JOURNAL DESCRIPTION
The Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety journal ISSN 1024-6177 was founded in January 1956 (before December 30, 1993 it was entitled Medical Radiology, ISSN 0025-8334). In 2018, the journal received Online ISSN: 2618-9615 and was registered as an electronic online publication in Roskomnadzor on March 29, 2018. It publishes original research articles which cover questions of radiobiology, radiation medicine, radiation safety, radiation therapy, nuclear medicine and scientific reviews. In general the journal has more than 30 headings and it is of interest for specialists working in thefields of medicine¸ radiation biology, epidemiology, medical physics and technology. Since July 01, 2008 the journal has been published by State Research Center - Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency. The founder from 1956 to the present time is the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, and from 2008 to the present time is the Federal Medical Biological Agency.
Members of the editorial board are scientists specializing in the field of radiation biology and medicine, radiation protection, radiation epidemiology, radiation oncology, radiation diagnostics and therapy, nuclear medicine and medical physics. The editorial board consists of academicians (members of the Russian Academy of Science (RAS)), the full member of Academy of Medical Sciences of the Republic of Armenia, corresponding members of the RAS, Doctors of Medicine, professor, candidates and doctors of biological, physical mathematics and engineering sciences. The editorial board is constantly replenished by experts who work in the CIS and foreign countries.
Six issues of the journal are published per year, the volume is 13.5 conventional printed sheets, 88 printer’s sheets, 1.000 copies. The journal has an identical full-text electronic version, which, simultaneously with the printed version and color drawings, is posted on the sites of the Scientific Electronic Library (SEL) and the journal's website. The journal is distributed through the Rospechat Agency under the contract № 7407 of June 16, 2006, through individual buyers and commercial structures. The publication of articles is free.
The journal is included in the List of Russian Reviewed Scientific Journals of the Higher Attestation Commission. Since 2008 the journal has been available on the Internet and indexed in the RISC database which is placed on Web of Science. Since February 2nd, 2018, the journal "Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety" has been indexed in the SCOPUS abstract and citation database.
Brief electronic versions of the Journal have been publicly available since 2005 on the website of the Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety Journal: http://www.medradiol.ru. Since 2011, all issues of the journal as a whole are publicly available, and since 2016 - full-text versions of scientific articles. Since 2005, subscribers can purchase full versions of other articles of any issue only through the National Electronic Library. The editor of the Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety Journal in accordance with the National Electronic Library agreement has been providing the Library with all its production since 2005 until now.
The main working language of the journal is Russian, an additional language is English, which is used to write titles of articles, information about authors, annotations, key words, a list of literature.
Since 2017 the journal Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety has switched to digital identification of publications, assigning to each article the identifier of the digital object (DOI), which greatly accelerated the search for the location of the article on the Internet. In future it is planned to publish the English-language version of the journal Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety for its development. In order to obtain information about the publication activity of the journal in March 2015, a counter of readers' references to the materials posted on the site from 2005 to the present which is placed on the journal's website. During 2015 - 2016 years on average there were no more than 100-170 handlings per day. Publication of a number of articles, as well as electronic versions of profile monographs and collections in the public domain, dramatically increased the number of handlings to the journal's website to 500 - 800 per day, and the total number of visits to the site at the end of 2017 was more than 230.000.
The two-year impact factor of RISC, according to data for 2017, was 0.439, taking into account citation from all sources - 0.570, and the five-year impact factor of RISC - 0.352.
Issues journals
Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2024. Vol. 69. № 2
DOI:10.33266/1024-6177-2024-69-2-73-80
D.Yu. Chuvilin1, I.I. Skobelin1, A.V. Kurochkin1, K.A. Makoveeva1,
A.N. Strepetov1, P.A. Karalkin2, M.A. Karalkina3, I.V. Reshetov3
Experience in Developing Radiation Sources
for Personalized Brachytherapy Based on Titanium Alloys
1 National Research Centre “Kurchatov Institute”, Moscow, Russia
2 First Sechenov State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
3 Federal Center of Brain Research and Neurotechnologies, Moscow, Russia
Contact person: P.A. Karalkin, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
ABSTRACT
Purpose: The study explores the possibility of manufacturing radiation sources for personalized brachytherapy using titanium alloys, activated in a neutron flux reactor, by measuring the radiation composition of applicator implants and their dosimetric characteristics.
Material and methods: A 3D implant of a brachytherapy source was made from a titanium alloy using an additive selective laser melting setup. The titanium 3D prototype was irradiated for three days in the horizontal experimental channel of the IR-8 reactor. Subsequently, measurements of the gamma-ray spectrum from the irradiated implant were carried out on a spectrometer, and dose characteristics of the 3D implant were measured using a dosimeter-radiometer.
Results: In the experimental 3D implant obtained by us, the radionuclide 47Sc exhibits the highest activity. Currently, 47Sc is considered a promising candidate for brachytherapy. It possesses attractive nuclear and physical properties as a β-emitter, decaying into the ground state (27 %) of 47Ti (Eβmax = 600 keV) and the excited state of 47Ti (Eβmax = 439 keV) with a half-life of 3.4 days. Additionally, 47Sc emits γ-radiation at an energy of 159 keV (68 %), which is suitable for imaging, allowing for SPECT or planar scintigraphy and obtaining a picture of the drug’s distribution in the body. In the experimental implant, small amounts of scandium radionuclides – 46Sc and 48Sc, were also detected, emitting sufficiently hard gamma radiation, which can pose a problem for patient dosage determination. The advantages of using titanium-47 with an enrichment of over 95 %, economically available, have been demonstrated, allowing for high radiochemical yields of 47Sc, sufficient for therapy.
