mSv over 70 years at 1 MBq/m² of the fallout of this nuclide.

Conclusion: The migration factor of radioactive cesium precipitated after the accident affected the formation of radiation exposure during the first 10-15 years. In subsequent years the radioactive decay of the isotope became a more significant factor.

Key words: radiological situation, Chernobyl accident, external doses, migration, soil, cesium-137

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For citation: Panchenko SV, Arakelyan AA, Gavrilina EA, Shvedov AM. Dynamic of Radiological Situation in the Rural Settlements Contaminated by Cesium-137 caused by the Chernobyl Accident in April 1986. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2016;61(4):5-18. Russian.

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Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2016. Vol. 61. No. 5. P. 69-79

CHRONICLE

V.V. Uyba¹, A.V. Akleyev^2,3, T.V. Azizova⁴, S.A. Geras’kin⁵, V.K. Ivanov⁶, A.N. Koterov⁷, A.I. Kryshev⁸, S.G. Mikheyenko⁹, S.A. Romanov⁴, S.M. Shinkarev⁷

Results of the 63rd Session of the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of the Atomic Radiation (UNSCE AR) (Vienna, 27 June - 1 July, 2016)

1. FMBA of Russia, Moscow, Russia; 2. Urals Research Center for Radiation Medicine of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Chelyabinsk, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. ; 3. Chelyabinsk State University, Chelyabinsk, Russia.; 4. Southern Urals Biophysics Institute of Federal Medical Biological Agency, Ozyorsk, Chelyabinsk Region, Russia.; 5. Russian Institute of Radiology and Agroecology, Obninsk, Russia.; 6. A.F. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre, Obninsk, Russia; 7. A.I. Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center. Moscow, Russia; 8. RPA “Typhoon” of Roshydromet, Obninsk, Russia; 9. Russian Federation national nuclear corporation ROSATOM, Moscow, Russia

ABSTRACT

Current paper is devoted to the major results of the work of the 63rd Session of the UNSCVEAR that was held in Vienna from 27 June to 1 July, 2016. Within the framework of the meeting of the Work group

and subgroups the documents on the following projects were discussed:

− Methodology for estimating human exposures due to radioactive discharges.

− Radiation exposures from electricity generation.

− Biological effects of selected internal emitters.

− Developments since the 2013 UNSCEAR Report on the levels and effects of radiation exposure due to the nuclear accident following the great East-Japan earthquake and tsunami

− Cancer epidemiology of exposures at low dose-rates due to environmental radiation.

− Collection, analysis and dissemination of data on radiation exposures, particular on medical and occupational exposures.

− Selected evaluations of health effects and risk inference from radiation exposure.

In the course of the discussion some organizational issues such as the status of UNSCEAR publications, governing principles of the Committee’s activities, the structure of the UNSCEAR Bureau, public affairs, future research program, report to the General Assembly and etc., were considered.

Key words: 63rd UNSCEAR Session, exposure dose, radioactive discharges, electricity generation, biological effects, radiation epidemiology, medical exposure, environment

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For citation: Uyba VV, Akleyev AV, Azizova TV, Geras'kin SA, Ivanov VK, Koterov AN, Kryshev AI, Mikheyenko SG, Romanov SA, Shinkarev SM. Results of the 63rd Session of the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of the Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) (Vienna, 27 June - 1 July, 2016). Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2016;61(5):69-79. Russian.

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Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2016. Vol. 61. No. 5. P. 80-84

MEDICAL PRACTICE ISSUE

E.V. Dorokhov¹, E.D. Isaguliyan², P.A. Isaev³, D.Yu. Siomin³, V.V. Polkin³

Possibilities of Spinal Cord Stimulation for Radiation-Induced Brachial Plexopathy

1. I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia; 2. N.N. Burdenko Neurosurgery Institute, Moscow, Russia; 3. A.F. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre, Obninsk, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.

ABSTRACT

According to current data in modern oncology, delayed radiation-induced brachial plexopathies are rare complications of radial therapy of malignant tumors. However, in Russian clinical practice these complications appear not so rarely for a number of reasons, including obsolescent equipment usage. Unfortunately, full functional rehabilitation for such patients is almost impossible due to irreversibility of pathological process. That is why the main problem in the treatment of radiation-induced plexopathy is chronic pain management that is rather limited in remedies. The article is aimed to demonstrate and analyze the clinical case of high efficacy of spinal cord stimulation in the treatment of chronic medically resistant pain in a female patient with radiation-induced plexopathy.

Key words: radiation therapy, plexopathia, neurostimulation

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For citation: Dorokhov EV, Isaguliyan ED, Isaev PA, Siomin DYu, Polkin VV. Possibilities of Spinal Cord Stimulation for Radiation-Induced Brachial Plexopath. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2016;61(5):80-4. Russian.

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Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2016. Vol. 61. No. 5. P. 59-64

RADIATION PHYSICS, TECHNOLOGY AND DOSIMETRY

S.E. Ulianenko¹, A.N. Soloviev^1,2, V.M. Lityaev¹, V.V. Fedorov¹, S.N. Koryakin¹

Monte-Carlo Simulation of Photon and Proton Capture Therapy with Gold Compounds

1. A.F. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre, Obninsk, Russia, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it. ; 2. Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino, Russia

ABSTRACT

Purpose: Theoretical and numerical simulation using Monte-Carlo method to assess the proof-of-concept mechanism of photon and proton capture therapy with gold compounds and solutions.

Material and methods: The simulation of photon capture therapy is done with MCNP code, the proton capture therapy using Geant4 framework and our own developed software methods C++ and Python. Both simulations carried with tissue-equivalent phantom. The number of additional simulations was required to find the theoretical mechanism of proton capture therapy.

Results: The 10 mg per 1 g Au-based tissue compound resulted in doubling the absorbed dose value mainly due to interaction γ-quanta with electron shells of atoms and induced cascade of electrons. The 1 mg per 1 g Au-based tissue compound for the proton capture therapy may result in qualitive changes in absorbed dose distribution, resulted in 15 % few dose for 50 MeV proton, 15 % higher dose for 150-250 MeV protons and same dose for 100 MeV protons. The additional experiments and simulations may be further required for proper investigation of such effects. And also with a proton energy increase there is a decrease of number of elastic collisions with gold compounds, which demonstrates significant reduction of the reaction cross section.

Conclusion: The Au-based solutions may be kindly introduced into clinical practice for the photon capture therapy, on the other side, the proton capture therapy are yet to be implemented under both the physical interaction models improve as well as qualitive assessment of radiobiology effect.

Key words: Monte-Carlo method, photon capture therapy, proton capture therapy, gold compounds

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For citation: Ulianenko SE, Soloviev AN, Lityaev VM, Fedorov VV, Koryakin SN. Monte-Carlo Simulation of Photon and Proton Capture Therapy with Gold Compounds. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2016;61(5):59-64. Russian.

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