Conclusion: The 3D printing technology allows the production of a customized applicator for brachytherapy of specific dimensions and the delivery of arbitrarily-shaped sources to the tumor area for personalized therapy of oncological diseases. When implanting sources based on titanium alloys activated in a neutron flux of a research nuclear reactor, the radionuclide scandium-47 exhibits the highest activity.
Keywords: brachytherapy, radionuclide therapy, titanium alloys, neutron activation, scandium-47
For citation: Chuvilin DYu, Skobelin II, Kurochkin AV, Makoveeva KA, Strepetov AN, Karalkin PA, Karalkina MA, Reshetov IV. Experience in Developing Radiation Sources for Personalized Brachytherapy Based on Titanium Alloys. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2024;69(2):73–80. (In Russian). DOI:10.33266/1024-6177-2024-69-2-73-80
References
1. Berger D., Van Dyk S., Beaulieu L., Major T., Kron T. Modern Tools for Modern Brachytherapy. Clin. Oncol. (R Coll Radiol). 2023;35;8:e453-e468.
2. Белоусов А.В., Лыкова Е.Н. Введение в брахитерапию: Учебное пособие. М., 2019. [Belousov A.V., Lykova E.N. Introduction to Brachytherapy. Textbook. Moscow Publ., 2019 (In Russ.)].
3. Chargari C., Deutsch E., Blanchard P., Gouy S., Martelli H., Guerin F., Dumas I., Bossi A., Morice P., Viswanathan A.N., et al. Brachytherapy: An Overview for Clinicians. CA Cancer J. Clin. 2019;69;5:386-401.
4. Hannoun-Levi J.M. Brachytherapy for Prostate Cancer: Present and Future. Cancer Radiother. 2017;21;6-7:469-72.
5. Коллеров М.Ю., Спектор В.С., Мамонов А.М., Скворцова С.В., Гусев Д.В., Гуртовая Г.В. Проблемы и перспективы применения титановых сплавов в медицине // Титан. Научно-технический журнал. 2015. № 2. С. 42-53. Kollerov M.U., Spektor V.S., Mamonov A.M., Skvortsova S.V., Gusev D.V., Gurtovaya G.V. Problems and Prospects of Using Titanium Alloys in Medicine. Journal Titanium. 2015;2:42-53 (In Russ.).
6. Liang Y., Wang Z., Zhang H., Gao Z., Zhao J., Sui A., Liu Z., Wang J. Three-Dimensional-Printed Individual Template-Guided 125I Seed Implantation for the Cervical Lymph Node Metastasis: A Dosimetric and Security Study. J Cancer Res. Ther. 2018;14:1:30-35.
7. Kang W., Zhang H., Liang Y., Chen E., Zhao J., Gao Z., Wang J. Comparison of Three-Dimensional-Printed Template-Guided and Traditional Implantation of 125I Seeds for Gynecological Tumors: A Dosimetric and Efficacy Study. J. Cancer Res. Ther. 2021;17;3:688-94.
8. Рязанцев Е.П., Насонов В.А., Егоренков П.М., Яковлев В.В., Яшин А.Ф., Кузнецов И.А., Рожнов В.Н. Современное состояние и перспективы использования реактора ИР-8 РНЦ «КИ» // Материалы международной научно-технической конференции «Исследовательские реакторы в XXI веке». Москва, ГУП НИКИЭТ, 20-23 июня 2006. М. 2006. Ryazantsev E.P., Nasonov V.A., Egorenkov P.M., Yakovlev V.V., Yashin A.F., Kuznetsov I.A., Rozhnov V.N. Current State and Prospects of Using the IR-8 Reactor of the RNC «KI». Proceedings of the International Scientific and Technical Conference Research reactors in the 21st century. Moscow, GUP NIKIET, June 20-23, 2006. Moscow Publ., 2006 (In Russ.).
9. Strepetov A.N., Panin Y.N. , Parshin P.P., Monochromatic Neutron Flux at Experimental Facilities of the IR-8 Reactor. Physics of Atomic Nuclei. 2022;85;8:1294–1298.
10. Evaluated Nuclear Data File (ENDF). 2023. URL: https://www-nds.iaea.org/exfor/endf.htm.
11. Loveless C.S., Blanco J.R., Diehl G.L., 3rd, Elbahrawi R.T., Carzaniga T.S., Braccini S., Lapi S.E. Cyclotron Production and Separation of Scandium Radionuclides from Natural Titanium Metal and Titanium Dioxide Targets. J Nucl Med. 2021;62;1:131-6.
12. Kilian K., Pyrzynska K. Scandium Radioisotopes-Toward New Targets and Imaging Modalities. Molecules. 2023;28;22.
13. Meier J.P., Zhang H.J., Freifelder R., Bhuiyan M., Selman P., Mendez M., Kankanamalage P.H.A., Brossard T., Pusateri A., Tsai H.M., et al. Accelerator-Based Production of Scandium Radioisotopes for Applications in Prostate Cancer: Toward Building a Pipeline for Rapid Development of Novel Theranostics. Molecules. 2023;28;16.
14. Mikolajczak R., Huclier-Markai S., Alliot C., Haddad F., Szikra D., Forgacs V., Garnuszek P. Production of Scandium Radionuclides for Theranostic Applications: Towards Standardization of Quality Requirements. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem. 2021;6;1:19.
15. Jalilian A.R., Engle J.W., Osso J.A. Cyclotron Production of Non-conventional Theranostic Radionuclides and Radiopharmaceuticals. Curr. Radiopharm. 2021;14;4:304–5.
16. Dellepiane G., Casolaro P., Mateu I., Scampoli P., Voeten N., Braccini S. 47Sc and 46Sc Cross-Section Measurement for an Optimized 47Sc Production with an 18 MeV Medical PET Cyclotron. Appl Radiat Isot. 2022;189:110428.
PDF (RUS) Full-text article (in Russian)
Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Financing. The study had no sponsorship.
Contribution. Article was prepared with equal participation of the authors.
Article received: 20.11.2023. Accepted for publication: 27.12.2023.
Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2024. Vol. 69. № 2
DOI:10.33266/1024-6177-2024-69-2-83-88
I.L. Efimova
Angelina Konstantinovna Guskova
(for the 100th Anniversary of her Birth)
A.I. Burnazyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Moscow, Russia
Contact person: I.L. Efimova, е-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
Resume
Angelina Konstantinovna Guskova, Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Laureate of the Lenin Prize, Honoured Scientist of the RSFSR, Laureate of the Sievert Prize, worked for 50 years at the
A.I. Burnazyan FMBC.
She was born on 29 March 1924 in the family of doctor Konstantin Vasilievich and pianist Zoya Vasilievna Guskov. In 1941, she entered the Sverdlovsk State Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine, and successfully graduated in 1946. A.K. Guskova did her residency at the Clinic of Nervous Diseases and Neurosurgery. After her graduation, Angelina Konstantinovna was sent to Chelyabinsk-40 (Ozersk), where she started working in medical institutions serving the operating personnel of Plutonium Combine No. 817. There she gained her first experience in treating patients with acute and chronic radiation sickness. In 1957, A.K. Guskova became a senior researcher at the Institute of Biophysics in Moscow, from 1961 she headed the Radiology Department of the Institute of Occupational Hygiene and Occupational Diseases of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences. In 1974 she returned to the Institute of Biophysics of the Ministry of Health of the USSR as Head of the Clinical Department. Under the leadership of A.K. Guskova in the Clinical Department of the Institute of Biophysics a number of methods of diagnostics and prediction of severity of radiation syndromes, as well as their treatment were developed and introduced into practice. This allowed the staff of the Department to successfully cope with the most difficult task of treating a large group of victims of the Chornobyl accident in 1986.
A.K. Guskova is the author of more than 200 publications, 11 monographs (co-authored), and sections in monographs and manuals (independent). The most important of them are: «Human Radiation Disease» (1971), «Medical Assistance given to personnel of the Chernobyl N.P., after 1986 Accident». (1996). (editor and co-author), «Guidelines for Organisation of Medical Care for Persons Exposed to Radiation» (1986), «Guidelines for Radiation Medicine» (2001).
Keywords: A.K. Guskova, nuclear industry, biophysics, radiation sickness, neurology, hematology, leukemia, Chernobyl accident, occupational hygiene, clinic, local radiation lesions
For citation: Efimova IL. Angelina Konstantinovna Guskova (for the 100th Anniversary of her Birth). Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2024;69(2):83–88. (In Russian). DOI:10.33266/1024-6177-2024-69-2-83-88
References
1. Krinitsyn V.G. Angelina. Ya Schastlivyy Chelovek = Angelina. I am a Happy Man. Nizhniy Tagil Publ., 2013. P. 7 (In Russ.).
2. Guskova A.K. Moi Uchitelya i Soratniki = My Teachers and Comrades. Fund of the FMBC Museum Named After. A.I.Burnazyan. Moscow Publ., 1990 (In Russ.).
3. Death is odorless and colorless. Conversation between Alexander Emelyanenkov and Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Medical Sciences Angelina Konstantinovna Guskova. April 26, 2004. (In Russ.).
4. Prilepina O. Vrach po Imeni Angelina = A Doctor Named Angelina. Russkiy Mir. 2010. (In Russ.).
5. Ibid (In Russ.).
6. Analytical Report of the Order of Lenin Institute of Biophysics of the USSR Ministry of Health on the Work Done to Eliminate the Consequences of the Accident at the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant and Provide Medical Assistance to the Victims and Evacuees (for the Period from 04/26/86 to 08/01/86). Fund of the FMBC Museum Named After. A.I.Burnazyan (In Russ.).
7. Galin V., Elin V., Sidorova G. Beda. Trouble. Hope. Warning. Conversation with Robert Gale. Novoye Vremya. 1986
(In Russ.).
8. Leskova N. The Nuclear threat Still Exists Today. Conversation with Academician L.A. Ilyin. December 3, 2018 (In Russ.).
9. Guskova A.K. Memories. Fund of the FMBC Museum Named after. A.I.Burnazyan. (In Russ.).
PDF (RUS) Full-text article (in Russian)
Conflict of interest. The author declare no conflict of interest.
Financing. The study had no sponsorship.
Contribution. Article was prepared with one participation of the author.
Article received: 20.11.2023. Accepted for publication: 27.12.2023.
Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2024. Vol. 69. № 1
DOI:10.33266/1024-6177-2024-69-1-5-14
A.V. Akleyev1, 2,T.V. Azizova3, S.A. Ivanov4, S.M. Kiselev5,
R.M. Takhauov6, 7, S.V. Fesenko8, S.M. Shinkarev5
Results of the 70-th Session of the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of the Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) (Vienna, 19–23 June, 2023)
1 Urals Research Center for Radiation Medicine, Chelyabinsk, Russia
2 Chelyabinsk State University, Chelyabinsk, Russia
3 Southern Urals Biophysics Institute, Chelyabinsk Region, Ozyorsk, Russia
4 A. Tsyb Medical Radiological Research Centre, Obninsk, Russia
5 A.I. Burnazyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Moscow, Russia
6 Seversk Biophysical Research Centre, Seversk, Russia
7 Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russia
8 Russian Research Institute for Radiology and Agro-Ecology, Obninsk, Russia
Contact person: A.V. Akleyev, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
ABSTRACT
The paper dwells upon the key outcomes of the 70-th Session of the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) which took place during 19-23 June 2023. Experts from 30 UNSCEAR Member-states as well as the representatives of international organizations participated in the work of the Session. Within the framework of the meetings of the working group and subgroups the documents on the following projects were discussed: R.757 “Second primary cancer after radiotherapy”, R.758 “Epidemiological studies of radiation and cancer”, R.759 “Evaluation of public exposures to ionizing radiation from natural and other sources”, R.760 “Evaluation of diseases of the circulatory system from radiation exposure” and R.761 “Nervous system effects of ionizing radiation”. The Committee also discussed interim reports: UNSCEAR/70/7 “Implementation of the Strategy to improve collection, analysis and dissemination of data on radiation exposure (including consideration of the Committee’s ad hoc working group on sources and exposure)”, UNSCEAR/70/8 “Implementation of the Committee’s Future Programme of Work and proposals for 2025‒2029 period (including consideration of the Committee’s ad hoc working group on effects and mechanisms)”, working materials for this document “Terms used by the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation”, UNSCEAR/70/9 “Implementation of public information and outreach strategy for 2020–2024” and Report to the UN General Assembly.
Keywords: 70-th UNSCEAR Session, occupational exposure, public exposure, dose, cancer
For citation: Akleyev AV, Azizova TV, Ivanov SA, Kiselev SM, Takhauov RM, Fesenko SV, Shinkarev SM. Results of the 70-th Session of the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of the Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) (Vienna, 19–23 June, 2023). Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2024;69(1):5–14. (In Russian). DOI:10.33266/1024-6177-2024-69-1-5-14
References
1.UNSCEAR. Sources and Effects of Ionizing Radiation. Volume I: Sources: Report to the General Assembly, Scientific Annexes A-E. UNSCEAR 1958 Report. United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation. United Nations, New York, 1958.
2.Akleyev A.V., Azizova T.V., Ivanov V.K., Karpikova L.A., Kiselev S.M., Kononenko D.V., Melikhova E.M., Romanov V.V., Romanov S.A., Takhauov R.M., Usoltsev V.Yu., Shinkarev S.M. Results of the 68-th Session of the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of the Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) (Vienna, 21-25 June, 2021). Meditsinskaya Radiologiya i Radiatsionnaya Bezopasnost = Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2022;67;1 (In Russ.) DOI: 10.12737/1024-6177-2022-67-1-11-18.
3.Akleyev A.V., Azizova T.V., Karpikova L.A., Kiselev S.M., Kononenko D.V., Melikhova E.M., Romanov V.V., Romanov S.A., Takhauov R.M., Usoltsev V.Yu., Shinkarev S.M. Results of the 69-th Session of the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of the Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) (Vienna, 9-13 May, 2022). Meditsinskaya Radiologiya i Radiatsionnaya Bezopasnost = Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2022;67;5 (In Russ.) DOI: 10.33266/1024-6177-2022-67-5-24-32.
4.UNSCEAR. Sources and Effects of Ionizing Radiation. Volume I: Sources: Report to the General Assembly, Scientific Annex B. UNSCEAR 2008 Report. United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation. United Nations Sales Publication E.10.XI.3. United Nations, New York, 2010.
5.UNSCEAR. Sources and Effects of Ionizing Radiation. Volume II: Effects: Scientific Annexes C, D and E. UNSCEAR 2008 Report. United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation. United Nations Sales Publication E.11.IX.3. United Nations, New York, 2011.
6.UNSCEAR. Sources, Effects and Risks of Ionizing Radiation. Report to the General Assembly and Scientific Annexes A, B, C and D. UNSCEAR 2016 Report. United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation. United Nations Sales Publication E.17.IX.1. United Nations, New York, 2017.
7.UNSCEAR. Sources, Effects and Risks of Ionizing Radiation. Report to the General Assembly and Scientific Annex A: Levels and Effects of Radiation Exposure Due to the Nuclear Accident after the 2011 Great East-Japan Earthquake and Tsunami. UNSCEAR 2013 Report. United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation. United Nations Sales Publication E.14.IX.1. United Nations, New York, 2013.
8.UNSCEAR. Sources, Effects and Risks of Ionizing Radiation. Volume II: Scientific Annex B. UNSCEAR 2020/2021 Report. Annex B: Levels and Effects of Radiation Exposure Due to the Accident at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Station: Implications of Information Published Since the UNSCEAR 2013 Report. United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation. United Nations Sales Publication E.21.IX.2. United Nations, New York, 2021a.
9.UNSCEAR. Sources, Effects and Risks of Ionizing Radiation. UNSCEAR 2019 Report to the General Assembly, with Scientific Annexes. Annex B: Lung Cancer from Exposure to Radon. New York, United Nations, 2020. 100 p. eISBN 978-92-1-005136-1.
PDF (RUS) Full-text article (in Russian)
Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Financing. The study had no sponsorship.
Contribution. Article was prepared with equal participation of the authors.
Article received: 20.10.2023. Accepted for publication: 27.11.2023.
Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2024. Vol. 69. № 2
DOI:10.33266/1024-6177-2024-69-2-81-82
I.B. Ushakov
Review of the Monograph by Yu.A. Klassovsky «The Effect of External and Internal Irradiation in the Conditions of Formation of Radioactive Traces of Nuclear Explosions. Questions of Etiology and Pathogenesis»
A.I. Burnazyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Moscow, Russia
Contact person: I.B. Ushakov, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
In memory of our teachers and the founders of the relevant fields of radiobiology, who studied the consequences and developed protection against the combined effects of external radiation and radionuclides on the body
The material included in Yuri Alexandrovich Krasovsky's monograph, designed and published posthumously, is addressed to specialists in radiobiology and medical radiology. It represents unique data that, at the time of their receipt, should be characterized as promising in terms of methodological approach, scientific novelty and meaningful author's generalization, and in modern conditions of time – as non-reproducible and relevant in solving problems of universal value. The reason for this lies in the original methodological approach of the author and his interpretation of the data obtained.
The published work contains the plan, nature, form and completeness of the presentation of the data stated by the author as due from the standpoint of a medical view of a complex problem. In the sections and appendices where the direct factual material is presented, a generalizing analysis of it is carried out while preserving the descriptive features of each individual case. Thus, possible scientific followers of the author are left with the opportunity for further meaningful work with the unique factual data included in the monograph.
The following methodological approaches and scientific provisions established, developed or systematized by the author have reason to be attributed to the materials included in the monograph claiming priority.
First, it is the identification and persistent convincing introduction into science of the concept of "combined radiation damage" with a description and systematization of its inherent clinical and pathogenetic features.
As a result, the concept itself, the classification term and the position of the author, together with the conclusions of other researchers, have become entrenched in medical radiology as a textbook.
Secondly, it is the methodological demonstrativeness with which the author, developing the concept of the critical organ, detailed and brought it to the concept of the critical tissue of the critical organ. The author's first publications with histoautoradiographic research materials on this topic date back to the sixties of the last century and relate to the deterministic effects of combined radiation damage. Now this position is recognized by the international scientific community as decisive in relation to the blastomogenic effect of ionizing radiation. The author's own data on blastomogenic action within the framework of the developed concept are presented in the monograph with protocol details.
Finally, thirdly, the factual position formulated by the author and confirmed by the materials included in the monograph about the advanced appearance of tumors in the tissues of the endocrine system during the subsequent development of multiple tumors of other organs with an attempt at a pathogenetic explanation of what is happening.
The material received by the author and included in the peer-reviewed monograph was prepared, but not defended as a dissertation. Nevertheless, references to it as a completed scientific work have been repeatedly cited by reputable experts as an evidence base for official advisory acts when making decisions on issues at the state level.
The problem of assessing the effects, damage mechanisms and long-term consequences of the combined effects of external radiation and internal irradiation of organs and tissues from radionuclides incorporated in them, especially acute for the conditions of formation of a radioactive trace, appeared immediately after the start of nuclear test explosions and still remains relevant. The urgency of the problem increases significantly in connection with the counteraction carried out by the Russian Federation to the trends of the "sliding" of the world order towards a lighter attitude towards threats related to testing, the use of nuclear weapons, and the deliberate destruction of nuclear-hazardous facilities with the anti-human purpose of polluting the habitat and environment with nuclear fission products. An objective forecast of the medical and environmental consequences for the population living in the adjacent territories under these threats is necessary to minimize damage to the country's economy and maintain its defense capability. Therefore, the publication of the peer-reviewed monograph by Yu.A. Klassovsky, devoted to the etiopathogenetic study of radiation effects on the body when combined with general external radiation with internal radiation of individual critical organs and tissues, is timely and relevant.
Despite a significant amount of work devoted to the study of the ways and mechanisms of dose formation in various organs of the irradiated body, the integral assessment of equivalent levels of combined radiation exposure is still the subject of scientific discussions among radiobiologists, biophysicists and hygienists. For example, the harmonization of domestic and foreign standards for the rational limitation of such effects on humans requires in-depth analysis, correct generalization and extrapolation of a set of theoretical and experimental data obtained both in model laboratory and field experiments on laboratory animals of various biological species. However, objective data from medical and radiobiological studies for a convincing conclusion about the consequences of adverse effects of ionizing radiation with various combinations of external and internal radiation sources in the specialized literature were extremely few, not systematized and often contradictory.
The results of a long-term study of lifelong consequences in their connection with the clinical and morphological severity of the immediate effects of external radiation and radioactive products ingested (experimental animals) in full-scale tests at the Semipalatinsk test site, presented in the formulation chosen by the author, are unique and have not been widely covered in the available literature for objective reasons to date. This allows us to state with confidence the undoubted and enduring value of the data obtained by the author of multidimensional experiments with an assessment of the functional and morphological significance of the main pathoanatomical changes in the pathogenesis of combined radiation lesions and the lifelong consequences of such pathological conditions of biological objects.
The descriptive value of the monograph is given not only by a scrupulous presentation of the quantitative characteristics of clinical, hematological, physiological, biochemical, immunological and pathoanatomical indicators. The author also presented a rich atlas of pathological changes in the organs of internal secretion, reproductive, hematopoietic, excretory systems, gastrointestinal tract, etc. registered visually and using light microscopy, as well as historadiography. in experimental irradiated animals. Models of full-scale and simulated variants of combined radiation exposure were used. These truly unique and vivid illustrative materials are difficult to overestimate for current and future researchers in the field of radiation biology and medicine.
Despite the solid period of almost half a century since the completion of Yu.A. Klassovsky's qualification work, this monograph has not only not lost its relevance, but should also be a matter of well-deserved pride among Russian specialists in the field of medical radiology, radiation biology, hygiene and military medicine. In the research materials, the author emphasizes that the leading contribution to carcinogenesis at sublethal doses of exposure is made by internal irradiation with incorporated radionuclides. At the same time, the features of the effects that are the consequences of combined radiation lesions in such conditions turned out to be a relatively short period of tumor development and their more malignant course. Thanatogenesis as the outcome of radiation exposure to biological objects in supralethal doses, on the contrary, is ranked as having a greater significance of the contribution of external irradiation. Y.A. Klassovsky comes to such important conclusions with an understanding of their scientific, but also pragmatic significance. This complements the priority of the author's position and the contribution of the scientific provisions of the published monograph to the development of the theory, methodology and practice of research on the etiology and pathogenesis of radiation-induced acute, delayed and long-term consequences of combined exposure to ionizing radiation.
It should be noted the unique style of presentation of materials in the reviewed monograph, reflecting its specific orientation and the diversity of the author's interests. An attempt at a wide comprehensive coverage of independent research areas from pathogenetically justified requirements for tissue dosimetry to demonstrative examples of dose distribution and its significance in the pathogenesis of radiation lesions, being an undoubted advantage of the work, was fraught with limitations arising from these advantages. The medical approach stated by the author created a subordinate structuring of work on the sections of pathological anatomy and pathogenesis of combined radiation lesions. The author did not put forward goals requiring multivariate statistical analysis in epidemiological terms, understanding the limited samples of experimental animals due to the variability of conditions subordinated to the priority goals of planning field experiments. Under these conditions, the author found his solution, focusing on the description of the phenomenology of the processes of manifestation of various forms of radiation damage in animals and it was with this that he associated estimates of the long-term lifelong predetermined consequences of acute combined exposures. However, this circumstance in no way detracts from the undoubted advantages of the monograph. According to the style of presentation of materials, the work of Yu.A. Klassovsky approaches classical works. The logic, concreteness and coherence of the presentation of the results in all five sections of the monograph, the reliability of the conclusions and the validity of the conclusions are beyond doubt.
One can only regret that the presented work of Yu.A. Klassovsky as a result of selfless work, as a research and human feat of a scientist, has been in demand by the scientific community for a long time, and has been published only now. The problem of objectification of the effects of combined radiation exposure raised in the monograph will be in demand by a wide range of specialized researchers for a long time. In addition, the book will be useful to students and young professionals interested in radiation biology and medicine, as well as to anyone who seeks to include in their scientific horizons achievements in the field of etiology and pathogenesis of the radiation effects of combined exposure to radiation on a living organism. It can be assumed that by combining modern computer modeling capabilities and a thorough in-depth numerical analysis of the presented unique data from real field experiments, this monograph by Yu.A. Klassovsky will serve more than once as a productive source for revealing hidden patterns so far. They may consist in the multidisciplinary origin of the features revealed during the reconstruction of various options for the joint action of internal and external sources of radiation. Armed with this knowledge, future researchers will be able to rationally apply the data presented in the monograph, developing new approaches to protecting and overcoming the consequences of such a complex type of radiation exposure.
I support the content, the prospects for further scientific application and the enduring value, as well as the established timeliness of publication of the materials included in the monograph by Yu.A. Klassovsky.
President of the Radiobiological Society of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences,
Doctor of Medical Sciences Professor
I. B. Ushakov
PDF (RUS) Full-text article (in Russian)
Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2024. Vol. 69. № 1
DOI:10.33266/1024-6177-2024-69-1-15-19
A.K. Chigasova1, 2, 3, M.V. Pustovalova1, 4, A.A. Osipov2, S.A. Korneva5,
P.S. Eremin6, E.I. Yashkina1, 2, M.A. Ignatov1, 2,Yu.A. Fedotov1, 2,
N.Yu. Vorobyeva1, 2, A.N. Osipov1, 2
Post-Radiation Changes in The Number of Phosphorylated H2ax
and Atm Protein Foci in Low Dose X-Ray Irradiated Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells
1 A.I. Burnazyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center, Moscow, Russia
2 N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Moscow, Russia
3 Institute of Biochemical Physics, Moscow, Russia
4 Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow region, Dolgoprudny, Russia
5 M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
6 National Medical Research Center of Rehabilitation and Balneology, Moscow, Russia
Contact person: N.Yu. Vorobyeva, e-mail: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.
ABSTRACT
Aim: To study the patterns of changes in the number of foci of phosphorylated DNA double-strand break repair proteins H2AX (γH2AX) and ATM (pATM) in cultured human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) 1‒48 hours after exposure to X-ray radiation at doses of 40, 80, 160 and 250 mGy.
Material and methods: We used the primary culture of human MSCs, obtained from the collection of LLC “BioloT” (Russia). Cells were irradiated using a RUB RUST-M1 X-ray biological unit (Diagnostika-M LLC, Moscow, Russia) equipped with two X-ray emitters at a dose rate of 40 mGy/min (voltage of 100 kV, an anode current of 8 mA, and a 1.5 mm Al filter) and 4 °C temperature. To quantify the yield of γH2AX and pATM foci immunocytochemical staining was carried out with the use of γH2AX and pATM antibody respectively. Statistical analysis of the obtained data was carried out using the statistical software package Statistica 8.0 (StatSoft). To assess the significance of differences between samples, Student’s t-test was used.
Results: It was shown that the kinetics of changes in the number of γH2AX foci after irradiation at doses of 160 and 250 mGy and low (40‒80 mGy) doses are significantly different. In contrast to the significant (50‒60 %) decrease in the number of γH2AX foci observed
6 hours after irradiation at doses of 160 and 250 mGy, after irradiation at low doses, no significant decrease in γH2AX foci was observed at this time point. Analysis of the colocalization of γH2AX foci with pATM foci indicates that the mechanisms for maintaining a high number of γH2AX foci 24‒48 hours after low-dose irradiation are ATM independent. A hypothesis has been put forward to explain the phenomenon of maintaining the number of γH2AX foci 24‒48 hours after irradiation in low doses by replicative stress caused by stimulation of proliferation against the background of hyperproduction of free radicals, resulting in additional formation of DNA double-strand breaks and phosphorylation of H2AX by ATR kinase.
Keywords: mesenchymal stem cells, γH2AX, pATM, DNA double-strand breaks, X-ray radiation, low doses
For citation: Chigasova AK, Pustovalova MV, Osipov AA, Korneva SA, Eremin PS, Yashkina EI, Ignatov MA, Fedotov YuA, Vorobyeva NYu, Osipov AN. Post-Radiation Changes in The Number of Phosphorylated H2ax and Atm Protein Foci in Low Dose X-Ray Irradiated Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Medical Radiology and Radiation Safety. 2024;69(1):15–19. (In Russian). DOI:10.33266/1024-6177-2024-69-1-15-19
References
1. Mastrolia I., Foppiani E.M., Murgia A., Candini O., Samarelli A.V., Grisendi G., et al. Challenges in Clinical Development of Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells: Concise Review. Stem. Cells. Transl. Med. 2019;8;11:1135-1148. doi: 10.1002/sctm.19-0044.
2. Andrzejewska A., Lukomska B., Janowski M. Concise Review: Mesenchymal Stem Cells: From Roots to Boost. Stem. Cells. 2019;37;7:855-864. doi: 10.1002/stem.3016.
3. Smolinska A., Bzinkowska A., Rybkowska P., Chodkowska M., Sarnowska A. Promising Markers in the Context of Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells Subpopulations with Unique Properties. Stem. Cells. Int. 2023;2023:1842958. doi: 10.1155/2023/1842958.
4. Zuk P.A., Zhu M., Mizuno H., Huang J., Futrell J.W., Katz A.J., et al. Multilineage Cells from Human Adipose Tissue: Implications for Cell-Based Therapies. Tissue Engineering. 2001;7;2:211-228. doi: 10.1089/107632701300062859.
5. Oswald J., Boxberger S., Jorgensen B., Feldmann S., Ehninger G., Bornhauser M., et al. Mesenchymal Stem Cells Can Be Differentiated into Endothelial Cells in Vitro. Stem. Cells. 2004;22;3:377-84. doi: 10.1634/stemcells.22-3-377.
6. Пустовалова М.В., Грехова А.К., Осипов А.Н. Мезенхимальные стволовые клетки: эффекты воздействия ионизирующего излучения в малых дозах // Радиационная биология. Радиоэкология. 2018. Т.58, № 4. С. 352-362. doi: 10.1134/s086980311804015x. [Pustovalova M.V., Grekhova A.K., Osipov A.N. Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Effects of Exposure to Ionizing Radiation in Low Doses. Radiatsionnaya Biologiya. Radioekologiya = Radiation Biology. Radioecology. 2018;58;4:352-362. doi: 10.1134/s086980311804015x (In Russ.)].
7. Bushmanov A., Vorobyeva N., Molodtsova D., Osipov A.N. Utilization of DNA Double-Strand Breaks for Biodosimetry of Ionizing Radiation Exposure. Environmental Advances. 2022;8. doi: 10.1016/j.envadv.2022.100207.
8. Osipov A., Chigasova A., Yashkina E., Ignatov M., Fedotov Y., Molodtsova D., et al. Residual Foci of DNA Damage Response Proteins in Relation to Cellular Senescence and Autophagy in X-Ray Irradiated Fibroblasts. Cells. 2023;12;8. doi: 10.3390/cells12081209.
9. Belov O., Chigasova A., Pustovalova M., Osipov A., Eremin P., Vorobyeva N., et al. Dose-Dependent Shift in Relative Contribution of Homologous Recombination to DNA Repair after Low-LET Ionizing Radiation Exposure: Empirical Evidence and Numerical Simulation. Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2023;45;9:7352-73. doi: 10.3390/cimb45090465.
10. Georgoulis A., Vorgias C., Chrousos G., Rogakou E. Genome Instability and γH2AX. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2017;18;9. doi: 10.3390/ijms18091979.
11. Burma S., Chen B.P., Murphy M., Kurimasa A., Chen D.J. ATM Phosphorylates Histone H2AX in Response to DNA Double-Strand Breaks. J. Biol. Chem. 2001;276;45:42462-7. doi: 10.1074/jbc.C100466200.
12. Stiff T., O’Driscoll M., Rief N., Iwabuchi K., Lobrich M., Jeggo P.A. ATM and DNA-PK Function Redundantly to Phosphorylate H2AX after Exposure to Ionizing Radiation. Cancer Res. 2004;64;7:2390-6.
13. Zhou B.B., Elledge S.J. The DNA Damage Response: Putting Checkpoints in Perspective. Nature. 2000;408;6811:433-439. doi: 10.1038/35044005.
14. O’Driscoll M., Ruiz-Perez V.L., Woods C.G., Jeggo P.A., Goodship J.A. A Splicing Mutation Affecting Expression of Ataxia-Telangiectasia and Rad3-Related Protein (Atr) Results in Seckel Syndrome. Nature Genetics. 2003;33;4:497-501. doi: 10.1038/ng1129.
15. Reitsema T., Klokov D., Banath J.P., Olive P.L. DNA-PK Is Responsible for Enhanced Phosphorylation of Histone H2AX under Hypertonic Conditions. DNA Repair (Amst). 2005;4;10:1172-1181. doi: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2005.06.005.
16. Shibata A., Jeggo P.A. ATM’s Role in the Repair of DNA Double-Strand Breaks. Genes. 2021;12;9. doi: 10.3390/genes12091370.
17. Lee J.H., Paull T.T. Activation and Regulation of ATM Kinase Activity in Response to DNA Double-Strand Breaks. Oncogene. 2007;26;56:7741-7748. doi: 10.1038/sj.onc.1210872.
18. Kurz E.U., Lees-Miller S.P. DNA Damage-Induced Activation of ATM and ATM-Dependent Signaling Pathways. DNA Repair (Amst). 2004;3;8-9:889-900. doi: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2004.03.029.
19. Osipov A.N., Pustovalova M., Grekhova A., Eremin P., Vorobyova N., Pulin A., et al. Low Doses of X-Rays Induce Prolonged and ATM-Independent Persistence of GammaH2AX foci in Human Gingival Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Oncotarget. 2015;6;29:27275-87. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.4739.
20. Грехова А.К., Еремин П.С., Осипов А.Н., Еремин И.И., Пустовалова М.В., Озеров И.В. и др. Замедленные процессы образования и деградации фокусов γН2ax в фибробластах кожи человека, подвергшихся воздействию рентгеновского излучения в малых дозах // Радиационная биология Радиоэкология. 2015;55(4):395-401. doi: 10.7868/s0869803115040037. [Grekhova A.K., Eremin P.S., Osipov A.N., Eremin I.I., Pustovalova M.V., Ozerov I.V., et al. Slow Processes of Formation and Degradation of γH2ax Foci in Human Skin Fibroblasts Exposed to Low-Dose X-Ray Radiation. Radiatsionnaya Biologiya. Radioekologiya = Radiation Biology. Radioecology. 2015;55;4:395-401. doi: 10.7868/s0869803115040037. (In Russ.)].
21. Biswas H., Makinwa Y., Zou Y. Novel Cellular Functions of ATR for Therapeutic Targeting: Embryogenesis to Tumorigenesis. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. 2023;24;14. doi: 10.3390/ijms241411684.
22. Suzuki K., Okada H., Yamauchi M., Oka Y., Kodama S., Watanabe M. Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Phosphorylated ATM Foci Induced by Low-Dose Ionizing Radiation. Radiat Res. 2006;165;5:499-504. doi: 10.1667/RR3542.1.
23. Large M., Reichert S., Hehlgans S., Fournier C., Rodel C., Rodel F. A Non-Linear Detection of Phospho-Histone H2AX in EA.hy926 Endothelial Cells Following Low-Dose X-Irradiation Is Modulated by Reactive Oxygen Species. Radiat Oncol. 2014;9:80. doi: 10.1186/1748-717X-9-80.
24. Baulch J.E., Craver B.M., Tran K.K., Yu L., Chmielewski N., Allen B.D., et al. Persistent Oxidative Stress in Human Neural Stem Cells Exposed to Low Fluences of Charged Particles. Redox Biology. 2015;5:24-32. doi: 10.1016/j.redox.2015.03.001.
25. Liang X., So Y.H., Cui J., Ma K., Xu X., Zhao Y., et al. The Low-Dose Ionizing Radiation Stimulates Cell Proliferation Via Activation of the MAPK/ERK Pathway in Rat Cultured Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Journal of Radiation Research. 2011;52;3:380-386.
26. Petermann E., Helleday T. Pathways of Mammalian Replication Fork Restart. Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology. 2010;11;10:683-687. doi: 10.1038/nrm2974.
PDF (RUS) Full-text article (in Russian)
Conflict of interest. The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Financing. The research was carried out with the support of the RNF (project No. 23-14-00078).
Contribution. Article was prepared with equal participation of the authors.
Article received: 20.10.2023. Accepted for publication: 27.11.2023.